长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

乙型肝炎母婴传播影响因素的研究

目的了解深圳市乙型肝炎母婴阻断效果及其影响因素,为制定乙肝防控策略提供科学依据。方法从医院收集2007-2009年HBsAg阳性产妇及其新生儿基本资料,设计统一的调查问卷,采集儿童静脉血2ml,ELISA法检测乙肝表面抗原、表面抗体和核心抗体。结果共调查158例HBsAg阳性产妇,其中乙肝大三阳占35.44%(56/158);孕晚期接种HBIG占22.29%(35/158),婴儿出生后母乳喂养占58.86%(93/158)。158例儿童中出生后乙肝免疫球蛋白接种率90.50%(143/158),乙肝疫苗接种率100%,其中接种5ug乙肝疫苗占97.47%(154/158),接种10ug乙肝疫苗占2.53%(4/158)。检测158名儿童乙肝表面抗原阳性率6.96%(11/158),乙肝表面抗体阳性率56.33%(89/158),乙肝核心抗体阳性率70.25%(111/158)。母亲是否大三阳与乙肝母婴阻断是否成功有关(连续校正χ2=5.538,P=0.019)。结论母婴传播仍然是乙肝重要传播途径,其主要因素影响是母亲乙肝感染状况。     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

大学生生命质量研究工具的敏感性分析

目的 为选择适合大学生的生命质量研究工具,对比不同量表测量的敏感性.方法 用世界卫生组织生存质量评价量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)和36条目简明健康量表(SF-36)对徐州医学院537名大学生进行现场调查,将调查结果与文献对比,并对两量表进行相关分析和敏感分析.结果 调查结果与文献相比互有高低.两量表调查结果差异大,仅WHOQOL-BREF的生理维度和SF-36的精力维度呈中度相关(r=0.540),其他各维度均不相关.WHOQOL-BREF和SF-36分别有7个和24个条目不敏感,分别占26.9%和66.7%.结论 WHOQOL-BREF和SF-36测量大学生生命质量不敏感,我国大学生生命质量专用量表的缺失成为研究瓶颈,当务之急是形成本土化的理论和指标体系.     

我国部分地区人群风疹免疫水平的监测

用血凝抑制（HI）试验对我国部分地区人群风疹免疫水平进行了检测,共检测1～15岁人群5911人,≥16岁女青年2610人．结果表明：1～15岁人群HI抗体平均阳性率为47．1％,其中≤3岁儿童为17.8％;随着年龄的增长人群风疹HI抗体的阳性率呈上升趋势;≥16岁女青年HI抗体的平均阳性率为83．6％．我国目前存在广泛的风疹易感人群,特别是女青年的易感率仍达16．4％．提示实施对婴幼儿及女青年的风疹疫苗免疫,对控制风疹流行、减少先天性风疹综合征的发生,显得十分迫切和必要．     

医学院学生14例癔症分析

目的为了解高校大学生癔症发病情况,以利于做好癔症发作的预防。方法对徐州医学院14例癔症病人发作诱因、临床表现及诊治情况进行回顾性分析。结果具备＂癔症性格特征＂的女大学生易受精神刺激出现心理障碍而发病,且临床症状与体征不符,有复发倾向,暗示治疗有效。结论癔症的起病与精神因素和暗示密切相关,在治疗中暗示疗法同样起着重要作用。应加强女大学生心理健康教育,积极预防癔症发作。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果分析

【目的】 对早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)进行筛查,了解ROP的发病情况及其相关影响因素。 【方法】 对眼科门诊进行ROP筛查的早产儿及低体重儿进行回顾性调查,统计筛查情况。 【结果】 共计筛查239例早产儿、低体重儿,发现ROP患儿15例,发生率为6.28%。BW≤1 500 g、1 500 g2 000 g的ROP的发生率分别为20.59%、8.22%、1.52%,组间ROP发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=17.47,P<0.005);胎龄≤31周、31<胎龄≤34周、胎龄>34周的ROP的发生率分别为29.17%、7.25%、2.06%,组间ROP发生率差异也有统计学意义(χ²=25.96,P<0.005)。分析显示ROP的发生与吸氧有一定的关系。 【结论】 筛查显示ROP的发生率为6.28%,不规范吸氧、出生体重低及胎龄小是ROP形成的相关因素,对于低胎龄或低体重的高危早产儿应定期进行眼底筛查。     

10例肺吸虫病临床分析

目的了解肺吸虫病的临床表现,诊断和鉴别诊断,为临床防治肺吸虫病提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性分析法,对临床收治的10例肺吸虫病人进行统计分析。结果10例肺吸虫病人,男性多于女性,儿童多发。人体感染肺吸虫后,可表现为胸肺型、胸腹混合型、皮肤型、脑型,但因虫体寄生部位不同,临床表现不一。肺吸虫病人白细胞和嗜酸细胞计数升高。肺吸虫病最易误诊的疾病为结核病。结论肺吸虫病的临床表现和体征并不一致,主要与疾病临床分型有关。临床医生应熟悉肺吸虫病防治知识,提高对肺吸虫病的诊断和鉴别诊断能力,防止误诊、误治。     

