淫羊藿对大鼠下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺—胸腺轴抑制模型的影响

本研究用皮质酮造成大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺-胸腺(HPAT)轴抑制模型,观察补肾助阳要药淫羊藿对受抑大鼠的调节作用。结果表明,模型大鼠垂体、肾上腺、胸腺重量明显减轻;下丘脑室旁核小细胞区促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)阳性细胞及正中隆起CRF阳性神经纤维及垂体前叶促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)阳性细胞明显减少,胞体变小,染色变淡,肾上腺及胸腺小体明显减少;血浆ACTH、皮质酮以及淋巴细胞增殖反应、自然杀伤细胞活性(NKCC)、γ-干扰素(γ-IFN)诱生能力较正常组明显降低。淫羊藿灌胃能有效改善皮质酮对HPAT轴形态与功能的抑制。提示淫羊藿对神经内分泌免疫的调节起了重要作用。     

雷公藤与强的松药理作用的互补性

探讨雷公藤与强的松对大鼠下丘脑－－垂体－－肾上腺轴的影响。用完全弗氏佐剂发大鼠佐剂性关节炎，检测血浆促肾上腺皮质激素，皮质醇水平及肾上腺病理学改变。雷公藤组血浆ＡＣＴＨ、皮质醇水平较正常组升高，肾上腺重量增加，肾上腺皮质增厚，强的松组血浆ＡＣＴＨ、皮质醇水平降低，肾上腺皮质萎缩，交替组血浆ＡＣＴＨ皮质醇水平交正常组无明显改变。雷公藤可通过兴奋下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺轴发挥抗炎作用；雷公藤与强的松药理作     

补肾健脾活血三类复方对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺-胸腺轴及CRF基因表达的影响

为从分子水平来阐明药物对肾阳虚证的主要调节点。采用逆转录多聚酶链反应化学发光定量法、放射免疫及细胞免疫技术，观察补肾，健脾，活血三类复方分别对下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺－胸腺轴受抑制模型的下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子ｍＲＮＡ表达，神经内分泌和免疫功能的影响。     

加味四逆散对慢性轻度不可预计性心理应激模型大鼠神经内分泌免疫网络调控作用的研究

目的:观察慢性心理应激对模型大鼠神经内分泌免疫(NIM)网络的影响以及加味四逆散的调治作用。方法:大鼠随机分为6组:雌性正常组,雌性模型组,雌性加味四逆散组,雄性正常组,雄性模型组,雄性加味四逆散组。建立慢性轻度不可预计性心理应激模型,采用放射免疫方法检测大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、血清肾上腺酮(CORT)和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)含量,观察肾上腺/胸腺器官形态学改变,流式细胞仪计数外周血T淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+。结果:慢性心理应激大鼠下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质(HPA)轴功能亢进,免疫功能受到抑制。加味四逆散可调节慢性心理应激大鼠HPA轴的兴奋性,改善慢性心理应激大鼠免疫功能改变。结论:慢性轻度不可预计性心理应激模型大鼠NIM网络功能发生异常改变,而加味四逆散对其具有一定的调治作用。     

仙灵脾减轻外源性糖皮质激素抑制神经内分泌免疫作用的临床与实验研究

目的：研究仙灵脾对外源性糖皮质激素抑制下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺－胸腺（ＨＰＡＴ）轴作用的保护效应。方法：临床选择需用强的松治疗的患者６５例，随机分为复方强的松组（强的松与仙灵脾合方）与强的松组，观察用药前后皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）及淋巴细胞增殖反应的变化；动物实验用皮质酮皮下注射造成大鼠 ＨＰＡＴ轴抑制模型，观察仙灵脾对 ＨＰＡＴ轴相关指标的影响。结果：血浆 ＡＣＴＨ、皮质醇和淋巴细胞增殖反应两组患者治疗前均无明显差异，治疗后强的松组明显下降，复方强的松组明显上升（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）。实验动物表现为下丘脑单胺类递质被激活；垂体、肾上腺、胸腺重量减轻；室旁核、正中隆起 ＣＲＨ神经细胞与神经纤维减少，肾上腺束状带与胸腺皮质萎缩；自然杀伤细胞细胞毒活性及淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２、γ－干扰素水平降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；仙灵脾组上述各项指标较皮质酮组明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：仙灵脾具有减轻外源性糖皮质激素副作用的神经内分泌免疫学效应。     

仙灵脾减轻外源性糖皮质激素抑制神经内分泌免疫作用的临床与实验研究

目的：研究仙灵脾对外源性糖皮质激素抑制下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺－胸腺（ＨＰＡＴ）轴作用的保护效应。方法：临床选择需用强的松治疗的患者６５例，随机分为复方强的松组（强的松与仙灵脾合方）与强的松组，观察用药前后皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）及淋巴细胞增殖反应的变化；动物实验用皮质酮皮下注射造成大鼠 ＨＰＡＴ轴抑制模型，观察仙灵脾对 ＨＰＡＴ轴相关指标的影响。结果：血浆 ＡＣＴＨ、皮质醇和淋巴细胞增殖反应两组患者治疗前均无明显差异，治疗后强的松组明显下降，复方强的松组明显上升（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）。实验动物表现为下丘脑单胺类递质被激活；垂体、肾上腺、胸腺重量减轻；室旁核、正中隆起 ＣＲＨ神经细胞与神经纤维减少，肾上腺束状带与胸腺皮质萎缩；自然杀伤细胞细胞毒活性及淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２、γ－干扰素水平降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；仙灵脾组上述各项指标较皮质酮组明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：仙灵脾具有减轻外源性糖皮质激素副作用的神经内分泌免疫学效应。     

