腰椎小关节方向性与腰椎间盘突出症

背景：腰椎小关节及其对称性与腰椎间盘突出之间是否存在关系,文献报道争议很大。目的：测量分析腰椎小关节方向性与腰椎间盘突出的关系。方法：收集因腰腿痛行CT检查的169例患者,L4/5腰椎间盘突出35例,L5/S1腰椎间盘突出67例,无间盘突出对照组67例。在CT终端机上选取L3～S1椎间隙的远侧椎体上终板层面,测量3个节段的腰椎小关节角。结果与结论：①L4/5和L5/S1腰椎间盘突出组L3/4、L4/5、L5/S1每个节段腰椎小关节角左侧均大于右侧（P〈0.05）;各组小关节前内侧角和后外侧角两侧相比差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。②各节段腰椎小关节角、前内侧角、后外侧角3组之间比较没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。③各组腰椎小关节角、后外侧角自L3/4至L5/S1节段均逐渐增大（P〈0.05）;而前内侧角L4/5节段最大,L3/4节段最小（P〈0.05）。提示腰椎间盘突出与腰椎小关节角左右侧不相等有关;腰椎小关节角和后外侧角自L3/4至L5/S1逐渐更偏向冠状位,而内侧角在L4/5节段更偏冠状位,可能与腰椎管狭窄的发病有关。     

关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出位置的关系

目的:评估关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出的关系。方法:96例单节段腰椎间盘突出患者,用CT测量关节突关节形态,与没有椎间盘突出的自身临近节段对照,比较两者之间的相关性。同时观察腰椎间盘突出位置与关节突关节方向的关系。结果:椎间盘突出在L4/5节段是56个(58.33%),在L5/S1节段是40个(41.66%)。59例突向左侧(61.46%),37例突出右侧(38.54%)。L4/5椎间盘突出节段存在关节不对称的为8/56,对照节段存在关节不对称的为2/40(P>0.05),L5/S1椎间盘突出节段存在关节不对称的为12/40,对照节段为4/56(P>0.05)。关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出总体存在相关性(P<0.01)。关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出在L5/S1节段存在相关(P<0.05),而在L4/5节段无相关(P>0.05)。腰椎间盘突出在哪一侧与关节突关节角度形态无关(P>0.05)。结论:关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出存在相关,但突出的位置与关节角度无关。     

正常腰椎椎间小关节角度的CT测量研究

目的　为了研究正常人群腰椎间关节与矢、冠状面角度。方法　采用CT扫描 ,测量 10 0例正常人腰椎小关节与冠状面的角度 ,每 10岁为一年龄组 ,男女性别各区分 5组。结果　①相同腰椎节段不同年龄组之间椎间小关节与冠状面所成角度差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;②相同腰椎节段椎间小关节与冠状面所成角度 ,男女两性之间差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;③椎间小关节与冠状面的角度大小与腰椎的节段呈负相关 ,从L1,2 至L5S1水平 ,椎间小关节与冠状面角度有逐渐减小或与矢状面的角度有逐渐增大的趋势 ;④L1,2 ～L3 ,4椎间小关节与冠状面所成的角度为 62 .1°～ 5 3 .1° ,L4,5～L5S1为 44 .5～ 3 7.7°。结论　CT是观察腰椎小关节结构较准确的方法。L1,2 ～L3 ,4椎间小关节角度偏矢状面 ,L4,5～L5S1椎间小关节角度更偏冠状面。     

腰椎关节突关节角不对称与椎间盘突出的相关性

1967年,Farfan等[1]就提出了腰椎小关节不对称的概念,即一侧关节突关节角增大(向冠状位倾斜),迄今为止,人们对腰关节突角不对称和椎间盘突出的关系尚未达成共识[2～5]。作者自2004年3月至2005年12月测量了352例腰椎间盘突出患者(测量组)456个突出椎间盘和40例L3～S1120个正常椎间盘CT图像的两侧关节突关节角差,现总结报道如下。1资料方法1.1一般资料(1)测量组:椎间盘突出352例,男180例,女172例;年龄25～53岁,平均41岁;椎间盘突出456个;腰痛352例,直腿抬高试验阳性126例,小腿疼痛73例,大腿疼痛65例,足趾麻木56例,臀部疼痛51例。根据《临床…     

