丹参酮ⅡA长循环固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其理化性质研究

制备丹参酮ⅡA长循环固体脂质纳米粒（TA-LSLN）并考察其理化性质。方法：以乳化，溶剂挥发法制备丹参酮ⅡA固体脂质纳米粒，测定其粒径、Zeta电位和药物包封率，以透射电镜观察纳米粒形态，考察了纳米粒的稳定性，并进行TA-LSLN的体外释放试验。结果：纳米粒平均粒径为107．6nm，Zeta电位为-34．5mV，包封率为82．3％。4℃放置1个月粒径和包封率无变化。体外释药试验表明TA-LSLN开始阶段释放较快，10h时释放了41％，之后缓慢释放；体外释药结果符合Weibull方程。结论：制备的TA-LSLN平均粒径和包封率较为理想，能使药物缓慢释放。     

姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒制备及体外释放的研究

[目的]以单硬脂酸甘油酯为载体材料制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒及其体外释放行为的研究。[方法]采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒,高速离心法测其包封率,激光粒径仪测定其粒径、电位,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其性质,采用透析法考察固体脂质纳米粒中姜黄素的体外释放行为。[结果]姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为(89.24±2.06)nm,Zeta电位为(-18.77±1.27)m V,药物平均包封率为(89.55±1.84)%,DSC结果表明其理化性质稳定可靠,体外12 h累计释放率为(43.12±1.02)%。[结论]制备的姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒粒径小且分布均匀,具有良好的缓释作用。     

脂质纳米粒通过离体大鼠小肠吸收的研究

目的 制备荧光标记的脂质纳米粒,测定其理化性质,探讨脂质纳米载体通过小肠吸收的情况及影响吸收的因素。方法 采用水性溶剂扩散法制备荧光标记脂质纳米粒,以微粒粒度及表面电位仪测定粒径和表面电位,荧光分光光度法测定包封率,以大鼠外翻肠模型考察不同肠段及脂质纳米粒处方因素对小肠吸收的影响。结果 制备得到的荧光标记脂质纳米粒粒径约为150~300 nm,带负电,荧光素嫁接物(ODA-FITC)包封率均高于95%,固体脂质纳米粒小肠不同部位吸收不一,十二指肠段吸收量最大,空肠次之,回肠最少。油酸和卵磷脂能够改善脂质纳米粒的小肠吸收。结论 用水性溶剂扩散法易于制备高ODA-FITC包封率的脂质纳米粒,通过调整脂质纳米粒处方,可以得到理想的小肠吸收的脂质纳米载体。     

麦角甾苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒制备及其体外释药的研究

[目的] 研究麦角甾苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法及其体外释放的情况。[方法] 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒,超滤离心法测其包封率,并对其粒径、电位、进行进一步考察,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其性质,采用透析法考察固体脂质纳米粒中麦角甾苷的体外释放行为。[结果] 麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为85.56 nm,Zeta 电位约为-20.97 mV,药物平均包封率为88.31 %,DSC 表明其理化性质稳定可靠,体外12 h 累计释放率62.46 %。[结论] 制备的麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒包封率较高,粒径小且分布均匀,有良好的缓释作用。     

环丙沙星-固体脂质纳米粒的制备及抗菌效果

目的 制备环丙沙星固体脂质纳米粒并检测其抑菌效果。方法 以胆固醇为脂质,以吐温80为表面活性剂,采用乳化-低温固化法制备固体脂质纳米粒并对其进行表征,包括粒径、Zeta电位、载药量、包封率、分散性以及体外缓释。使用二倍稀释法测定药物对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果 透射电镜扫描可见环丙沙星-固体脂质纳米粒粒径呈球形,直径40~70nm;Zeta电位（-21.8±1.3） mV;包封率为77.54%;载药量31.10%;紫外-可见光谱见纳米粒中环丙沙星280nm处特征性吸收波峰;体外缓释72h的累计释放度为78.6%。环丙沙星固体脂质纳米粒的最低抑菌浓度为0.8μg/mL,环丙沙星最低抑菌浓度为1.6μg/mL。结论 采用乳化-低温固化法成功制备环丙沙星固体脂质纳米粒,方法简便。固体脂质纳米可提高环丙沙星抑菌效果。     

双环醇固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的制备双环醇固体脂质纳米粒并考察其理化性质。方法通过乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备双环醇固体脂质纳米粒,透射电镜下观察形态,激光粒度仪测定粒径大小和电位,用微柱离心法测定包封率,并以包封率作为指标,通过正交试验设计优选出最佳处方。结果按优化条件所制备的双环醇固体脂质纳米粒在透射电镜下观察呈类球形,大小分布均匀,平均粒径为(191.4±5.33)nm,Zeta电位为(-22.73±3.32)m V,平均包封率为(59.7±1.37)%。结论乳化蒸发-低温固化法适合用于制备双环醇固体脂质纳米粒。     

鬼臼毒素硬脂酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的 为提高鬼臼毒素(PPT)制剂的疗效,降低毒副作用,以硬脂酸为载体材料制备PPT固体脂质纳米粒。方法 采用改良的微乳技术制备PPT固体脂质纳米粒;用透射电镜考察了纳米粒的形态;用高效液相色谱法测定PPT固体脂质纳米粒的包封率。结果 PPT固体脂质纳米粒基本呈圆球状或椭圆球状,粒径为(56.5±25.8)nm,包封率85.6%。结论 PPT固体脂质纳米粒包封率高,粒径分布较均匀,具有较好的稳定性,是有希望的表皮靶向制剂。     

联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的以乳化蒸发—低温固化法制备联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒。方法在单因素考察的基础上以正交试验优化、筛选最佳处方和制备工艺。用透射电镜观察固体脂质纳米粒的形态,激光粒度仪测定Zeta电位和粒径大小,葡聚糖凝胶柱法测定其包封率。结果所制得的联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒外观形态圆整,粒度分布均匀,平均粒径为(193±6)nm,电位为(-21.5±1.2)mV,包封率为(45.1±1.1)%。结论乳化蒸发—低温固化法适用于联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒的制备。     

黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其性质考察

目的 制备黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒并考察其性质。方法 采用正交实验法优化黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的最佳处方,并测定黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的粒径、ζ电位、包封率、稳定性和累积释放百分率。结果 黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的最佳处方组合为：单硬脂酸甘油酯用量为2.0%,黄豆苷元用量为2.0 mg·mL^-1,豆磷脂的用量为0.4%, Pluronic F68的用量为1.2 %。所制得的纳米粒包封率为84.7%、平均粒径为170 nm、ζ电位为-35.8 mV、72 h累积释放百分率为90.3%。结论 新制黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的粒度分布范围窄,包封率较高,稳定性良好。     

和厚朴酚固体脂质纳米粒的制备及性质研究

目的 制备具有缓释作用的和厚朴酚固体脂质纳米粒。方法 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备和厚朴酚固体脂质纳米粒,通过正交试验对处方进行优化,并对其包封率、粒径、体外释放等进行考察。结果 制备的固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为159 nm,包封率为77.1%。结论 乳化蒸发-低温固化法可用于制备和厚朴酚固体脂质纳米粒。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.