应用Box-Behnken实验设计优化水飞蓟素固体脂质纳米粒处方研究

目的 应用Box-Behnken实验设计,优化水飞蓟素固体脂质纳米粒的最佳处方。方法 采用三因素三水平Box- Behnken实验设计,以水飞蓟素为模型药物,采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备固体脂质纳米粒。利用效应曲面法对影响固体脂质纳米粒包封率、载药量和粒径的主要因素进行考察,以包封率、载药量和粒径为响应值,建立相应的二项式数学模型优化处方。结果 最优处方为固体脂质纳米粒中脂质单硬脂酸甘油酯量为5.05%,7.25% Poloxmer 188作为乳化剂,药物的量为15%。结论 采用Box-Behnken实验设计可用于水飞蓟素固体脂质纳米粒的处方优化筛选。     

麦角甾苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒制备及其体外释药的研究

[目的] 研究麦角甾苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法及其体外释放的情况。[方法] 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒,超滤离心法测其包封率,并对其粒径、电位、进行进一步考察,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其性质,采用透析法考察固体脂质纳米粒中麦角甾苷的体外释放行为。[结果] 麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为85.56 nm,Zeta 电位约为-20.97 mV,药物平均包封率为88.31 %,DSC 表明其理化性质稳定可靠,体外12 h 累计释放率62.46 %。[结论] 制备的麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒包封率较高,粒径小且分布均匀,有良好的缓释作用。     

双环醇固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的制备双环醇固体脂质纳米粒并考察其理化性质。方法通过乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备双环醇固体脂质纳米粒,透射电镜下观察形态,激光粒度仪测定粒径大小和电位,用微柱离心法测定包封率,并以包封率作为指标,通过正交试验设计优选出最佳处方。结果按优化条件所制备的双环醇固体脂质纳米粒在透射电镜下观察呈类球形,大小分布均匀,平均粒径为(191.4±5.33)nm,Zeta电位为(-22.73±3.32)m V,平均包封率为(59.7±1.37)%。结论乳化蒸发-低温固化法适合用于制备双环醇固体脂质纳米粒。     

联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的以乳化蒸发—低温固化法制备联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒。方法在单因素考察的基础上以正交试验优化、筛选最佳处方和制备工艺。用透射电镜观察固体脂质纳米粒的形态,激光粒度仪测定Zeta电位和粒径大小,葡聚糖凝胶柱法测定其包封率。结果所制得的联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒外观形态圆整,粒度分布均匀,平均粒径为(193±6)nm,电位为(-21.5±1.2)mV,包封率为(45.1±1.1)%。结论乳化蒸发—低温固化法适用于联苯双酯固体脂质纳米粒的制备。     

丹参酮I固体脂质纳米粒的制备及评价

[目的] 制备丹参酮I固体脂质纳米粒(TSI-SLN)并对其性质质量进行考察。[方法] TSI-SLN的制备方法选用乳化固化法,并以制剂的粒径、电位和包封率为考察指标。对TSI-SLN冻干品进行差式扫描量热法(DSC)检测。[结果] TSI-SLN的平均粒径为(128±2.00)nｍ,电位为(-9.35±0.12)mV;TSI的包封率为(74.03±1.32)%。DSC结果表明丹参酮I包裹在纳米粒中。[结论] 采用乳化固化法安全可靠,简单易行;该方法下制备的SLN具有较小的粒径和较高的包封率;且理化性质稳定,为后续实验提供了依据。     

新藤黄酸纳米脂质载体制备及其药剂学性质研究

目的 制备新藤黄酸纳米结构脂质载体并表征其药剂学性质。方法 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备新藤黄酸纳米脂质载体（GNA-NLC）,正交试验设计优化最佳工艺处方,并对其包封率、平均粒径及Zeta电位等性质进行考察。结果 优化后处方制备的GNA-NLC多为圆整、实体的类球形,平均粒径为（144.07±1.44）nm,多分散系数为0.24±0.01,Zeta电位为（?28.03±0.29）mV,包封率为（84.65±0.98）%,载药量为（4.21±0.05）%;DSC显示GNA纳米粒确已形成,并且GNA以非晶态分布在基质中。结论 乳化蒸发-低温固化法能成功制备GNA-NLC,工艺简单,易于控制。     

不同浓度的非那雄胺固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的：摸索出非那雄胺固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法。方法：采用改良的乳化蒸发-低温固化法将非那雄胺包封于固体脂质纳米粒中,制备0.1%、0.5%、1%不同浓度非那雄胺-固体脂质纳米粒（finasteride Solid lipid nanoparticles,FSLN）混悬液,观察其外观,用透射电镜考察其形态。结果：仅有0.1%非那雄胺-固体脂质纳米粒外观均匀,粒径为（98.2±15.3）,包封率96.3%。结论：0.1%非那雄胺-固体脂质纳米粒包封率高,粒径分布较均匀,具有一定的稳定性。     

盐酸小檗碱眼用固体脂质纳米粒的研究*

[目的]制备盐酸小檗碱固体脂质纳米粒。[方法]采用乳化蒸发低温固化法制备盐酸小檗碱纳米粒,采用离体角膜透过实验对其体外进行评价。[结果]制备的纳米粒的包封率为51.1%,平均粒径为(19±2)nm,zeta电位为-11.5 mV,表观渗透系数为(1.46±0.45)×10-6cm/s,与对照组相比增加了16%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]所用制备工艺简单,可用于制备盐酸小檗碱固体脂质纳米粒。     

环丙沙星-固体脂质纳米粒的制备及抗菌效果

目的 制备环丙沙星固体脂质纳米粒并检测其抑菌效果。方法 以胆固醇为脂质,以吐温80为表面活性剂,采用乳化-低温固化法制备固体脂质纳米粒并对其进行表征,包括粒径、Zeta电位、载药量、包封率、分散性以及体外缓释。使用二倍稀释法测定药物对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果 透射电镜扫描可见环丙沙星-固体脂质纳米粒粒径呈球形,直径40~70nm;Zeta电位（-21.8±1.3） mV;包封率为77.54%;载药量31.10%;紫外-可见光谱见纳米粒中环丙沙星280nm处特征性吸收波峰;体外缓释72h的累计释放度为78.6%。环丙沙星固体脂质纳米粒的最低抑菌浓度为0.8μg/mL,环丙沙星最低抑菌浓度为1.6μg/mL。结论 采用乳化-低温固化法成功制备环丙沙星固体脂质纳米粒,方法简便。固体脂质纳米可提高环丙沙星抑菌效果。     

姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒制备及体外释放的研究

[目的]以单硬脂酸甘油酯为载体材料制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒及其体外释放行为的研究。[方法]采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒,高速离心法测其包封率,激光粒径仪测定其粒径、电位,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其性质,采用透析法考察固体脂质纳米粒中姜黄素的体外释放行为。[结果]姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为(89.24±2.06)nm,Zeta电位为(-18.77±1.27)m V,药物平均包封率为(89.55±1.84)%,DSC结果表明其理化性质稳定可靠,体外12 h累计释放率为(43.12±1.02)%。[结论]制备的姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒粒径小且分布均匀,具有良好的缓释作用。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…