三个品系小鼠流感病毒气溶胶感染模型的比较

[摘要] 目的 通过气雾攻击产生气溶胶的感染方式对三个品系的小鼠分别进行感染,比较三个品系小鼠在感染过程中的感染差异,从而对三个品系小鼠流感模型的特点进行分析,为流感发病机制的研究及疫苗和药物的开发选择合适的感染模型提供参考。方法 选用A/Puerto Rico/8/34（H1N1）病毒株,采用气雾攻击的方法感染近交系C57BL/6、BALB/c和远交群 ICR三个品系的小鼠,每日称小鼠体重,肉眼观察小鼠状态,分别于感染后3d,7d,14d处死小鼠,取肺脏称其湿重,进行肺脏的病毒测定及病理观察。结果 三个品系小鼠均可感染,其中C57BL/6小鼠的存活率低于其他两个品系,3d 的肺指数和病毒载量均明显高于ICR小鼠（P<0.05),镜下病理结果显示较其他两个品系也更明显。BALB/c小鼠与其他两个品系小鼠相比,体重在后期的恢复最慢,存活率比 C57BL/6高但比ICR低;肺指数和病毒载量与其他两个品系相比没有显著差异;镜下病理改变相似,但弱于C57BL/6强于ICR。ICR小鼠的发病进程与其他两个品系小鼠基本相似,但体重、存活率、肺指数、病毒载量及镜下病理改变等指标均弱于其他两个品系。结论 三个品系小鼠均可建立流感气溶胶模型,但感染后的三个模型各有特点,在实验中可以根据不同的研究目的来选用合适的小鼠品系建立模型。     

人季节性H1N1流感病毒小鼠感染模型的建立

目的制备人季节性H1N1流感病毒的小鼠感染模型,为研究流感病毒致病性、研发抗病毒药物提供模型动物。方法将人季节性H1N1流感病毒在鸡胚尿囊腔扩增后,滴鼻接种小鼠,4 d后将小鼠处死,挑选感染体征严重者进行实时荧光PCR(FQ-PCR)检测肺中的流感病毒,将检测阳性的肺上清在鸡胚尿囊腔扩增,接种于下一代小鼠。比较各代小鼠对流感病毒的适应情况,直至小鼠出现明显的感染体征,取肺研磨制成匀浆,获得流感病毒鼠肺适应株并检测其半数致死量(LD50)。将10 LD50的病毒液接种于小鼠,建立人季节性H1N1流感病毒的小鼠感染模型,观察模型小鼠的一般活动状态、体质量变化、肺部病变,HE染色观察肺部病理切片,计算肺指数,FQ-PCR检测病毒RNA。结果人季节性流感病毒在小鼠体内传代4次后,鼠肺适应株制备完成,其经鼻的LD50为10-2.41/0.05 mL。人季节性流感病毒的小鼠感染模型,一般状态差,体质量明显减轻,肺指数增大,70%出现死亡。病理切片观察病变明显,FQ-PCR显示流感病毒阳性。结论成功建立了人季节性H1N1流感病毒的小鼠感染模型。     

板蓝根颗粒对甲型流感病毒小鼠的作用

目的测定板蓝根颗粒抗流感病毒的药效作用。方法 A/California/7/2009(CA7)病毒滴鼻感染BALB/c小鼠观察14d,观察板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的保护作用,计算小鼠存活率、存活天数以及延长生命率。感染的小鼠第5天每组小鼠处死一半,取肺组织,观察板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠肺组织的保护作用。结果板蓝根可明显延长甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的存活天数并提高存活率,病理结果显示板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的小鼠的肺组织有一定程度的保护作用,与模型组比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论板蓝根颗粒对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的小鼠有较好的保护作用。     

H5N1流感病毒不同途径接种BALB/c小鼠临床病理学比较

目的 比较BALB/c小鼠不同途径接种H5N1流感病毒产生的临床和病理学变化.方法 利用1株鹅源性H5N1流感病毒通过鼻腔、静脉和脑内等方式接种BALB/c小鼠,观察小鼠在接种后7 d内的临床症状和病理变化.结果 接种1 d后,小鼠出现明显的临床症状,接种2 d后开始出现死亡,接种5 d后,临床症状明显恢复.组织病理学检查显示,小鼠不同途径接种H5N1流感病毒后,所产生的主要病变相似,且病毒最先到达的器官损伤相对严重.从病程进展来看,接种后2 d各组织器官的病变最严重,随着时间增长,肺脏和肾脏等器官的病变有不同程度的恢复,心脏和肝脏等器官的病变在感染过程中未见明显恢复.结论 小鼠不同途径接种H5N1流感病毒后引发相似的症状,病毒最先到达的器官损伤相对严重.     