单侧椎弓根钉加单枚Cage植骨融合治疗腰椎退行性疾病

后路减压融合是治疗腰椎退行性疾病的有效方法之一。2010年11月至2013年12月我科对37例患者采用单侧椎弓根钉加单枚Cage治疗相关腰椎退行性疾病,取得满意的临床效果,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料37例患者中男13例,女24例,年龄42~72岁,平均55岁,其中极外侧椎间盘突出11例,腰椎间盘突出并腰椎不稳14,髓核摘除术后复发3例,腰椎间盘突出继发性椎管狭窄9例;变累及L3/L4节段3例,L4/L5者20例,L5/S1者14例,所     

老年性腰椎间盘突出症的临床特征:108例回顾性分析

目的:探讨老年性腰椎间盘突出症的发病机制、临床表现、治疗机制和疗效。方法:回顾性分析224例患者的临床资料。①用手法触诊检查确定腰椎棘突偏歪方向。②X射线腰椎正侧位片及CT或MRI检查。③应用冯氏手法治疗老年性患者108例和中青年患者116例,进行二者疗效对比。结果:老年患者共发现238个节段突出,L4～5和L5～S1椎间盘突出个数最多(169个,71%),多间隙突出86例(54.6%),变窄和未变窄的椎间隙发生椎间盘突出个数比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。老年和青壮年腰椎间盘突出症的手法治愈例数相比,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01),有效例数相比,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年性腰椎间盘突出的病理变化主要是椎骨小关节的错位,压迫和牵拉了相应的组织。非手术治疗的关键是纠正小关节的错位和恢复脊柱的内外平衡因素。确诊靠CT或MRI检查。     

后路椎间盘镜在治疗腰椎疾患中的应用

近年来 ,内镜技术发展迅速 ,同时微创治疗也受到重视。后路腰椎间盘镜治疗腰椎疾患具有创伤小 ,患者术后恢复快等优点。本院自2001年1月～2001年12月应用椎间盘镜治疗腰椎疾患59例 ,取得满意疗效 ,报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组59例 ,其中男26例 ,女33例 ;年龄24～68岁 ,平均42.2岁。腰椎间盘突出症48例 (L4～L5 或L5～S1,单节段突出41例 ,L4～L5 及L5～S1 双节段突出7例 ) ,合并侧隐窝狭窄9例 ;L4～S1 腰椎退变黄韧带肥厚、小关节突内聚致侧椎管狭窄11例。均有典型的临床症状、体征及影像学表现 ,病程3个月～5年。1.2手术方法…     

腰椎间盘突出症临床诊断与影像学诊断的相关性探讨

目的探讨临床确诊为腰椎间盘突出症患者的影像学改变与临床症状是否有一定相关性,以及对临床诊断和治疗的指导意义。方法以影像学技术CT扫描检查145例临床确诊为腰椎间盘突出症患者的腰椎(L3～4、L4～5、L5～S1),并根据影像学提示,将腰椎间盘突出分为<0.5cm和>0.5cm两组。分别以视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和腰及下肢压痛点的计数率检查评估疼痛的程度以及与上述影像学改变的相关性。结果145例患者影像学检查均有改变。其中未见明显突出仅提示退行性病变者9例,仅L4～5椎间盘突出56例;仅L5～S1椎间盘突出67例;L4～5,L5～S12节椎间盘同时突出(包括膨出)者11例;L3～4,L4～5,L5～S13节椎间盘突出(包括膨出)者2例。突出伴椎体滑脱14例;突出伴退行性病变89例。突出程度<0.5cm55例,>0.5cm81例。VAS评估椎间盘突出<0.5cm和>0.5cm两组的平均积分无明显差异(χ2=0.12,P>0.05);两组压痛点的计数与椎间盘突出的程度也不成正比(χ2=1.31,P>0.05)。结论临床诊断腰椎间盘突出症与影像学诊断的腰椎间盘突出不能完全等同。影像学检查的阳性结论只有与临床所见相吻合时,才有诊断价值。     