针灸调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的研究进展

针灸可以通过促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇以及免疫细胞因子等物质来调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的功能,进而调节机体的特质代谢和内分泌、免疫功能。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴是神经、内分泌、免疫三大系统协同作用的主要物质基础之一,因此临床研究很多,但在其作用机理方面应进一步深入探讨。     

探讨阴中求阳与阳中求阴对谷氨酸单钠大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺-胸腺轴的影响

目的：研究弓状核（ＡＲＣ）毁坏后下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺－胸腺（ＨＰＡＴ）轴的变化以及与肾阴肾阳的内在联系。方法：给出生后（第２、４、６、８、１０天）大鼠每天皮下注射左旋谷氨酸单钠（ＭＳＧ）４ｍｇ／ｇ损毁下丘脑ＡＲＣ，成年后分别以左归丸与右归饮灌胃（每天５ｇ／ｋｇ）。结果：ＭＳＧ大鼠下丘脑室旁核促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（ＣＲＨ）阳性细胞及垂体前叶促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）分泌细胞数量明显多于生理盐水组，染色较深；肾上腺束状带紊乱不齐细胞数量增多，血窦扩张充血明显；胸腺萎缩，淋巴细胞增殖反应明显低于生理盐水组；血浆皮质酮及血浆ＡＣＴＨ和下丘脑ＣＲＨ等浓度高于生理盐水组。左归丸组上述病理生理变化得到明显改善，右归饮则无此作用。结论：ＨＰＡ轴功能亢进伴细胞免疫功能低下的病理生理过程可能属肾阴虚证范畴。     

补肾益气药调节哮喘大鼠下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴及白细胞介素-6功能紊乱的实验研究

目的 观察补肾益气药对支气管哮喘（以下简称哮喘）大鼠模型神经内分泌免疫（neuro endocrine immune,NEI）网络若干组分的影响。方法 取健康清洁级雄性挪威（Brown Norway,BN）大鼠40只,大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、哮喘模型组、复方低剂量组（0.25 g/mL）、复方中剂量组（0.5 g/mL）和复方高剂量组（0.75 g/mL）,以卵白蛋白（OVA）致敏并长期吸入激发制备大鼠反复发作哮喘模型。采用放射免疫法测定血浆中促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）含量;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法检测血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、皮质酮（CORT）水平;采用实时定量 聚合酶链反应（Realtime PCR）法测定下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）mRNA 表达水平。结果 哮喘模型组病理学显示呈嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症。哮喘反复发作时,大鼠下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺（hypothalamic pituitary adrenal,HPA）轴多水平紊乱,补肾益气药可使ACTH、下丘脑CRHmRNA水平明显升高,与哮喘模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;CORT有升高倾向;哮喘时IL-6升高,且与ACTH呈显著负相关（r=－0.325,P=0.043）,而用补肾益气药治疗后IL-6水平有所下降。结论 补肾益气药可以改善大鼠HPA 轴功能,这种作用不依赖IL 6,提示补肾益气药的上述作用靶点在神经内分泌轴,可能是下丘脑。     

Effects of Electro-acupuncture on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Index and Corticotropin Releasing Hormone mRNA Expression of Rats with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

目的观察电针对慢性疲劳大鼠模型下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺指数及下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)mRNA表达的影响,从神经内分泌角度探讨电针治疗慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)的作用机制.方法模型组与电针组采用强制性冷水游泳的方法制作CFS大鼠模型,电针组在造模的同时在百会、足三里穴给予电针治疗.通过行为学检测对模型进行判定;采用称量法计算下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺指数;荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测CRHmRNA含量.结果模型组大鼠行为出现改变,产生了心理和躯体的疲劳状态.CFS大鼠下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺指数升高,下丘脑CRHmRNA的表达上升,经电针治疗后,其心理和躯体疲劳状态明显改善,肾上腺指数降低,下丘脑CRHmRNA的表达下降.结论CFS与下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺指数及下丘脑CRHmRNA表达上调关系密切.电针可能通过下调体内下丘脑CRHmRNA的表达及降低肾上腺指数,以纠正异常的HPA轴功能来治疗CFS.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用

目的::研究七味红花殊胜敬对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用.方法:在大鼠肝缺血再灌注模型上,观察七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤引起的血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化.结果:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠血清MDA、SOD、GSH与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),NO含量与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05).结论:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠急性缺血再灌注肝损伤具有保护作用.     