银翘柴桂汤抗甲型流感病毒作用的实验研究

目的 观察甲型流感病毒FM1感染小鼠体内流感病毒复制量的不同,研究中药复方银翘柴桂汤体内抗甲型流感病毒的作用.方法 NIH小鼠分为正常对照组、病毒模型组、利巴韦林组及银翘柴桂汤组,除空白对照组外,将甲型流感病毒FM1稀释液滴鼻感染各组小鼠,建立流感病毒感染模型.病毒感染前1 d及感染后4 d,银翘柴桂汤组及利巴韦林组分别灌胃银翘柴桂汤和利巴韦林,病毒感染后第5天处死小鼠,解剖,提取肺组织总RNA,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法测定小鼠肺组织流感病毒复制量.结果 正常对照组无扩增曲线,Ct>30,流感病毒病原体检测阴性;银翘柴桂汤组、利巴韦林组及病毒模型组扩增曲线Ct分别为19.49±1.40、21.02±4.25、15.80±4.18,流感病毒病原体检测阳性.与病毒模型组病毒复制量(128 973.40±18.14)相比,利巴韦林组病毒复制量(33 327.29±19.56)降低,有显著差异性(P<0.05);银翘柴桂汤组病毒复制量(79 104.28±2.52)降低,有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 建立的流感病毒感染模型可靠,银翘柴桂汤对流感病毒感染小鼠肺内流感病毒增殖具有明显抑制作用,有抗流感病毒作用.     

银芩抗感微丸对流感病毒PR8株感染小鼠的治疗作用

目的:研究银芩抗感微丸对甲型H1N1流感病毒PR8株感染小鼠的治疗作用。方法:在滴鼻感染正常小鼠建立流感病毒肺感染模型的基础上,检测小鼠的肺指数与肺病毒载量。结果:银芩抗感微丸各剂量组均可明显降低甲型H1N1流感病毒PR8株感染小鼠的肺指数与肺病毒载量。结论:银芩抗感微丸对甲型H1N1流感病毒PR8株感染小鼠具有一定的治疗和保护作用。     

毒热平注射液抗流感病毒肺损伤机制的研究

目的 研究毒热平注射液对流感病毒感染小鼠肺损伤的治疗机制.方法 用流感病毒亚甲型鼠肺适应株A/FM/1/47(H1N1)感染小鼠,建立小鼠流感病毒性肺炎的生物模型,用不同浓度毒热平注射液治疗后,观察流感病毒感染小鼠肺脏病理变化;Griess法检测肺匀浆NO含量;ELJSA方法测定肺匀浆中IL-1和TNF-α的水平.结果 毒热平注射液各剂量组均能明显减轻肺脏病变;显著降低肺匀浆NO含量(P<0.001);各剂量组小鼠肺匀浆的IL-l和TNS-α含量显著下降.结论 毒热平注射液可通过降低流感病毒感染小鼠肺组织炎症因子表达而发挥保护作用.     

L-ficolin对A型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的保护作用

目的:探讨L-ficolin分子与A型H1N1流感病毒的相互作用机制。方法:将pcDNA3.1-L-ficolin真核表达质粒以及对照质粒分别肌注小鼠后感染A型H1N1流感病毒,观察感染小鼠的体重变化、肺内病毒血凝滴度,并通过肺指数以及肺组织HE染色判断感染小鼠的肺部病变情况,ELISA检测肺组织IFN-γ和IL-4的水平。结果:A型H1N1流感病毒感染后,与对照组相比,注射了pcDNA3.1-L-ficolin质粒的小鼠体重无明显下降,肺内病毒血凝滴度较低,肺组织病变较轻,并且肺内IFN-γ和IL-4的水平增高。结论:pcDNA3.1-L-ficolin对小鼠抵御A型H1N1流感病毒感染有一定的保护作用,该质粒可作为抗流感病毒的新型候选制剂。     

不同品系小鼠感染甲型流感病毒肺小血管内血栓形成

目的本实验旨在观察不同品系小鼠感染甲型流感病毒后肺组织内血栓形成的情况。方法使用H1N1病毒A/California/7/2009(CA7)株和H3N2病毒A/Brisbane/10/07株,对BALB/C小鼠、Scid小鼠、NOD/LTJ小鼠、BALB/C-nu小鼠、NOD-Scid小鼠和icosl-KO小鼠经乙醚麻醉后进行滴鼻攻毒。检测小鼠感染后肺组织病毒拷贝数并观察肺组织病理学改变。结果 H1N1和H3N2滴鼻攻毒的各组小鼠均染毒,病理表现为程度略有差异的间质性肺炎。13只H1N1病毒感染小鼠和6只H3N2感染小鼠在肺组织中观察到多个小血管内有血栓形成,血栓成分主要为纤维素和血小板。结论各品系小鼠感染H1N1和H3N2流感病毒后均可能出现肺组织内血栓形成。     

疏风解毒胶囊防治流感体内药效学实验研究

目的评价疏风解毒胶囊在体内对H1N1流感病毒感染的防治作用。方法本研究中采用甲型H1N1流感病毒FM1和PR8株滴鼻感染正常小鼠造成肺炎模型,分别进行治疗性和预防性给药,观察小鼠肺指数、病死率。结果①感染当天开始给予疏风解毒胶囊治疗,连续4 d后3个剂量组肺指数均明显降低;②预防性给予疏风解毒胶囊连续4 d,对两种病毒感染正常小鼠引起的肺部炎症有明显预防作用。③感染前预防性给予疏风解毒胶囊4 d,FM1株三个剂量组动物的死亡数均显著降低。结论疏风解毒胶囊可改善流感病毒引起的小鼠肺炎症状,降低H1N1感染小鼠的肺指数,对病毒性感冒有较好的治疗和预防作用;并可明显降低感染动物的死亡率,延长评价存活天数。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…