微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术对邻近节段侵扰情况及术后影像学退变的影响

【目的】探讨微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(MIS-TLIIF)对邻近节段侵扰情况及术后影像学退变(ASDed)的影响。【方法】本院收治的185例行MIS-TLIIF治疗的单节段退行性腰椎病变患者为研究对象。术后3个月,统计患者邻近节段关节突关节侵扰的发生情况,根据患者关节是否侵扰分为侵扰组与非侵扰组。探讨影响MIS-TLIIF术后邻近节段关节突关节侵扰的相关因素;随访3年,比较侵扰组与非侵扰组术后3年内ASDed的发生情况。【结果】术后3个月,邻近节段关节突关节发生侵扰64例,发生率为34.59%;未侵扰组121例。侵扰组体重指数(BMI)≥30 kg/m^(2),顶椎节段为L5,术前关节突关节角≥40°例数占比,关节突关节轴径、冠状径、矢状径高于非侵扰组(P<0.05);侵扰组术前螺钉内倾角、螺帽-上关节突间距低于非侵扰组(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,顶椎节段为L5、BMI≥30 kg/m^(2)、术前关节突关节角≥40°均为MIS-TLIIF术后关节侵扰的影响因素(P<0.05)。随访3年,侵扰组失访2例,非侵扰组失访4例,随访率为96.76%,侵扰组术后3年内ASDed的发生率(56.45%)高于非侵扰组(39.32%)(P<0.05)。【结论】顶椎节段为L5、BMI≥30 kg/m^(2)、术前关节突关节角≥40°均为MIS-TLIIF术后邻近节段关节突关节侵扰的影响因素,且术后邻近节段关节突关节侵扰的患者术后3年内ASDed的发生风险较高。     

腰椎椎弓根动态内固定修复腰椎退行性疾病:K-Rod弹性棒、通用弹性棒及Dynesys系统比较

背景:椎间盘摘除椎弓根内固定融合是修复腰椎退变疾病的金标准,但在治疗疾病的同时可引出来其他并发症,如邻近节段的退行性变或加剧已存在的脊柱退行性变等问题。针对腰椎融合固定的问题,近年来腰椎弹性固定成为一个热点。目的:探讨腰椎椎弓根动态内固定修复腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效。方法:2010年12月至2012年12月采用腰椎动态内固定系统共治疗腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症患者62例。L3,4节段5例;L4,5节段20例;L5S1节段20例;L3,4,L4,5双节段6例;L4,5,L5S1双节段8例,L3,4,5 S1三节段患者3例。男34例,女28例;年龄32-72岁,平均50.8岁。根据使用不同内固定系统分为3组,使用通用动态腰椎固定系统17例,K-Rod后路动态稳定系统28例,Dynesys系统17例。随访24-48个月,评价指标包括目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、影像学分析及疗效优良率。结果与结论:结果显示,与治疗前相比,治疗后6个月及末次随访时各组患者目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均获得显著改善(P<0.01)。治疗前、末次随访时置入节段及邻近节段高度无明显变化。治疗后各组疗效优良率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。提示腰椎动态内固定系统是修复腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效方法,3种弹性固定虽然存在结构的不同,但是早期治疗效果上无明显区别,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

腰椎小关节病的CT检查和表现

目的 对腰椎小关节病ＣＴ表现作出归纳,提高对此病作为腰腿痛的重要病因的认识。方法连续２００例腰腿痛患,主要作了腰椎Ｌ４－５和Ｌ５－Ｓ１的小关节ＣＴ平扫,并运用骨窗和软组织窗对图像进行分析和测量。结果 有１３５例（占６７．５％）患表现为不同节段的腰椎小关节病,ＣＴ表现为：骨赘形成;小关节突增生肥大;关节间隙变窄;关节真空现象以及关节囊的钙化等。腰椎小关节病常伴有其它腰椎疾病。讨论 腰椎小关节病是     

Facet tropism: comparison of plain film and computed tomography examinations.

