重庆地区先天性心脏病家系筛查的初步分析

目的 :对重庆地区先天性心脏病 (简称先心病 )的家系进行筛查 ,以探讨先心病家系的遗传关系。方法 :在群体调查中收集重庆地区资料凡一个家系中有 2例及 2例以上先心病患者 ,对高发家系绘制家系谱图 ,对无证者及其一、二级亲属成员逐个筛查 ,填写个案调查表 ,对高发家系进行分析。结果 :调查了 4 387个家系中有 2 1个高发家系 ,其中亲属患者的病种与先证者不完全一致 ,符合率为 33.33% (7/ 2 1)。一、二级亲属先心病先证者条件患病率 ,其中一级亲属为 16 .4 9% (16 / 97) ,二级亲属先证者条件患病率为 1.89% (5 / 2 6 5 ) ,一、二级亲属先证者条件患病率比较 ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =2 7.73,P <0 .0 0 1)。采用EmeryAEH分离分析法对高发先心病的遗传方式进行分析 ,结果符合常染色体单基因显性遗传 ,但同胞数不符合自然状态 ,故不能肯定其常染色体显性遗传方式 ;常染色体隐性遗传因剩下的家系样本太少 ,难以预测 ;而性连锁遗传中 ,Y连锁伴性遗传和X连锁遗传 ,与实际调查不符 ,可排除这种遗传方式。结论 :重庆地区先心病家系调查尚未发现地区差别 ,但有家族聚集现象 ,其亲属发病率高低与血缘关系近远相关 ,与先证者血缘关系越近的亲属先证者条件患病率越高 ;同时 ,由于我们的调查在独生子女或双胎的状态中进     

遗传因素在普通型偏头痛发生中的作用

目的探讨遗传因素在普通型偏头痛发生中的作用及该病的遗传方式.方法以27例普通型偏头痛患者为先证者,收集其一级和二级亲属的患病资料,采用零截尾泊松分布模型判断该病有无家庭聚集性,应用Penrose法和Li-Mantel-Gart法判断该病的遗传方式,应用PPAP软件估算该病的遗传度.结果先证者一级亲属该病的患病率＞二级亲属＞一般人群,符合多基因遗传病的特点;Penrose法的结果也显示该病为多基因遗传病,其一级亲属的遗传度为0.935±0.098,二级亲属的遗传度为0.439±0.284,遗传度的加权平均值为0824±0.093.结论普通型偏头痛是一种多基因遗传病.     

原发性癫癎高发家族的46个家系调查

目的　研究原发性癫痫的遗传方式。方法　选自 1987～ 2 0 0 2年的原发性癫痫 960例 ,其中家族中有 2个或 2个以上发病者 46例 ,对其中 7个家族 4个世代 ,3 9个家族 3个世代共 62 9人进行调查。结果　发病 12 9例 ,男74,女 5 5例 ,一级亲属发病 84例 ,占发病总数 2 9.46%,占本级亲属总数的 18.91%;二级亲属发病 3 1例 ,占发病总数的2 4.0 3 %,占本级亲属总数的 9.45 %,三级亲属发病 14例 ,占发病总数的 10 .85 %,占本级亲属总数的 2 .40 %。结论　癫痫存在遗传倾向 ,血缘关系越近发病率越高 ,其遗传方式为多基因遗传     

心血瘀阻证遗传倾向的调查分析

目的分析冠心病、高血压病、糖尿病性心脏病心血瘀阻证的遗传倾向。方法运用家系分析法对 5 4例心血瘀阻证患者和 5 4例健康人的家族进行了遗传分析 ,检测一级亲属发病率、遗传率 ,及 3种父母婚配类型子女发病的相对危险度 (RR)及其 95 %可信区间 ( 95 %CI)。结果心血瘀阻证患者的一级亲属发病率为 7.62 %,健康对照组为 0 .95 %,两组比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;心血瘀阻证的遗传率为 ( 67.4±6.89) %;以“双亲均正常”组为对照 ,“亲代一方患病”组的RR值为 3 .46,“亲代双方患病”组的RR值为 5 .84,提示子女患心血瘀阻证与亲代双方患病有因果关系。结论心血瘀阻证可能是一种具有遗传倾向的“多基因证”。     

乌鲁木齐石化地区2型糖尿病家庭聚集性的研究

随着人民生活水平的提高，生活方式及饮食习惯的改变。糖尿病的发病人数呈逐年上升趋势；而2型糖尿病血缘亲属中发生2例及2例以上病例的家系并不少见，提示2型糖尿病发生中遗传因素起着一定的作用。但有关遗传因素在2型糖尿病发生发展中所起的程度及相对危险度的大小，报道较少。乌鲁木齐石化地区人群集中，病员固定，为此我们进行了以人群为基础的2型糖尿病遗传流行病学研究，探讨乌石化地区2型糖尿病发病有无家庭聚集性倾向。     

精神分裂症遗传方式研究

用分离分析和多基因阈值模式对６７例精神分裂症家系进行了研究。结果显示，本组资料不符合单基因传递规律，而是一种多基因遗传病。先证者一、二级亲属加权平均遗传度为（７８±５）％，提示精神分裂症的发病以遗传因素为主，环境因素也起一定作用。     

精神分裂症遗传方式研究

用分离分析和多基因阈值模式对６７例精神分裂症家系进行了研究。结果显示，本组资料不符合单基因传递规律，而是一种多基因遗传病。先证一、二级亲属加权平均遗传度为（７８±５）％，提示精神分裂症的发病以遗传因素为主，环境因素也起一定作用。     

药物治疗支气管哮喘病

1 病因 支气管哮喘的病因较为复杂,大多认为是一种多基因遗传病.受遗传和环境因素的双重影响. 1.1 遗传因素支气管哮喘存在家族聚集现象,研究发现单卵双生子的哮喘发病一致率明显高于双卵双生子.调查资料表明其 I级亲属中哮喘发病率大约相当于当地一般人群发病率的平方根,哮喘患者亲属发病率明显高于群体发病率,亲缘关系越近,发病率越高.     

胃癌遗传流行病学病例对照研究

目的：通过遗传流行病学病例对照研究，揭示胃癌发病与遗传因素的关系。方法：采用整群抽样的方法，对金坛市1998年5月1日至1999年4月30日发生的全部101例胃癌病例和按年龄、性别1：1匹配的对照，进行分离比、遗传度估算和配比病例对照研究。结果：病例组一级亲属总的患病率为4．81％，高于对照组的3．02％，但统计学检验无显差异；分离比为0．0057％，明显低于0．25％，表明胃癌属多基因遗传方式；遗传度估算显示，该病一级亲属中，遗传度为18．6％，女性（23．0％）明显高于男性（18．8％）。结论：在胃癌的病因中，遗传因素起一定作用，且为多基因遗传疾病。     

哮喘有遗传因素

哮喘病儿虽然发病年龄早晚不一,病情轻重各不相同,却有大致相似的遗传因素。 一、过敏体质 哮喘有一定的遗传倾向。如果调查哮喘病儿家族过敏史,则哮喘、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎等疾病发病较一般群体为高,亲属患病率可以高达20％～50％。对数千例患儿及其亲属流行病学调查,并按外源性和内源性哮喘进行分组,结果表明,外源性哮喘属多基因遗传(多因素,非单一染色体密码),内源性     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.