Methodology of Canine/Feline YNSA and Tail Acupuncture

BackgroundYamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is a well-known acupuncture system for human patients which was developed by Dr. Yamamoto.ObjectiveMy aim was to transpose the human YNSA map onto canines and felines.MethodI started researching a canine/feline YNSA map in 2002. I investigated approximately 3,000 canines and felines for YNSA and 2,500 for Tail Acupuncture. The ratio of canines and felines was 6 to 4. I researched and found all the equivalent points by palpating animal patients on the basis of an exact Neck Diagnosis.ResultsI nearly completed the map in 2006. The points in the occipital region are incomplete and my research is still in progress. In the process of researching canine/feline YNSA points, I accidentally found the other microsystems around the tail and named it “Tail Acupuncture”.ConclusionsYNSA and Tail Acupuncture are acupuncture systems utilizing microsystems and support each other in canines and felines. The merits of YNSA and Tail Acupuncture are 1) immediate effects, such as in cases of lameness, 2) simplicity in finding the exact points to treat and 3) the scalp and the tail can be utilized separately or together as treatment zones, according to the situation.     

Chinesische Orthopädie: Teil 1: Die Zukunft der Akupunktur in der Postmoderne

The locomotor system is one of the major fields of application for acupuncture. The results of the large acupuncture studies funded by German Health Insurances from 2000 until 2006 are impressive and repressive: they restrict acupuncture application by allocation of reimbursement and create the necessity of reorientation, since acupuncture can neither be adequately described nor prescribed solely on the basis of disease entities. Regarding these disease entities, it seems rather necessary to analyse the layers of problems and formulate a hierarchy of therapeutic goals instead. Only in this way the effects of acupuncture, related techniques and further therapeutic modalities can be matched with the set of objectives. The article presents general principles and follows their application from biological aspects to implications for the locomotor system and consequences for the application of physical therapy. The manual of acupuncture focuses on therapeutic effects and objectives first, and then goes on to sketch simple therapeutic strategies and finally complex approaches within acupuncture. These may encompass acupuncture, microsystem acupuncture and complex therapeutic modes.     

Patientin mit chronisch rezidivierenden Gelenks- und Wirbelsäulenschmerzen

Background

Acupuncture as a regulative therapy is well-suited for the treatment of functional, reversible disorders. Additionally, the WHO recommends its application for pain therapy in cases of arthritis and back pain due to various causes. This case study should clarify which paths to take in the case of a multi-morbid patient suffering from chronic pains due to polyarthrosis.

Objective

Pain reduction and improvement of quality of life as well as improvement of sleep quality.

Methods

Annual treatment series consisting of 10 sessions each, one session per week.

Results

short-term pain reduction before undergoing endoprosthetic surgery; considerable improvement of general status and sleep.

Conclusions

Acupuncture may bring temporal relief in cases of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis and should therefore be applied in combination with western medicine. Acupuncture is particularly well-suited to treat the co-emergent vegetative symptoms.     

Fallbericht: Patientin mit Schlafstörung

Background

Since the onset of her menopause about ten years ago, a sixty-year old patient has been suffering from hot flashes and sleep disorders causing her to become increasingly anxious and nervous. As the patient's mother had died of breast cancer, substitution of hormones was not advisable. Relaxation methods such as Yoga and Autogenic Training could only mildly alleviate the symptoms.

Objective

To effectively treat the sleep disorder, improve quality of life, lessen frequency and severity of hot flashes

Methods

Weekly sessions with ear- and body acupuncture for ten weeks

Results

After the third acupuncture session the patient reported a decrease of nightly waking episodes but suffered from acute pain in the neck as well as shoulder region. After nine therapy sessions, the patient reported a 50% decrease of nightly waking episodes. The hot flashes, however, remained unchanged.

Discussion

In this case, acupuncture significantly improved the patient's sleeping disorder. It also reduced the symptoms of anxiety and nervousness. Other menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and dryness of mucous tissues, could not be influenced.     

常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经内分泌免疫组织基因转录的总体特征

目的揭示常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经-内分泌-免疫组织基因转录的总体特征。方法采用小鼠标准化四诊及辨证方法，及Gene Chip Mouse Exon1．0ST Array等技术，检测H22荷瘤小鼠早期邪毒壅盛（邪毒）和气虚、中期阳气虚、中晚期气阴阳虚等4个常见证候下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤RNA的转录与剪接。结果正常昆明种雄性小鼠下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺RNA电泳的28S峰低于18S，而睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤相反。肿瘤发生的早期，下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺基因表达模式发生显著改变，邪毒尤甚，出现了失代偿。下丘脑28SRNA迅速抬升并持续，气虚强于邪毒。垂体RNA总量降低，28S陡降，邪毒尤甚。肾上腺RNA电泳特征类似垂体，气虚与邪毒相近，中晚期气阴阳虚尤甚。睾丸变化不明显。随着病情发展，脾脏重量持续增加，而胸腺相反，重量持续下降，蛋白合成和糖代谢下降。肿瘤组织蛋白合成与糖代谢，邪毒大于气虚。以上7个组织与正常对照组相比，有9127个基因表达发生差异、51126个外显子剪接发生差异。结论神经-内分泌-免疫网络组织基因转录的差异是荷瘤小鼠不同证候内在重要的物质基础。