信阳市157例男男同性恋大学生中艾滋病感染情况调查

目的了解信阳市大学生男男同性恋人群艾滋病防治知识知晓水平、行为特征和艾滋病、性病感染现状,为防治策略的制定提供依据。方法 2011年1月~2015年8月对信阳市大专以上在校学生,近半年有过至少一次男男性行为(肛交或者口交)人群,开展血清学和行为学调查。结果共调查157例人,HIV感染率12.74%;梅毒感染率5.73%;未发现丙肝感染者。近6月安全套使用和艾滋病感染之间存在统计学差异。结论信阳市大学生男男同性恋存在不安全行为,已经有艾滋病、梅毒的流行,需要加强对艾滋病防治知识的警示性教育和行为干预,控制艾滋病经性途径传播工作。     

2013年厦门市男男性行为人群艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的了解2013年厦门市男男性行为(MSM)人群HIV感染状况、艾滋病防治知识知晓率、艾滋病相关行为情况。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》,对辖区男男性行为人群进行问卷调查,采静脉血进行HIV、丙肝、梅毒抗体检测。结果 2013年HIV、梅毒、丙肝感染率分别为:9.0%、4.7%、0.0%。艾滋病知识综合知晓率为92.1%。近6个月有发生过同性肛交性行为的人中使用安全套的比例为93.2%。近6个月有过商业同性性行为的人群中安全套使用率为100%。近6个月与异性发生性行为的比例为18.1%。结论根据监测所得出的艾滋病知识知晓的薄弱环节和不同情况下安全套使用率的不同,应对当地MSM人群进行有针对性的宣教与干预,进一步提高艾滋病干预服务的覆盖率,加强MSM人群健康意识,提高其安全套使用率和性病治疗率,从而减缓艾滋病在该人群的蔓延。     

遵义市男男性行为人群HIV、梅毒、HCV感染状况及高危行为特征分析

目的了解遵义市男男性行为人群(MMS)中HIV、梅毒、HCV感染状况及高危行为特征,为开展MMS防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2012年4~7月对遵义市中心城区MMS人群进行统一问卷调查,同时采集静脉血5ml进行HIV、梅毒、HCV血清学检测。结果共调查MMS人群143人,HIV感染率为22.4%,梅毒感染率为2.1%,HCV感染率为0;艾滋病知晓率为96.5%;最近六个月与同性发生性行为时,每次使用安全套的比例为31.8%,最近六个月与同性发生商业性行为时,每次使用安全套的比例为0,最近六个月与异性发生性行为时,每次使用安全套的比例为12.0%;接受过有关艾滋病干预服务的比例为95.8%。结论遵义市MMS人群HIV感染率高,艾滋病知晓率高,与同性、异性发生性行为时安全套使用比例低,"知—行"分离现象严重,因此要开展对该人群有争对性的干预,减少艾滋病经性途径传播。     

遵义市男男性行为人群HIV、梅毒、HCV感染状况及其行为学特征

目的了解遵义市男男性行为者(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染状况,以及艾滋病性病相关高危行为,为制定艾滋病性病防治策略和干预措施提供依据。方法采取横断面调查,对中心城区MSM人群进行问卷调查,同时抽取血样进行HIV、梅毒和HCV实验室检测。结果调查MSM人群109例,HIV感染率为10.09%;梅毒感染率为0.92%,HCV感染率为0.92%,对艾滋病的知晓率为96.33%,最近6个月发生同性肛交时,每次性行为使用安全套的比例为20.51%,最近6个月发生异性性交时,每次性行为使用安全套的比例为7.70%。结论遵义市MSM人群"知识-行为分离"现象严重,安全套使用率低,应进一步加强该人群的行为干预措施,控制艾滋病性病经性途径传播。     

