中低温停循环经下腔静脉逆灌对猪肠系膜微循环的影响

目的 观察中低温下半身停循环时经下腔静脉(IVC)逆行灌注方法对猪肠系膜微循环变化的影响.方法 选择健康小型猪20只,随机分为A、B两组(n=10).两组均在体外循环(ECC)下肛温降到28℃时停循环60 min,同时经右无名动脉行顺灌脑保护.A组单纯下半身停循环.B组停循环同时联合经IVC逆灌行腹腔脏器保护,灌注压力...     

间歇性增加脑部逆灌压对深低温停循环脑保护的实验研究

目的探讨间歇性增加脑部逆灌压对深低温停循环脑保护的作用。方法 15头山羊随机分为深低温停循环组(A组,N=5)、深低温低压逆灌组(L组,N=5)和深低温间歇性高压逆灌组(H组,N=5)。3组动物均经历深低温(15℃～18℃)停循环2 h,期间A组没有脑部逆行灌注,L组和H组经上腔静脉逆行灌注,L组逆灌压控制在20～25 mmHg,H组基础逆灌压为20～25mmHg,每隔10 min用40～45 mmHg的逆灌压灌注5 min,随后恢复至基础逆灌压。分别在体外循环前,深低温停循环前,复温开始,体外循环结束时记录平均动脉压、脑脊液压力和静脉血气值。用眼底镜观察羊的视网膜动静脉充盈情况。留取脑脊液标本,检测S-100含量。结果 3组转流过程中平均动脉压、脑脊液压力、颈静脉血氧饱和度没有显著性差异。3组颈静脉血乳酸值含量总体差异显著,H组低于L组和A组(P0.05)。配对t检验显示A组和L组体外循环结束后S-100含量明显高于体外循环前水平(P0.05),但是H组没有显著性变化。A组眼底视网膜血管没有血流,L组视网膜血管不充盈,H组在高流量灌注时视网膜血管充盈。结论间歇性增加脑逆灌压能够增加深低温停循环期间脑组织灌注,减少无氧代谢,对脑组织有保护作用。     

深低温停循环在主动脉手术中应用-30例报告

目的总结应用深低温停循环技术的主动脉手术30例,探讨深低温停循环中脑保护的方式.方法选取应用深低温停循环的主动脉手术患者30例,标准全身麻醉,降至鼻咽温12～13℃,直肠温17～18℃后,停止循环,恢复循环后,循序升温至鼻咽温37℃、直肠温35℃左右脱离体外循环.其中应用腋动脉顺灌10例,上腔静脉逆灌1例.结果停循环时间8～86(47.6±25.8)min.自动复跳19例,复跳率63%.上腔静脉逆灌1例,时间为26min.腋动脉顺灌10例,时间为35～53(44.2±7.9)min.全部患者无手术死亡,7例患者出现较明显术后并发症,其中神经系统症状3例,肾功能不全1例,声音嘶哑3例,其余患者均于术后24h内清醒.结论深低温停循环是大血管手术的重要辅助手段,其间脑保护方式多种多样各有利弊,其具体的选择和管理等问题尚有待进一步的探讨和研究.     

双侧顺行与上腔逆行脑灌注在A型主动脉夹层中应用效果对比的临床研究

目的深低温停循环(DHCA)的同时顺行或逆行脑灌注,是一种行之有效的脑保护方法。在这个回顾性研究中,我们比较顺行、逆行两种方法的临床疗效。方法从2008年10月～2011年1月,63例患者行Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术,均在深低温停循环下行全弓置换。其中选择双侧顺行脑灌注的A组病人54例,B组采用上腔静脉逆灌(RCP)脑保护的病人9例。结果 B组与A组比较在手术时间、体外循环时间、心肌阻断时间、脑灌注时间差异不明显,而B组短暂脑神经功能障碍发生率、拔管时间、ICU滞留时间、住院时间有所增加。结论顺行脑灌注较上腔逆灌降低短暂脑神经功能障碍发生率从而拔管早,缩短ICU及住院时间。     

不同心肌保护方法对双瓣膜置换术心肌氧摄取率的影响

目的了解不同心肌保护方式对二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换手术心肌氧摄取率的影响.方法 24例患者随机分为3组,每组8例.①顺行灌注组:先经主动脉根部间断灌注冷血心脏麻痹液,完成二尖瓣置换,再斜行切开主动脉,直接经左、右冠状动脉开口灌注心脏麻痹液,完成主动脉瓣置换术. ②逆行灌注组:经冠状静脉窦间断逆行灌注冷血心脏麻痹液,依次完成二尖瓣置换和主动脉瓣置换术. ③顺灌加逆灌注组:先按顺行灌注方法完成二尖瓣置换,再采用逆灌方法完成主动脉瓣置换术.观察3组患者心肌氧摄取率、乳酸的变化.结果 24例患者无手术死亡,均痊愈出院.阻断主动脉期间心肌氧摄取率均降低,3组间无显著性差异;开放主动脉后10 min心肌氧摄取率仍低于阻断主动脉前,逆行灌注组降低更明显.阻断主动脉和开放主动脉10 min 3组各时相点动脉血和冠脉回流血乳酸含量均较阻断主动脉前明显升高,而冠脉回流血乳酸含量又较动脉血含量高.逆灌组阻断主动脉80 min和开放主动脉10 min动脉血和冠脉回流血液乳酸浓度均高于顺灌组,开放主动脉10 min时则高于顺灌加逆灌组.结论双瓣膜置换手术中顺行灌注或顺灌加逆灌注冷血心脏麻痹液的心肌保护效果较好.     

