关节突关节形态与退变性腰椎滑脱的关系

目的 探讨关节突关节形态与退变性腰椎滑脱的方法。方法 首先对41例60岁以下（平均年龄55岁）有L4－5退变性滑脱的患者和32例（平均年龄53岁）正常人进行对照检查。用CT轴向扫描关节突关节，测量L3－4，L4－5，L5－S1关节突关节的角度，关节横向，关节面的深度和观察关节面形态。第二部分研究分别测量40例40岁以下和40例60岁以肯要痛患者的关节突关节角度，观察其关节。结果 退变笥滑脱患者与对照组相比，L4－5节段关节角度方向明显偏向矢状面，关节角度不对称和关节面深度比也有显著差异。第二部分2组下腰痛患者的关节突关节角度无统计学差异。结论 60岁以下的退变性腰椎滑脱患者存在着关节突关节形态异常，L4－5节段关节或矢状排列和／或同时伴有关节角不对称是腰椎早期滑脱的危险因素。     

关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出位置的关系

目的:评估关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出的关系。方法:96例单节段腰椎间盘突出患者,用CT测量关节突关节形态,与没有椎间盘突出的自身临近节段对照,比较两者之间的相关性。同时观察腰椎间盘突出位置与关节突关节方向的关系。结果:椎间盘突出在L4/5节段是56个(58.33%),在L5/S1节段是40个(41.66%)。59例突向左侧(61.46%),37例突出右侧(38.54%)。L4/5椎间盘突出节段存在关节不对称的为8/56,对照节段存在关节不对称的为2/40(P>0.05),L5/S1椎间盘突出节段存在关节不对称的为12/40,对照节段为4/56(P>0.05)。关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出总体存在相关性(P<0.01)。关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出在L5/S1节段存在相关(P<0.05),而在L4/5节段无相关(P>0.05)。腰椎间盘突出在哪一侧与关节突关节角度形态无关(P>0.05)。结论:关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出存在相关,但突出的位置与关节角度无关。     

腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘及小关节退变的关系

背景：腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间的关系一直存在争议,并且国内在下腰痛患者中对小关节不对称与小关节退变程度之间关系的研究较少.目的：调查分析腰椎小关节不对称在腰椎间盘退变与小关节退变过程中的作用.方法：测量312例下腰痛患者共936个脊柱功能单位的小关节角度差值,差值〈7°定义为小关节对称,差值≥7°定义为小关节不对称.对936个脊柱节段的椎间盘退变程度及小关节退变程度进行分级.结果与结论：①小关节是否对称在年龄及性别上差异无显著性（P 〉 0.05）.②小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间无显著关联（P 〉 0.05）.③在L4～L5节段小关节不对称组比小关节对称组的小关节退变程度更重（P 〈 0.01）.提示小关节不对称与椎间盘退变无明显影响,但在腰椎活动度最大的L4～L5节段,小关节不对称可能会引起小关节的退变.     

腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节形态的评价

目的 文章探讨关节突关节形态对腰椎滑脱的影响。方法 L4－5节段退变性滑脱25例（均年龄55岁），后滑脱12例（均年龄53岁）和峡部裂滑脱11例（均年龄44岁）与32例（均年龄47岁）正常人进行对照检查，CT轴向扫描关节突关节，测量L3－4，L－4，5L5－S1关节突关节角度，关节宽度，的深度和关节面形态。结果 由上向下关节角度逐步从矢状向冠状转化。在L4－5节段退变性滑脱患者关节角度方向与对照组相比明显偏向矢状（P＜0．01），退变性滑脱组和后滑脱组的关节宽度均大于对照组（P＜0．01），退变性滑脱组的关节面深度比有显著差异，峡部裂滑脱组的唯一差异是关节宽度显著减少（P＜0．01）。结论 结果提示关节突变状排列可能是生长过程中形成的，某些患者发生腰椎退变性时可能会出现滑脱。     

腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘及小关节退变的关系

背景:腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间的关系一直存在争议,并且国内在下腰痛患者中对小关节不对称与小关节退变程度之间关系的研究较少。目的:调查分析腰椎小关节不对称在腰椎间盘退变与小关节退变过程中的作用。方法:测量312例下腰痛患者共936个脊柱功能单位的小关节角度差值,差值<7°定义为小关节对称,差值≥7°定义为小关节不对称。对936个脊柱节段的椎间盘退变程度及小关节退变程度进行分级。结果与结论:①小关节是否对称在年龄及性别上差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间无显著关联(P>0.05)。③在L4～L5节段小关节不对称组比小关节对称组的小关节退变程度更重(P<0.01)。提示小关节不对称与椎间盘退变无明显影响,但在腰椎活动度最大的L4～L5节段,小关节不对称可能会引起小关节的退变。     

腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节形态的评价

目的文章探讨关节突关节形态对腰椎滑脱的影响。方法L4～5节段退变性滑脱25例(均年龄55岁)、后滑脱12例(均年龄53岁)和峡部裂滑脱11例(均年龄44岁)与32例(均年龄47岁)正常人进行对照检查。CT轴向扫描关节突关节,测量L3～4、L4～5、L5～S1关节突关节角度、关节宽度、关节面的深度和关节面形态。结果由上向下关节角度逐步从矢状向冠状转化。在L4～5节段退变性滑脱患者关节角度方向与对照组相比明显偏向矢状(P<0.01),退变性滑脱组和后滑脱组的关节宽度均大于对照组(P<0.01),退变性滑脱组的关节面深度比也有显著差异。峡部裂滑脱组的唯一差异是关节宽度显著减少(P<0.01)。结论结果提示关节突关节矢状排列可能是生长过程中形成的,某些患者发生腰椎退变时可能会出现滑脱。     

腰椎节段不稳的影响因素

目的：探讨腰椎节段不稳定的影响因素。方法选择57例L4～5节段不稳患者作为疾病组，22例L4～5节段手术患者作为术后对照组，19例健康检查者作为正常对照组。所有患者均拍摄正、侧位和过屈、过伸位X线片，CT扫描测量关节突形态，36例腰椎节段不稳患者行MRI检查，评价椎间盘退变情况。结果：前屈移位不稳患者关节突关节角方向偏向矢状，旋转不稳患者的椎间盘退变程度较轻，关节突全切患者存在前移不稳。结论：关节突矢状方向排列和椎间盘退变与前移不稳有关，可能是腰椎滑脱的原因，而韧带损害与旋转不稳有关。     

腰椎小关节方向性与腰椎间盘突出症

背景：腰椎小关节及其对称性与腰椎间盘突出之间是否存在关系,文献报道争议很大。目的：测量分析腰椎小关节方向性与腰椎间盘突出的关系。方法：收集因腰腿痛行CT检查的169例患者,L4/5腰椎间盘突出35例,L5/S1腰椎间盘突出67例,无间盘突出对照组67例。在CT终端机上选取L3～S1椎间隙的远侧椎体上终板层面,测量3个节段的腰椎小关节角。结果与结论：①L4/5和L5/S1腰椎间盘突出组L3/4、L4/5、L5/S1每个节段腰椎小关节角左侧均大于右侧（P〈0.05）;各组小关节前内侧角和后外侧角两侧相比差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。②各节段腰椎小关节角、前内侧角、后外侧角3组之间比较没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。③各组腰椎小关节角、后外侧角自L3/4至L5/S1节段均逐渐增大（P〈0.05）;而前内侧角L4/5节段最大,L3/4节段最小（P〈0.05）。提示腰椎间盘突出与腰椎小关节角左右侧不相等有关;腰椎小关节角和后外侧角自L3/4至L5/S1逐渐更偏向冠状位,而内侧角在L4/5节段更偏冠状位,可能与腰椎管狭窄的发病有关。     