2009年山东省艾滋病监测资料分析

[目的]了解山东省几类艾滋病高危人群性病艾滋病感染状况及行为特点,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]对2009年山东省艾滋病监测资料进行分析。[结果]合计检测11类目标人群18853人,HIV感染者配偶、男男性行为者HIV感染率分别为25．20％和1．76％,性病门诊就诊者、吸毒人群梅毒感染率分别为6．86％和6．21％;暗娼人群最近1个月商业性行为时坚持安全套使用率为58．44％,男男性行为者与同性性伴、商业性伴及异性性伴最近6个月发生性行为时坚持安全套使用率分别为27．20％、26．03％和24．90％;吸毒人群最近1年与固定性伴及商业性伴坚持安全套使用率分别为0．85％、3．64％。[结论]山东省艾滋病仍处于低流行状态,几类高危人群不安全行为广泛存在,男男性行为人群和吸毒人群尤其严萤。     

西安市性病门诊男性就诊者艾滋病和性病监测结果

目的了解西安市性病门诊男性就诊者艾滋病和性病感染情况,为艾滋病和性病防制策略提供依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案(试行)操作手册》要求,通过国家艾滋病哨点监测数据系统收集2016—2019年西安市性病门诊男性就诊者人口学特征、艾滋病知晓情况、行为学特征和血清学检测资料,描述性分析HIV和性病感染情况。结果 2016—2019年共调查西安市性病门诊男性就诊者1 600人,感染HIV 33例,感染率为2.06%;最近1年感染性病217例,感染率为13.56%。近3个月有商业/临时性行为者HIV感染率和性病感染率分别为3.33%和24.75%,均高于无商业/临时性行为者的1.10%和5.06%(P0.05)。肛交性行为者HIV感染率和性病感染率分别为6.67%和57.33%,均高于无肛交性行为者的1.74%和11.41%(P0.05)。未婚/离异/丧偶者HIV感染率为3.46%,高于已婚/同居者的1.54%(P0.05)。不知晓艾滋病知识者的性病感染率为23.60%,高于知晓艾滋病知识者的12.97%(P0.05)。有注射毒品行为者的性病感染率为67.86%,高于无注射吸毒行为者的12.60%(P0.05)。性病患者HIV感染率为4.15%,高于非性病患者的1.74%(P0.05)。HIV感染者性病感染率为27.27%,高于非HIV感染者的13.27%(P0.05)。结论西安市性病门诊男性就诊者HIV感染率较高,性病增加HIV的感染风险。非婚性接触是HIV和性病的主要传播途径,应加强近3个月有高危性行为、肛交性行为和注射毒品行为人群的HIV和性病监测。     

2009年成都市HIV监测结果分析

目的分析成都市2009年HIV监测结果。方法收集2009年成都市艾滋病筛查网络实验室检测统计报表及成都市艾滋病确证实验室检测数据,分析本年度HIV监测结果。结果 2009年成都市进行HIV抗体检测961 676例,确证978例,HIV抗体阳性检出率0.1%;HIV感染主要分布在21~40岁;在已知感染途径病例中,经血传播占63.03%,性接触传播占36.77%;感染者配偶及家属感染率最高,为17.89%,男男同性恋(MSM)人群次之,为10.53%。结论 2009年成都市HIV/AIDS流行以特定人群为主,MSM人群HIV感染严重,HIV感染途径有向性传播过渡的危险趋势,完善监测体系,加强重点人群行为干预,是控制HIV/AIDS流行的关键。     

三亚市高校学生男男性行为人群艾滋病知识及相关疾病流行现状

了解三亚市高校学生男男性行为(MSM)人群艾滋病感染状况及相关知识行为,为对相应人群采取有效健康教育和预防干预措施提供依据.方法 采用滚雪球抽样方法,对三亚市128名高校学生男男性行为人群开展问卷调查,并采集血样进行HIV、梅毒和丙肝抗体检测.结果 男男性行为者艾滋病基本知识知晓率为87.5%;最近6个月内有过同性肛交性行为者占64.8%,最近1次同性性行为安全套使用率为61.7%;存在商业性行为、吸毒行为及异性性行为;HIV感染率为1.6%,梅毒阳性率为5.5%.结论 三亚市高校学生MSM人群艾滋病知识知晓率较高,存在知识一行为分离现象无保护高危性行为较为普遍,梅毒感染率高,艾滋病流行形势严峻.应采取有效的健康教育和行为干预措施,控制艾滋病在该人群中的传播.     

