上海市全科医师规范化培训的意向调查分析

目的 了解上海市全科医师规范化培训临床基地的管理者与带教师资对培训的意向。方法 在2013年上海市卫生部门认定的全科医师规范化培训的临床基地中随机抽取了11家医院,以调查当天在岗的人员共56人为调查对象,其中全科医师规范化培训临床基地的管理者20人,带教师资36人。于2013年5-8月,采用焦点小组访谈和意向问卷调查进行调查,调查内容包括加强全科医师规范化培训的必要性、全科医师规范化培训的影响因素、面临的主要问题及进一步加强全科医师规范化培训的建议等。结果 管理者和带教师资普遍认为当前开展全科医师规范化培训非常必要;全科医师规范化培训效果的影响因素包括临床教学内容与社区实践存在脱节、缺乏交流的平台、缺乏配套的管理和激励机制、社会对全科医师的认同度较低等;当前上海市全科住院医师规范化培训的主要问题是教学管理模式有一定的局限性、学员对全科医学的认知度较低且基础参差不齐、一些临床带教师资缺乏对社区卫生服务和全科医学的了解、培训的内容与实际工作存在一定程度的脱节。结论 管理者和带教师资认为当前开展全科医师规范化培训很重要,建议构建全科医师规范化培训的综合管理机制,完善临床带教师资的准入、培训和考核机制,加强临床基地的全科医学学科建设,完善培训方案。     

上海市全科医师培训工作的回顾与展望（待续）

目的回顾上世纪九十年代初以来上海市全科医师培训工作的实践和探索,总结分析本市工作的实践经验和工作特色,并对未来工作发展进行前瞻性思考。方法采用文献研究、实地调研和政策文件查阅,研究上海市全科医学培训工作的改革发展历程。结果本文依据全科医学发展基本原则和特征,结合上海市住院医师规范化培训工作的实施,分析总结了上海市全科医师培训工作的特色与亮点,并对进一步开展全科医师培训工作提出了发展思路。结论本文以上海市全科医师培养工作近二十年来的发展历程,总结提出了规范化培训新模式,并围绕培训工作提出了构建培训体系、建立考评制度、拓宽引进渠道、规范用人机制、明确投入保障等政策措施,为国内各地逐步建立和完善全科医学住院医师培训制度提供参考。     

上海市全科医师规范化培训理论培训情况及学员就业意向调查

目的 了解上海市全科医师规范化培训的理论培训情况及学员的就业意向,探索改善全科医师规范化培训质量的有效途径。方法 在上海市审核通过的全科医师规范化培训基地中随机抽取11家培训基地,以各培训基地的2010、2011、2012级三届全科医师规范化培训学员209人为调查对象。于2013年3-4月,采用自填式调查问卷对学员进行调查,调查内容包括学员的基本情况、参加全科医师规范化培训的目的、对全科医学的了解程度、对理论培训学习效果及培训时间分配等的评价、就业意向及原因。发放问卷209份,回收有效问卷209份,有效回收率为100.0%。结果 对于参加上海市全科医师规范化培训的最主要目的,有65人（占31.1%）选择"致力于社区卫生服务事业的发展",有51人（占24.4%）选择"学习更多知识",有50人（占23.9%）选择"在上海寻求发展",有38人（占18.2%）选择"没有更好的选择"。对理论培训学习效果表示"很好"较好"一般"较差"很差"者分别为12人（占5.7%）、107人（占51.2%）、82人（占39.3%）、5人（占2.4%）、3人（占1.4%）。有165人（占78.9%）表示毕业后愿意成为全科医师,主要原因为"工作稳定"工作压力小";有44人（占21.1%）表示不愿意,主要原因为"社会地位比较低"收入低"。结论 上海市全科医师规范化培训工作在逐步完善和不断发展中,首次三年的规范化培训工作效果得到了学员的认可,但培训的课程和时间安排尚需进一步的探索和完善。     