下腰椎关节突关节的CT诊断

目的:提高下腰椎关节突关节的异常改变对椎间盘突出症诊断的重要性的认识。材料与方法:随机抽取临床症状、体征及CT表现典型的腰椎间盘突出症病例的CT片1 0 0份,对该症发生的部位、类型进行统计;同时对关节突关节角进行测量并对关节角差值≥1 0°的进行按节段分类统计;对关节突关节面的形态和相互关系按4种类型进行分类。结果:单个椎间盘突出占6 8%,两个椎间盘同时突出占3 1 %,共计1 3 1个椎间盘突出发生于L3、4的1 7个占1 2 . 98%;L4、5的6 7个占5 1. 1 4 %;L5、S1的4 7个占3 5 . 88%。双侧关节突关节角不对称共有83个,占2 7. 6 7%,其中L3、4水平1 5个占1 8. 0 7%;L4、5水平3 8个占4 5 78%;L5、S1水平3 0个占3 6 . 1 4 %。双侧关节突关节形态不对称改变6 1个椎体,占2 0 .3 %。呈Ⅰ、Ⅱ型的最多,计3 4 1个,占94 .46 %,呈Ⅲ、Ⅳ型改变共计2 0个,其中1 6个发生于L5、S1水平,3个发生于L4、5水平。结论:关节突关节角小,不对称及关节面呈Ⅲ、Ⅳ型改变是腰椎间退变和突出症的潜在病因学因素之一,因此,提高对关节突关节的异常改变的认识在腰椎间盘突出症的诊断中至关重要     

腰椎小关节方向性与腰椎间盘突出症

背景:腰椎小关节及其对称性与腰椎间盘突出之间是否存在关系,文献报道争议很大。目的:测量分析腰椎小关节方向性与腰椎间盘突出的关系。方法:收集因腰腿痛行CT检查的169例患者,L4/5腰椎间盘突出35例,L5/S1腰椎间盘突出67例,无间盘突出对照组67例。在CT终端机上选取L3～S1椎间隙的远侧椎体上终板层面,测量3个节段的腰椎小关节角。结果与结论:①L4/5和L5/S1腰椎间盘突出组L3/4、L4/5、L5/S1每个节段腰椎小关节角左侧均大于右侧(P<0.05);各组小关节前内侧角和后外侧角两侧相比差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②各节段腰椎小关节角、前内侧角、后外侧角3组之间比较没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。③各组腰椎小关节角、后外侧角自L3/4至L5/S1节段均逐渐增大(P<0.05);而前内侧角L4/5节段最大,L3/4节段最小(P<0.05)。提示腰椎间盘突出与腰椎小关节角左右侧不相等有关;腰椎小关节角和后外侧角自L3/4至L5/S1逐渐更偏向冠状位,而内侧角在L4/5节段更偏冠状位,可能与腰椎管狭窄的发病有关。     

腰椎关节突关节不对称的研究进展

由腰椎关节突关节病变引起的脊柱疾病发病率正逐年上升,其中腰椎关节突关节不对称（LFT）与腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎、腰椎间盘退行性变、退变性腰椎滑脱、脊柱侧凸等疾病相关。近年来,LFT对脊柱退变过程的影响已被广泛研究,这将对各类脊柱疾病的预防与诊疗起到重要的指导作用。因此,本文就LFT的研究现状作一综述。     

下腰椎骨性结构参数与腰椎间盘突出症的关系

背景：腰椎各骨性结构参数的变化是下腰部脊柱骨性结构的形态改变的直接反应,这种改变很可能是在长期受到外在或内在因素影响后脊柱正常结构应变的结果,但不同参数反映的情况是否相同以及与对应的临床症状是否有相关性尚待探讨。目的：测量和比较下腰椎间盘突出症患者的腰椎骨性结构参数,分析参数变化与下腰椎间盘突出症的相关关系。探讨腰椎骨性结构的异常是否为腰椎间盘突出症的病因,以及在腰椎间盘退行性变中的意义。方法：纳入2008年3月至2010年3月解放军南京军区福州总院第一附属医院骨科收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者207例,同期于放射科行CT检查显示非腰椎间盘突出者143例作为对照组。按性别差异分为男、女组;按年龄分为25-34岁组、35-44岁组、45-54岁组、55-65岁组。测量的腰椎骨性结构参数包括棘突偏斜角、关节突关节角、腰椎曲度、腰椎曲度角、腰骶关节角。结果与结论：腰椎间盘突出症组与对照组的棘突偏斜角在L4、L5水平存在差异,数据不呈正态分布,应用秩和检验,Z值为-10.609,-12.074,P〈0.01。腰椎间盘突出症组与对照组的关节突非对称性、腰椎生理曲度、腰椎曲度角、腰骶关节角在各年龄组及总体比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。从性别上看,男、女组仅在腰骶关节角上差异有显著性意义（P=0.007〈0.01）;各年龄段间比较,55-65岁组关节突非对称性、腰椎生理曲度、腰椎曲度角、腰骶关节角分别与25-34岁组、35-44岁组之间比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）,在45-54岁组和25-34岁组之间差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。提示腰椎骨性结构参数的变异不是直接导致腰椎间盘突出症的发病原因,但腰椎骨性结构参数的异常在腰椎间盘退行性改变中的作用是不可否认的。     