2011年武汉市汉阳区男男同性恋人群艾滋病相关知识、性行为特征及艾滋病病毒感染状况调查

[目的]了解武汉市汉阳区男男同性恋人群(MSM)高危行为特征及艾滋病病毒感染状况,为开展针对该人群的艾滋病预防工作提供依据。[方法]2011年4～9月,通过滚雪球的方式招募武汉市汉阳区MSM人群502人进行问卷调查,并检测艾滋病病毒抗体和梅毒抗体。[结果]调查502人,艾滋病相关知识总知晓率为40.84%。最近6个月有61.75%的人与男性发生过肛交性行为,与男性发生肛交性行为时有25.16%每次都使用安全套;最近6个月有31.67%的人与女性发生过性行为,与女性发生性行为时每次使用安全套的比例为9.43%。7.57%的调查对象承认在最近一年出现过性病相关症状,其中选择到专科医院就诊的占26.32%。艾滋病病毒、梅毒感染率分别为3.19%和15.74%。[结论]武汉市汉阳区男男同性恋人群之间危险行为普遍存在,艾滋病性病感染率高。     

广东省艾滋病流行概况及预防控制策略

目的 分析广东省艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)流行概况和存在问题,提出控制策略.方法 用描述性流行病学方法 对广东省的HTV/AIDS报告资料和HIV常规、哨点、行为监测资料进行分析.结果 广东省1986年报告首例输入性HIV感染者,1986-1996年感染例数逐年有所上升,年平均增加10.2%.1996年底首次从静脉吸毒者中发现HIV感染者,1996-2005年呈快速增长的趋势,年平均增长160.3%,至2005年达到高峰,2006-2007年呈平稳状态.截止2007年底累计共报告HIV感染者22800例,其中AIDS病例2491例,死亡985例.报告的感染者主要集中在广州、佛山、深圳、江门、阳江、中山和东莞7市,占总病例教的84.5%.传播途径明确的14069例中,静脉吸毒传播占74.3%,异性传播占20.5%,男男同性传播占1.3%.哨点监测表明:戒毒人群平均HIV感染率从1996年的0.02%上升至2005年的5.5%;性病门诊就诊者平均HIV感染率从1997年的0.03%上升至2007年的0.40%;妇教所的暗娼于1998年首次检出HIV感染者(0.14%),但一直维持在较低的感染率,2007年检出率为0.21%;男男性接触者(MSM)人群2006、2007年HIV检出率分别为1.3%、2.75%.行为学监测表明:静脉吸毒者共用注射器的比例历年来变化不大,在53.3%～38.6%之间波动,吸毒者中约30%有购买性服务的行为,而且每次使用安全套的比例不足10%;暗娼中最近1次与客人发生性行为时安全套的使用率近年有所上升,目前维持在80%以上.结论 广东省HIV/AIDS疫情呈局部高流行、全省低流行态势;传播途径仍以静脉吸毒为主.但性途径传播逐年上升.近期的控制策略为提高各部门共同参与控制艾滋病的力度;加强能力建设;控制HIV在吸毒人群的传播,遏制经性途径传播的速度,预防二代传播,加强对MSM人群和流动人口的防治力度.     