上海市全科医师岗位培训工作的实践与思考

上海市全科医师岗位培训工作在上海市卫生局的领导下,由上海市全科医学教育培训中心负责组织与实施。上海市全科医学教育培训中心以卫生部全科医师岗位培训大纲为基本框架,结合上海市社区卫生工作实际情况,制定和编写了上海市全科医师岗位培训大纲;根据培训学员的实际情况,组织和编写了2版培训教材;通过面授和远程相结合,加快全科医师岗位培训;通过加强岗位培训管理,确保全科医师培训质量。经过多方共同努力,上海市全科医师岗位培训工作成效显著,目前上海市已经进行岗位培训的全科医师达6302名,各区县所有社区卫生服务中心均有学员接受培训,按照卫生部有关文件和评估指标体系,均已达到和超过要求。此外,针对全科医师培训过程中遇到的困难和问题,提出了相应的建议。     

全科医学临床基地师资培训的实践与探索

全科医师规范化培训的大多数内容在临床基地完成.临床基地教师(以下简称临床教师)的带教水平,在很大程度上影响着全科医师规范化培训的质量.加强对临床教师的培训,增强其带教能力,对培养合格的全科医师具有重要意义.本院作为卫生部全科医师规范化培训试点基地,承担着全科医师规范化培训的任务,在临床基地师资培训方面进行了实践与探索,现探讨如下.     

关于浙江省全科医师规范化培训实践的思考

世界各国经验表明全科医学的发展是现代医学的必然趋势。我国新医改也强调了基层医疗机构对全科医生的迫切需要,强调了全科医生培养的重要性。浙江省全科医学教育培训中心是全国较早开展全科医师规范化培训的机构之一,开创了先进的全科医师规范化培训方式和教学方法。本文阐述了目前浙江省全科医师规范化培训实践中的经验,总结了浙江省全科医师规范化培训开展过程中的优势以及存在的问题,并对此提出了相应的改进对策,为全国的全科医师规范化培训提供参考。     

上海市全科医师规范化培训的教学与考核——复旦大学附属中山医院的实践与思考

上海市全科医师规范化培训工作包括全科医学相关理论、临床科室轮转、社区实习;毕业考核分别采用客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）、多选题笔试、论文撰写和答辩的形式考核学员的临床技能、理论知识和科研能力。中山医院通过构建教学管理框架,建立教学质量管理机制,采用多种形式的教学和考核等方法开展教学工作,加强学员的临床能力培养,在全科医师规范化培训方面进行了有益的探索。     

加强过程管理提高全科医师培训质量

北京市于1999年在全国率先启动了全科医师规范化培训工作，宣武医院作为首批全科医师基地开始接收学员。2008年北京市卫生局对已有的全科医师基地进行了重新评审认定，自此，宣武医院作为全科医师规范化培训基地开始接收新一批学员进行为期三年的全科医师规范化培训。     

以“在职免费”方式开展全科医师规范化培训的创新思路与探索

分析浙江省全科医师培训原有模式存在的几点问题,提出全科医师规范化培训方式的创新思路,并以"在职免费"方式开展全科医师规范化培训实践,思考此方式开展全科医师规范化培训面临的问题及挑战.     

全科医师规范化培训现况及策略研究

目的研究全科医师规范化培训现况,提出相应的策略。方法抽取2009年-2018年在东丽医院进行全科医师规范化培训的学员51例,自行设计调查问卷,收集学员对培训基地、师资条件、培训课程、教学思维、培训考核、培训效果的评价,分析我院全科医师规范化培训过程中存在的问题,并提出相对应的解决对策。结果全科医师对培训基地、培训课程和培训考核的满意度比较高,分别为92.16%、94.12%和90.20%,对师资条件、教学思维和培训效果的满意度比较低,分别为74.51%、72.55%和70.59%。结论全科医师规范化培训需注意加强师资队伍的建设,注重学员临床思维的培训,同时需加强全科医师科研能力的培养。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.