椎小关节变性与腰椎滑脱-CT表现和联系

目的：观察椎小关节变性不稳定变与腰椎滑脱之间的关系。方法：分析25例腰椎滑脱而未见椎弓峡部断裂患者的腰椎CT，主要观察滑脱椎体小关节的情况。结果：椎小关节不同程度的退行性变，表现有关节突增生硬化、肥大及碎裂。椎小关节面毛糙、间隙狭窄消失，小关节半脱位等。结论：部分腰椎滑脱仅与椎小关节变性不稳定变有关，CT可以清晰显示。     

Differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic spine

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic subjects. DESIGN: Translations and angulations of spondylolisthetic spine from L1-L2 to L5-S1 were documented by taking X-ray films at flexion, standing and extension positions. BACKGROUND: The unstable mechanism of spondylolisthesis leads to lower back pain. It is important to determine the kinematics and the process of spondylolisthesis. METHODS: Nineteen subjects with spondylolisthesis participated in this research, seven subjects with diagnosis of degenerative and 12 with induced spondylolisthesis, were taken lateral radiographs at three positions including flexion, standing and extension. RESULTS: The differences of angulation among three positions (flexion, standing, and extension) at different levels were statistically significant (P<0.05) in both spondylolisthetic groups. The differences of translation among three different positions in induced spondylolisthetic group had a statistical significance (P<0.05) except at the level of L5-S1 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Segmental total translation and angulation at each level of induced spondylolisthetic spine were greater than those of degenerative spondylolisthetic spine except L5-S1 level, which illustrated the evolution of spondylolisthesis from unstable to less unstable. RELEVANCE: The results showed induced spondylolisthesis may link to degenerative spondylolisthesis. It provided essential knowledge to detect the evolution of degenerative spondylolisthesis clinically earlier.     

椎旁肌横截面积变化可导致退行性腰椎滑脱

背景：近年来,关节突关节形态在退变性腰椎滑脱症发病中所起的作用是讨论的焦点,但多集中于关节角及骨关节炎CT表现的研究。有研究表明椎旁肌横截面积的变化被认为可能是退行性腰椎滑脱的病理学诊断的重要标志,但既往的研究由于样本量偏小、研究对象的年龄较小以及测量等诸多问题限制了其结论的准确性。目的：观察退变性腰椎滑脱两侧椎旁肌的MRI影像学变化。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,选取退行性腰椎滑脱的患者80例作为腰椎滑脱组,选取健康者80例作为对照组。应用Image J软件测量两组MRIT2加权像上L3—5椎体下终板水平两侧竖脊肌和腰大肌的横截面积,并计算相关数据的比值。结果与结论：与对照组相比,腰椎滑脱组同侧并同水平椎旁肌的横截面积比值增高（P〈0．05）,同水平左右腰大肌横截面积的均值减小（P〈0．05）,同水平左右竖棘肌横截面积的均值差异均无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结果说明,椎旁肌横截面积的变化可导致退行性腰椎滑脱,可考虑其作为退行性腰椎滑脱的诊断标准。     

Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital lumbar spinal stenosis

AIM: To investigate whether congenital lumbar spinal stenosis (CLSS) is associated with a specific degenerative changes of the lumbar spine.METHODS: The lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging studies of 52 subjects with CLSS and 48 control subjects were retrospectively evaluated. In each examination, the five lumbar levels were assessed for the presence or absence of circumferential or shallow annular bulges, annular tears, anterior or posterior disc herniations, epidural lipomatosis, Schmorl’s nodes, spondylolisthesis, pars defects, and stress reactions of the posterior vertebral elements.RESULTS: Compared to control individuals, subjects with CLSS exhibited increased incidence of circumferential and shallow annular bulges, annular tears, disc herniations and spondylolisthesis (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: CLSS is associated with increased incidence of degenerative changes in specific osseous and soft-tissue elements of the lumbar spine.     

Morphologic Evaluation of Cervical and Lumbar Facet Joints: Intra‐Articular Facet Block Considerations

Study Design: Needle orientations for lumbar and cervical facet injection were measured in cadavers and compared with facet angles measured on magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Objectives: To establish facet orientation relative to clinical procedures of a facet joint block in the cervical and lumbar spine. Methods: Needle orientation angles were measured from 20 unembalmed human cadaveric specimens (13 cervical and 7 lumbar). Spinal needles were inserted into the midpoints of the facet joint spaces from C3 to C7 and L1 to L5. Needle trajectories were measured with an optical tracking system. For comparison, facet angles from 100 clinical MRIs of lumbar spines were also measured. Facet orientations on MRIs were measured at their intersection with the transverse plane, and angles were quantified using image analysis software. Results: Typical angles for insertion of the needle into the cervical facets were oriented closer to the coronal plane, whereas insertion angles for lumbar needles were oriented closer to the sagittal plane. Relative to the sagittal plane, the mean cervical angle was 72 degrees and the mean lumbar angle was 33 degrees. The insertion points of the cervical facets were a mean of 29 mm from the midsagittal plane compared with a mean of 22 mm for the lumbar facets. MRI‐based facet joint angles correlated poorly with actual injection angles, which were overestimated 5 to 23 degrees, depending on the lumbar level. Conclusions: Knowledge of the quantitative anatomy of the facets may help improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. These data also may aid in constructing more realistic computer simulations.     

Need for multiple diagnosis in the presence of spondylolisthesis

A case of sacroiliac syndrome and lumbar facet capsulitis coexisting with an asymptomatic grade II spondylolisthesis is presented. Spinal manipulative therapy is not contraindicated in the presence of spondylolisthesis if specific to the site of joint hypomobility and if the underlying spondylolisthesis is stable. Manipulation may prove to be diagnostic as well as therapeutic. The need to clinically assess whether the spondylolisthesis is symptomatic is discussed.     

不同推拿手法下腰椎小关节应力变化的观察

目的：应用生物力学方法,研究不同腰部推拿手法时腰椎小关节应力变化。方法：将标本固定于生物材料实验机,应用计算机定量[控制,模拟3种推拿手法治疗时的状态（（1）斜扳手法;不加任何荷载3腰椎单位 单纯旋转15度;（2）坐位旋转手法：腰椎纵向压力400N,前屈15度,3腰椎单位单纯进行旋转15度,（3）牵皈手法：腰椎前屈15度,纵向牵引400N,3腰椎单位单纯旋转15度）,应用压敏片测量小关节的应力,结果：模拟三种手法时腰椎小关节内应力差异无显著性,不至发生关节内骨折,结论：在此旋转角度下,手法是安全的。     

Lumbar extension in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: effect on lateral curvature

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that a lumbar pad producing extension of the lumbar spine is of value in posture support seats for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our method was to establish whether or not an increase in lumbar lordosis produced any increase in resistance to static lateral curvature of the supine lumbar spine. Nine boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were studied at an age when they were about to go into a wheelchair or had recently become wheelchair mobile. In each case the child lay supine on low-friction material on an x-ray table while the spine was flexed first to the right and then to the left, with and without a lumbar pad, by a predetermined force. The degree of lateral curvature was measured from anteroposterior radiographs. While lateral forces were applied when the boys were supine rather than seated, the results failed to show a difference in curvature with or without the lumbar pad.