Comparing Gay and Bisexual Men on Sexual Behavior, Condom Use, and Psychosocial Variables Related to HIV/AIDS

Interviews were conducted with 750 men, recruited from a variety of sources in Chicago, who reported sex with men in the past 3 years. Behavioral criteria were used to establish groups of gay and bisexual men. We predicted that gay men, compared to bisexual men, would report more male sexual partners, more experience with receptive sex, and more tolerant attitudes toward homosexuality. The only reliable difference between the gay and bisexual men with respect to number of partners was that gay men were more likely to have had a steady male partner or lover. Gay men were more likely than bisexual men to have engaged in receptive sex, including unprotected receptive anal sex. Bisexual men were more self-homophobic and saw other people as less accepting of same-sex activity. There were no differences between gay and bisexual men in other psychosocial variables. Interventions designed to reduce the transmission of HIV/AIDS need to consider differences in gay and bisexual men's sexual behavior and attitudes toward homosexual behavior.     

Inappropriate lubricant use with condoms by homosexual men.

Use of condoms has been advocated as an important method of reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission among high-risk groups such as homosexual and bisexual men, prostitutes, intravenous drug users, adolescents, and hemophiliacs. Despite risk-reduction education campaigns directed to gay men since the early 1980s, evidence shows continued deficits in condom-use skills and knowledge among gay men. Because most failures in the use of condoms are attributed to errors in use, increasing knowledge and skills in condom use is important in preventing HIV infection. Two groups of homosexual and bisexual men were sampled, those entering a risk-reduction education program and participants in a Gay Pride event. They were surveyed on their current sex practices and their efforts to reduce their risk of HIV infection. They were asked about their numbers of sex partners, specific sexual behaviors, use of condoms, types of condoms used, and lubricants used for genital-anal sex. The characteristics of those surveyed were similar to those of respondents in other studies of risk reduction among gay men. The use of an oil-based lubricant with condoms has been shown to weaken latex and to increase the likelihood of condom breakage, which use of water-based lubricants does not. Among respondents who reported having genital-anal sex, 60 percent reported use of an oil-based lubricant with a condom at least once during the year before the survey. Gay men in sexually exclusive relationships engaged in less consistent use of condoms for receptive genital-anal sex than did single gay men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

What’s In an Identity Label? Correlates of Sociodemographics,Psychosocial Characteristics,and Sexual Behavior Among African American Men Who Have Sex With Men

African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) are vastly overrepresented among people with HIV/AIDS. Using data from 595 AAMSM in Philadelphia, we explored differences in sociodemographics, psychosocial characteristics related to beliefs about ethnicity, sexuality and masculinity, and sexual behavior with men and women by self-reported sexual identity (gay, bisexual, down low, straight). Roughly equivalent numbers identified as gay (40.6 %) and bisexual (41.3 %), while fewer identified as straight (7.6 %) or down low (10.5 %), with significant differences in age, income, history of incarceration, HIV status, alcohol and drug problems, childhood sexual abuse, and connection to the gay community evident among these groups. Analysis of psychosocial characteristics theorized to be related to identity and sexual behavior indicated significant differences in masculinity, homophobia, and outness as MSM. Gay and straight men appeared to be poles on a continuum of frequency of sexual behavior, with bisexual and down low men being sometimes more similar to gay men and sometimes more similar to straight men. The percentage of men having total intercourse of any kind was highest among down low and lowest among gay men. Gay men had less intercourse with women, but more receptive anal intercourse with men than the other identities. There were no significant differences by identity in frequency of condomless insertive anal intercourse with men, but gay men had significantly more condomless receptive anal intercourse. There were significant differences by identity for condomless vaginal and anal intercourse with women. This study demonstrates the importance of exploring differences in types of sex behavior for AAMSM by considering sexual identity.     