This study compares the findings of plain film X-ray and computed CT examination in the diagnosis of facet orientation and the presence of tropism. Twenty consecutive patients having lumbar disc disease with sciatica were studied utilizing plain X-ray as well as CT scanning. A chiropractic radiologist read the films to determine if facet facings were sagittally, semi-sagittally or coronally oriented on both CT and plain X-ray study. CT was accepted as the most accurate method to determine the true facet orientation, and plain X-ray interpretation of facet orientation was compared to the CT reading. There was a statistically significant relationship in diagnosing tropism between plain film X-ray and CT readings, with a predictive accuracy that ranged from 58-84% across the three segmental levels. However, the exact concordance of plain film X-ray and CT readings for right and left facet facings was very low. This raises the question of how the profession defines diagnostic accuracy.     

Morphologic Evaluation of Cervical and Lumbar Facet Joints: Intra‐Articular Facet Block Considerations

Study Design: Needle orientations for lumbar and cervical facet injection were measured in cadavers and compared with facet angles measured on magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Objectives: To establish facet orientation relative to clinical procedures of a facet joint block in the cervical and lumbar spine. Methods: Needle orientation angles were measured from 20 unembalmed human cadaveric specimens (13 cervical and 7 lumbar). Spinal needles were inserted into the midpoints of the facet joint spaces from C3 to C7 and L1 to L5. Needle trajectories were measured with an optical tracking system. For comparison, facet angles from 100 clinical MRIs of lumbar spines were also measured. Facet orientations on MRIs were measured at their intersection with the transverse plane, and angles were quantified using image analysis software. Results: Typical angles for insertion of the needle into the cervical facets were oriented closer to the coronal plane, whereas insertion angles for lumbar needles were oriented closer to the sagittal plane. Relative to the sagittal plane, the mean cervical angle was 72 degrees and the mean lumbar angle was 33 degrees. The insertion points of the cervical facets were a mean of 29 mm from the midsagittal plane compared with a mean of 22 mm for the lumbar facets. MRI‐based facet joint angles correlated poorly with actual injection angles, which were overestimated 5 to 23 degrees, depending on the lumbar level. Conclusions: Knowledge of the quantitative anatomy of the facets may help improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. These data also may aid in constructing more realistic computer simulations.     

Sonographische Darstellung der lumbalen Facettengelenke

Aim

The aim of the study was to investigate whether ultrasound imaging provides a suitable alternative to radiodiagnostics in lumbar facet joint representation prior to facet blockade and radiofrequency denervation in clinical practice.

Materials and methods

A total of 90 lumbar facet joints from 9 corpses (5 segments L1/2 to L5/S1, 2 sides) were examined by 2 investigators using either ultrasonic imaging or gold standard radiology, for segment localization and needle positioning. The deviation of ultrasound-guided needle placement relative to the anatomical target position was measured on X-ray images and all cases were assigned to 5 categories differentiated by 1 mm from category 1 (no deviation, i.e. no correction inevitably) to category 5 (deviation of ≥?4 mm, i.e. not precise).

Results

Ultrasound imaging allowed 82 of the 90 (91 %) investigated lumbar facet joints to be identified in the correct segment. Particularly in all cases for L1/2, L2/3 and L3/4 the joints were identified in the correct segment whereas for L4/5 in 2 cases (11 %) and for L5/S1 in 6 cases (30 %) the wrong segment was targeted. Regarding deviations of ultrasound-guided needle placement the following results were achieved for category 1: n?=?27 (30 %), 2: n?=?45 (50 %), 3: n?=?5 (5.6 %), 4: n?=?9 (10 %), und 5: n?=?4 (4.4 %).

