单分散PS/PAA聚合物微球的研制

以苯乙烯为单体，采用分散聚合法制备了单分散性的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球，然后以PS微球作为种子、丙烯酸(AA)进行无皂种子乳液聚合制备了PS／PAA微球。考察了单体、引发剂、分散剂用量，反应介质极性和交链剂等因素对微球粒径大小及其分布的影响，探讨了分散聚合的反应机理。结果表明，通过改变反应工艺条件，能够制备粒径为1．0～3．0μm、单分散性很好的PS微球；通过无皂种子乳液聚合得到的核壳结构的PS／PAA微球粒径为2．50μm，多分散系数(PI)为0．0325，酸值为10．27mgNaOH／g，其表面带有羧基的特性能进一步扩大应用范围。     

单分散PS/PGMA核-壳型高分子微球的制备与表征

目的:采用种子聚合法将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)包覆在聚苯乙烯(PS)种子上,制备出纳米级、单分散的核-壳型PS/PGMA高分子微球。方法:考察了引发剂(过硫酸钾)、表面活性剂(十二烷基磺酸钠)、单体(GMA)的用量和PS种子微球粒径等条件对PS/PGMA纳米微球粒径的影响。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)等手段对样品的结构及形貌进行了表征。结果:通过优化制备条件,可以实现对微球粒径的调控,IR测定显示制备的微球含有PGMA与PS的特征官能团,TEM可看出所制微球球形度较好,具有清晰的壳-核型结构。结论:该方法制得PS/PGMA微球表面富含环氧基,因此更易于表面改性,克服了单一PS微球不易改性的缺点。     

聚苯乙烯核-聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)壳荧光素微球制备方法的研究

目的:为制备性能良好的核壳结构荧光微球,探讨了加料方式、引发剂选择、交联剂使用、pH调节、浓度配比和溶胀处理等反应条件对形成壳结构的效果以及形态学上的影响。方法:通过以乳液聚合得到的荧光素微球为核,以丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸为壳结构的聚合单体,制得了聚苯乙烯核-聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)壳荧光素微球。结果:荧光显微镜显示:粒径均一,分布范围7~8μm。红外吸收光谱证实了聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)壳结构以及表面酰胺基的存在。该种子聚合反应的最佳条件为:在不使用交联剂的前提下以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,经过40 h的乙醇溶胀处理,70℃反应3 h,反应过程pH值在6~7之间。该荧光微球的平均载药量和包封率分别为25.14%和90.21%,其荧光释放率40 h后稳定在30%左右。结论:用此法制备的微球具有良好的荧光性能和明显的核壳结构,分散性和稳定性良好,其载药量和包封率也相对稳定,并具有良好的缓释性能。     

PDMAEMA大分子单体的合成及PS-g-PDMAEMA微球的制备

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法制备了大分子单体聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA),再由PDMAEMA和苯乙烯(St)在引发剂偶氮二异丁氰(AIBN)作用下通过自由基聚合得到接枝共聚物PS-g-PDMAEMA分散液,经浓缩后滴加到不同质量分数的乙醇-水的分散介质中,进行分子自组装制备微球。采用FT-IR和1H-NMR对PDMAEMA大分子单体以及PS-g-PDMAEMA接枝共聚物进行结构表征,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微球形貌进行观测,测定了微球在不同pH条件下的Zeta电位,绘制了Zeta电位曲线。结果表明：PDMAEMA大分子单体分子量可控,数均分子量约为14 700。当乙醇质量分数为0.7时,微球粒径为0.634 μm,粒径分布均匀。在酸性条件下,微球颗粒更加稳定。     

种子聚合制备表面磺酸基功能化聚苯乙烯微球

首先采用分散聚合法制备得到单分散的粒径约1.4～2.7 μm的聚苯乙烯（PS）种子微球,并研究了控制微球粒径及其分布的工艺参数。然后采用种子聚合法,使用苯乙烯磺酸钠（NaSS）作为具有磺酸基的功能单体与苯乙烯（St）单体进行共聚。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对最终微球的表面形貌和组成成分进行表征,结果表明：成功获得了表面磺酸基功能化的聚苯乙烯微球;苯乙烯磺酸钠与苯乙烯单体共聚的最佳摩尔比为1∶3。     

模板聚合法制备高浓度PMAA/HEC核-壳聚合物纳米微球

以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)为大分子模板,选用甲基丙烯酸(MAA)单体,通过模板聚合一步反应,制备了较高浓度(40 mg/mL)的核-壳结构聚合物纳米微球溶液。采用透射电镜、红外光谱、粒径-电位和荧光光谱等分析方法,研究了PMAA/HEC纳米微球的形态、结构、原位形成机理和pH响应特性。结果表明:在大分子间氢键作用的驱动下,原位生成的PMAA和HEC自组装形成了以不溶性的PMAA/HEC大分子复合物为核、以可溶性HEC为壳的PMAA/HEC聚合物纳米微球。微球在pH=0.7~4.0范围内表现出较明显的pH敏感性。     

以纳米球形聚电解质刷为模板制备PS/SiO2核-壳 纳米杂化粒子和SiO2空心微球

报道了一种以纳米球形聚电解质刷为模板,采用溶胶凝胶法制备聚苯乙烯/二氧化硅（PS/SiO2）纳米核壳粒子,并用有机溶剂除去PS核后得到SiO2空心微球的新方法。首先采用光乳液聚合方法制备以PS为核的纳米球形聚丙烯酸（PAA）刷,然后以其为模板采用Stber方法在PS核表面沉积上厚度均匀的SiO2壳层。由于壳层中PAA链的存在,使得该有机/无机纳米杂化粒子具有pH响应性。该方法为制备活性物质（如药物）控释载体开辟了一条新途径。     

无规-类接枝共聚物自组装制备交联纳米微球

无规-类接枝共聚物(SFG)由大分子单体-己内酯改性丙烯酸酯(FA)、亲油性单体苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)共聚所得，SFG与聚苯乙烯在甲醇溶液中进行自组装，形成核壳结构纳米胶束，进一步对PGMA壳进行化学交联。最终得到具有核壳结构的纳米微球。动态激光光散射和透射电子显微镜表征结果显示SFG自组装形成了窄分布的纳米微球，微球粒径在100～200nm之间。     

分散聚合法制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球

以苯乙烯为单体、二乙烯基苯为交联剂,通过优化反应条件,制备了平均粒径为3.28～9.04 μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球和平均粒径为6.60 μm的单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球.探讨了单体浓度、引发剂含量、分散稳定剂用量对微球粒径和分散性的影响.热稳定性分析表明:交联聚苯乙烯微球耐热性明显优于线性聚苯乙烯.     

分散聚合法制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球

以苯乙烯为单体,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散稳定剂,在乙醇/水的极性反应体系中,使用分散聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)微球。研究了制备工艺对微球分子量等远程结构参数的影响。研究结果表明:在适合微球形成的单体用量、引发剂和分散稳定剂的浓度、反应温度、时间和乙醇/水的比例等参数下,克服了以往存在的粒径不均匀、分子量较低、微球表面圆整光洁度较低和产率偏低等主要问题,制备了粒径在1.5~3μm之间、粒径分布1.05~1.08、分子量80×104左右、最高得率达97%、球体表面光洁、球形对称均匀且相互不粘连的单分散PS微球。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…