离体兔心脏经冠状静脉窦温血逆灌不停跳模型的建立

目的　探索建立离体兔心脏逆灌不停跳模型。方法　健康成年家兔 8只 ,根据兔心脏冠状静脉窦的解剖结构 ,选择合适的静脉窦插管 ,逆灌压 4 9kPa ,逆灌流量 3ml min。顺灌左心做功 15min ,转为逆灌心脏空搏 12 0min ,恢复顺灌左心做功 60min ,观察逆灌前后心功能恢复 ;评价逆灌期间心率、主动脉排出量、肺动脉排出量的稳定性 ;行逆灌液和排出液血气分析。结果　逆灌后恢复顺灌左心做功 ,第 10min时心功能与逆灌前相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,第 60min时心功能与逆灌前相比显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;逆灌各时相点间心率无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,逆灌流量、主动脉排出量、肺动脉排出量无显著变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ;主动脉排出液为暗红色静脉血 ,肺动脉排出液为混合血。结论　建立了离体兔心脏逆灌不停跳模型 ,逆灌后心功能恢复率较高     

间歇性增加脑部逆灌压对深低温停循环脑保护的研究

目的探讨间歇性增加脑部逆灌压对深低温停循环脑保护的作用。方法 15头山羊随机分为深低温停循环组（A组,N=5）、深低温低压逆灌组（L组,N=5）和深低温间歇性高压逆灌组（H组,N=5）。三组动物均经历深低温（15-18℃）停循环2 h,期间A组未行脑部逆行灌注,L组和H组经上腔静脉逆行灌注,L组逆灌压控制在20-25 mm Hg,H组基础逆灌压为20-25 mm Hg,每隔10 min用40-45 mm Hg的逆灌压灌注5 min,随后恢复至基础逆灌压。分别在体外循环前,深低温停循环前,复温开始,体外循环结束时记录平均动脉压、脑脊液压力和静脉血气值。用眼底镜观察羊的视网膜动静脉充盈情况。留取脑脊液标本,检测S-100含量。结果三组转流过程中平均动脉压、脑脊液压力、颈静脉血氧饱和度没有显著差异。三组颈静脉血乳酸值含量总体差异显著,H组低于L组和A组（P〈0.05）。配对t检验显示A组和L组体外循环结束后S-100含量明显高于体外循环前水平（P〈0.05）,但是H组没有显著变化。A组眼底视网膜血管没有血流,L组视网膜血管不充盈,H组在高流量灌注时视网膜血管充盈。结论间歇性增加脑逆灌压能够增加深低温停循环期间脑组织灌注,减少无氧代谢,对脑组织有保护作用。     

经下腔静脉逆灌注含氧自体稀释血对中低温停循环猪血清及肝肾MDA、SOD的影响

目的探讨中低温停循环时经下腔静脉逆行灌注对猪血清及肝、肾组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性的影响。方法选择健康小型猪20只,随机分为2组,每组10只。A组(对照组)给予中低温停循环90 min,B组(实验组)给予中低温停循环联合经下腔静脉逆行灌注90 min。检测逆灌注前(T1)、停循环1h(T2)及复灌1 h(T3)、3 h(T4)、5 h(T5)血清及肝、肾组织内MDA含量及SOD活性。结果血清及肝肾组织内MDA、SOD在T1时间点两组差异无统计学意义。在T3～T5时间点两组血清MDA含量均升高,SOD活性均下降,但B组变化幅度低于A组(P<0.05)。A组在T2～T5时间点肝、肾组织内MDA含量高于B组,而SOD活性低于B组(P<0.05)。结论经下腔静脉逆灌注含氧自体稀释血能部分改善中低温停循环猪肝、肾器官缺血再灌注损伤,对肝肾功能具有一定的保护作用。     

应用深低温停循环逆行全身灌注技术手术治疗降主动脉瘤

目的：探讨应用深低温停循环逆行全身灌注技术（DHCA＋TBRP）手术治疗降主动脉瘤（DAA）的效果。方法：对3例DAA患者应用DHCA技术，在停循环期间行右房管逆行全身灌注，维持CVP20－25mmHg(2.7-3.3kPa)。结果：1例急性DAA行近端降主动脉置换，1例行全胸降主动脉置换，1例行全胸降主动脉置换和肋间血管移植。脊髓缺血时间为50－69min，全身逆灌时间24－27min。术后恢复顺利，无并发症。结论：DHCA＋TBRP技术对脑、肾、肝等均有一定的保护作用，对防止脊髓缺血损伤也有一定作用。     

逆行灌注心脏不停跳术对白介素-10、心肌肌钙蛋白T的影响

目的:探讨逆行灌注心脏不停跳手术对白介素-10(IL-10)及心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)的影响.方法:风湿性心脏病主动脉瓣病变患者40例,随机分为实验组20例(逆行灌注心脏不停跳组)和对照组20例(中低温心脏停跳组).实验组在浅低温[(32±1)℃]体外循环、冠状静脉窦持续逆行灌注、心脏跳动中手术;对照组经冠状静脉窦逆灌冷晶体停搏液、中度低温[(28～30)℃]体外循环下手术.分别于手术前、主动脉阻断即刻、主动脉阻断15 min、主动脉开放15 min、主动脉开放1 h、主动脉开放2 h、主动脉开放4 h、主动脉开放24 h采集血液标本,检测两组各个时点血浆IL-10、cTnT水平.结果:①IL-10在主动脉阻断15 min两组都明显升高(P<0.01);但在主动脉开放15 min后各时点实验组升高明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).②cTnT在主动脉开放15 min两组都明显升高(P<0.01);但在主动脉开放15 min后各时点实验组升高明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论:逆行灌注心脏不停跳手术能增加IL-10释放,减少cTnT释放,从而可减轻体外循环术后全身炎性反应及心肌的损伤.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…