Conclusions

Ultrasound imaging for lumbar facet joint representation is a reliable and simple approach for segment localization and needle positioning, especially above L5/S1. This method can thus be recommended as a suitable alternative to radiology for subsequent accomplishment of facet blockade and radiofrequency denervation in clinical practice.     

第4、5节段腰椎小关节方向性与椎间盘变性相关探析

目的为了观察一个特殊运动节段L     

腰椎侧弯患者关节突关节形态及其临床意义

目的：研究下腰痛患者关节突关节形态与腰椎侧弯的关系。方法：37例腰椎侧弯的下腰痛患者，通过X线摄片和CT轴向扫描，测量L3／4、LA／5、L5／S1关节突关节形态。26例正常者作为对照。结果：在腰椎侧弯患者中L4／5节段关节突关节不对称为72％，L5／S1节段为49％。结论：腰椎侧弯与关节突关节不对称有关，可能是侧方不稳、滑脱的原因。     

Exploring the pathological role of intervertebral disc and facet joint in the development of degenerative scoliosis by biomechanical methods

BackgroundTo investigate the biomechanical changes in the development of scoliosis due to intervertebral disc and facet joint degeneration.MethodsWe enrolled 39 cases of fresh-frozen lumbar spine specimens and underwent CT scanning and 3D reconstruction. An Osirix Dicom imaging system was to assess the degeneration of the intervertebral disc and facet joints, and mechanical loading was conducted using a spine mechanical instrument with the frequency set at plus/minus 7.5 NM, 0.005 Hz. Range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) of 39 cadaveric lumbar spines were tested.FindingsDegeneration existed in all 39 cases of the lumbar specimens: the Cobb angle >10° in 5 cases (degenerative scoliosis (DS) group), between 3° and 10° in 9 cases (pre-degenerative scoliosis (PS) group) and <3° in 25 cases (no scoliosis (NS) group). The axial torsion (AT) range of motion (ROM_AT) and the NZ of the DS and PS groups was greater than in the NS group and increased with increasing Cobb angle. A significant correlation was found between the degeneration of the intervertebral disc and the AT and the AT correlated with the Cobb angle and facet joint degeneration.InterpretationThe AT correlated with intervertebral disc and facet joint degeneration, which might be a mechanic factor in the occurrence and development of degenerative scoliosis.     

腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘及小关节退变的关系

背景：腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间的关系一直存在争议,并且国内在下腰痛患者中对小关节不对称与小关节退变程度之间关系的研究较少.目的：调查分析腰椎小关节不对称在腰椎间盘退变与小关节退变过程中的作用.方法：测量312例下腰痛患者共936个脊柱功能单位的小关节角度差值,差值〈7°定义为小关节对称,差值≥7°定义为小关节不对称.对936个脊柱节段的椎间盘退变程度及小关节退变程度进行分级.结果与结论：①小关节是否对称在年龄及性别上差异无显著性（P 〉 0.05）.②小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间无显著关联（P 〉 0.05）.③在L4～L5节段小关节不对称组比小关节对称组的小关节退变程度更重（P 〈 0.01）.提示小关节不对称与椎间盘退变无明显影响,但在腰椎活动度最大的L4～L5节段,小关节不对称可能会引起小关节的退变.     

CT介入靶位注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨CT介入靶位注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床应用价值。方法:198例接受注射胶原酶溶盘术的腰椎间盘突出症患者分为非CT组（100例）和CT组（98例）,非CT组依据腰椎CT片和腰椎定位片定位,凭经验操作;CT组在CT介入下定位和操作。结果:CT组的优良率和有效率分别为84.7％和94.9％,较非CT组分别提高了12.7％和8.9％,经X2检验,p值均<0.05。结论:CT介入下靶位注射胶原酶溶盘术,直观,安全,可提高术前诊断的准确性和术中穿刺的精确性,从而可提高临床疗效。