Continuing unsafe sex: assessing the need for AIDS prevention counseling

To assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention counseling for gay and bisexual men who were continuing to engage in unsafe sex, a nonprobability telephone survey--the data may not be generalizable to the population--was conducted in Seattle during March 1987. In a 4-week period, 141 callers phoned in response to local publicity and completed a 30-minute anonymous interview. This paper focuses on 106 male respondents who were behaviorally defined as gay (that is, sex during the past year exclusively with partners of the same sex, N = 74) or bisexual (sex with both men and women, N = 32). The modal respondent was a never-married white male in his thirties who had some college education and was employed full-time in a white collar occupation. The gay men were more likely than the bisexual men to report that their family members and friends knew of their sexual orientation and to indicate that they were able to discuss their concerns about unsafe sex with someone close to them. Gay men were also more likely to use condoms and to have engaged in anonymous sex during the 3 months before the interview. More gay men had engaged in unprotected receptive anal intercourse (27 percent) than had bisexual men (13 percent), and in considerably more insertive anal intercourse (42 percent versus 22 percent). Of the gay men interviewed, 73 percent indicated that they needed help in changing their high-risk sexual behaviors compared with 61 percent of bisexuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

郑州市男男性接触人群HIV/AIDS相关知识和行为的调查分析

目的 了解郑州市男男性接触人群的艾滋病相关知识和行为,为开展艾滋病防治工作提供依据. 方法 以郑州市男男性接触人群为调查对象,随机抽取194人进行横断面现场调查. 结果 郑州市男男性接触人群对艾滋病的传播途径问题回答的正确率较高,超过85％,对非传播途径问题回答的正确率较低.文化程度高的男男性接触人群艾滋病相关知识的回答正确率高于文化程度低的研究对象,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.该人群普遍存在高危性行为及双性性行为.84.4％研究对象最近六个月与同性发生过性行为,33.5％与同性发生性行为时从未使用过安全套,36.7％偶尔使用.33.5％研究对象最近六个月与异性发生过性行为,与异性有过性经历的研究对象中,坚持使用安全套的人占23.9％,绝大多数人从未使用或偶尔使用.94.5％的研究对象接受安全套宣传和发放,但接受艾滋病检测水平较低（45.4％）. 结论 郑州市男男性接触人群的艾滋病相关知识掌握较好,但仍存在高危性行为,需要进一步加强艾滋病健康教育,尤其是行为干预须进一步加强.     

青年男同性恋者/男双性恋者购买性商业同性性行为的社会文化因素

  目的   调查青年男同性恋者/男双性恋者购买性商业同性性行为, 分析影响购买性商业同性性行为的社会文化因素。   方法   于2016年在贵州省贵阳市、遵义市、安顺市和铜仁市釆取分类滚雪球抽样(classification snowball sampling, CSS)调查和艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, 又称获得性免疫缺陷综合征)自愿咨询检测门诊调查相结合的方法, 对824例青年男同性恋者/男双性恋者进行AIDS危险性行为一对一面访匿名问卷调查。   结果   2016年购买性商业同性性行为总报告率为7.8%(95% CI:5.9%~9.6%), 其中, 青年男双性恋者报告率为13.0%, 高于男同性恋者的5.7%(P < 0.001)。对购买性商业同性性行为有影响的因素为月均收入(OR=6.54, P=0.005), 年龄(OR=3.59, P=0.011), 喜欢同性年龄(OR=2.85, P=0.004), 婚姻状况(OR=2.62, P=0.005), 户籍(OR=2.38, P=0.011), 口交增加危险性(OR=0.42, P=0.019), 感染AIDS可能性(P < 0.005), 公开性取向(OR=0.17, P=0.001)。   结论   青年男同性恋者/男双性恋者, 尤其是男双性恋者购买性商业同性性行为报告率较高。社会文化影响因素为喜欢同性年龄、口交增加危险性、感染AIDS可能性和公开性取向。     

HIV seroprevalence and risk behaviors among lesbians and bisexual women in San Francisco and Berkeley, California.

Few data are available on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and risk behaviors among lesbians and bisexual women. A total of 498 lesbians and bisexual women was sampled from public venues in San Francisco and Berkeley, Calif, during 1993. The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2%. Ten percent of participants reported injecting drugs since 1978. Forty percent of the participants reported unprotected vaginal or anal sex with men during the past 3 years, including unprotected sex with gay and bisexual men and male injection drug users. The high rates of injection drug use and unsafe sexual behaviors suggest that lesbians and bisexual women frequenting public venues in San Francisco and Berkeley are at risk for HIV infection.     