通过设计发夹RNA抑制HIV病毒NEF基因表达的实验研究

目的 实验研究shRNA能否抑制宿主细胞Hele细胞中NEF基因的表达.方法 给HIV病毒宿主细胞Hele细胞加入预先设计好的4对shRNA,同时设置对照组,提取细胞总RNA和细胞总蛋白,设计NEF和GAPDH的引物,利用SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR检测NEF的基因水平,利用western blotting检测NEF的蛋白水平.结果 定量PCR和Western-blot方法检测显示,NEF-miRNA-1、NEF-miRNA-2、NEF-miRNA-3、NEF-miRNA-4干扰质粒对靶基因mRNA表达都有抑制作用,其中NEF-miRNA-3干扰质粒抑制作用最显,抑制率达87％.结论 可以通过设计shRNA去抑制HIV病毒的复制.     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

心肌致密化不全的研究进展

心肌致密化不全是一种特殊类型的罕见先天性心肌病,是胚胎生长过程中心内膜心肌发育缺陷所造成的,早期诊断和早期治疗有助于改善患者预后。着重介绍该病的病因,发病机制,临床表现,诊断,治疗和预后的研究现状,旨在临床诊断及治疗提供客观依据。     

实施专业技术职务任期制考评体会

为了做好专业技术职务任期制工作，广州总医院开展了专业技术职务任期制试点工作。试点结果表明：做好专业技术职务任期制工作，关键在于发挥政治优势，广泛开展教育，统一思想认识，积极做好配套工作；构建科学评价体系，健全量化考评标准；严格规范考评程序，做到个人申报与组织提名相结合。考试考评和述职答辩相结合，机关审查和评委评审相结合，从而保证考评结果的准确性。     

Mechanism of cytotoxicity of paraquat

Acute paraquat poisoning seems to be very complex because many possible mechanisms of paraquat cytotoxicity have been reported. Some may not be the cause of paraquat poisoning but the result or an accompanying phenomenon of paraquat action. The mechanism critical for cell damage is still unknown. Paraquat poisoning is probably a combination of several paraquat actions. Arguing which mechanism is more critical may not be important, and these clarified mechanisms should be connected and utilized in the development of treatment for paraquat poisoning. Many people still die of pulmonary fibrosis after paraquat exposure. The next target of study will be to verify the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis by paraquat on the basis of the outcome of studies such as this review.     

孕产妇住院时间影响因素分析

目的探讨西安市孕产妇住院时间的影响因素。 方法选择2015年12月至2016年12月,于西安交通大学第一附属医院产科住院分娩或治疗的3 421例孕产妇为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法,采集孕产妇年龄、民族,以及本次妊娠住院时间、住院次数、医疗费用支付方式、分娩方式、就诊季节、手术级别、是否由其他科室转入产科病房、妊娠期并发症、围生儿妊娠结局等临床资料。2组孕产妇住院时间比较,采用成组t检验,3组比较,采用单因素方差分析。采用多重线性逐步回归分析法,对孕产妇住院时间影响因素进行多因素分析。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》的要求。 结果①本研究3 421例孕产妇的住院时间为(6.4±3.0)d,生育年龄为(29.5±3.9)岁,高龄(≥35岁)产妇占11.0%(375/3 421)。②对孕产妇住院时间影响因素的单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄(<35岁与≥35岁),以及本次妊娠住院次数(1次与≥2次),医疗费用支付方式(全自费、新型农村合作医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、城镇职工基本医疗保险),分娩方式(自然分娩、产钳助产、剖宫产术分娩)及手术级别(治疗性操作或未进行手术,一、二、三级手术),是否由其他科室转入产科病房,是否有妊娠期并发症,围生儿妊娠结局为不良与良好孕产妇住院时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(t＝－3.34、－2.24,F＝15.46、268.81、259.68,t＝－7.58、－13.57、－13.82;P<0.05)。③对孕产妇住院时间影响因素进行多重线性逐步回归分析的结果显示,本次妊娠医疗费用支付费方式为全自费(β＝0.08,95%CI：0.01～0.16,P＝0.035)或新型农村合作医疗保险(β＝0.32,95%CI：0.06～0.59,P＝0.018),分娩方式为自然分娩(β＝0.29,95%CI：0.04～0.54,P＝0.026),手术级别为治疗性操作或未进行手术(β＝0.95,95%CI：0.71～1.19,P<0.001)或一级手术(β＝－0.47,95%CI：－0.79～－0.15,P＝0.004),住院次数≥2次(β＝0.26,95%CI：0.01～0.51,P＝0.043),有妊娠期并发症(β＝0.76,95%CI：0.58～0.95,P<0.001),围生儿妊娠结局不良(β＝0.80,95%CI：0.58～1.02,P<0.001),以及由其他科室转入产科病房(β＝6.55,95%CI：4.32～8.77,P<0.001),均为孕产妇住院时间的影响因素。 结论西安市孕产妇住院时间,可能受医疗费用支付方式、分娩方式、手术级别、妊娠期并发症、围生儿妊娠结局、由其他科室转入产科病房等多种因素的影响。临床应当采取针对性措施,缩短孕产妇住院时间,减轻医院负担,提高医疗资源的使用效率。     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.