重庆市不同性取向的男男性接触者HIV高危性行为分析

目的了解比较重庆市男同性恋或双性恋者HIV高危行为情况,为行为干预提供理论依据。方法在2006年6-9月依托同性恋活动场所和志愿者组织以滚雪球的方式招募被调查对象,采用匿名面对面询问方式进行问卷调查,对其中男同性恋和男双性恋者的性行为进行比较分析。结果共调查561人,其中50.6%、45.5%分别自我认同为同性恋或双性恋者。男同性恋与男双性恋者中,20～29岁组分别占50.4%、33.9%;在婚比例分别为12.7%、46.5%(均P<0.01)。同性恋者首次性行为是男性性伴的比例(67.3%)高于双性恋者(32.5%),与男性首次性行为的年龄(25.5岁)低于双性恋者(28.2岁)。最近6个月同性恋者与男性肛交的比例(87.3%)高于双性恋者(78.8%)(P<0.05);且肛交时每次都用安全套的比例均很低,分别为22.9%和18.4%。最近6个月同性恋、双性恋者与女性发生性行为的比例分别为16.9%、49.8%(P<0.01);且从未使用安全套的比例较高,分别为50.0%和57.5%。同性恋、双性恋者通过付钱方式得到男性提供的性服务的比例分别为7.7%、4.1%,与这种男性发生肛交时每次都用安全套的比例分别为63.6%、25.0%(均P<0.05)。结论男双性恋者有较高比例的已婚率和女性性伴,男同性恋者与男性发生性行为的比例更高,且两者的无保护性肛交的频率很高,应加强对该人群的监测和综合干预。     

Sexual HIV risk among gay,bisexual and queer transgender men: findings from interviews in Vancouver,Canada

Abstract

Gay, bisexual, queer and other men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by HIV in Canada. While up to 63% of transgender men identify as gay, bisexual or queer and report a variety of HIV sexual risk behaviours, transgender men are often overlooked within epidemiological HIV surveillance and research. While a growing body of research has begun to examine sexual risk for transgender gay, bisexual and queer men, most studies have been conducted in the USA. This study explored sexual HIV risk for this population in the Canadian context, specifically in British Columbia, in an environment of publically funded universal access to healthcare, including HIV testing and treatment. We conducted interviews with 11 gay, bisexual and queer transgender men. Participants’ narratives suggest that HIV risk for these transgender men is shaped by a diversity of sexual behaviours, including inconsistent condom use, seeking partners online for greater safety and accessing HIV/STI testing and other healthcare services despite facing transition-related barriers. Public health prevention and health education must recognise the presence of transgender men and ensure health services and broader population health promotion meet the unique sexual health needs of this sub-population of gay, bisexual and queer men.     

History of childhood sexual abuse and HIV risk behaviors in homosexual and bisexual men

OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and frequency of childhood sexual abuse and their association with sexual risk among a sample of gay and bisexual men. Methods. Cross-sectional data were collected by survey from randomly selected gay and bisexual men who attended the 1997 and 1998 Minneapolis/St. Paul Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Pride Festivals. Data included demographics, sexual activity, history of childhood sexual abuse, HIV status, history of sexually transmitted infection, use of sex-related drugs (such as crack, cocaine, Ecstasy, amyl nitrate, crystal methamphetamine, and Special K), and history of exchanging sex for payment. Results. childhood sexual abuse was reported by 15.5% of the survey respondents (n = 134). Those who reported experiencing abuse regularly were more likely to (1) be HIV positive, (2) have exchanged sex for payment, and (3) be a current user of sex-related drugs. Neither unsafe sex nor sexually transmitted infections were associated with childhood sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that more than 1 in 7 gay and bisexual men in a non-clinical, festival-based setting were victims of childhood sexual abuse and that childhood sexual abuse was associated with alarmingly high rates of men who were HIV infected and antecedent risk behaviors.