彩色多普勒监测胎儿血流阻力指数与围产儿预后的关系

目的:研究胎儿脐动脉(UmA)、大脑中动脉(McA)、肾动脉(RA)血流阻力指数在围产儿预后中的临床应用价值。方法:彩色多普勒超声测定108例中晚期妊娠妇女(其中妊高征48例,正常妊娠60例)胎儿的UmA、McA及 RA血流速度波形的阻力指数(RI),产后随访围产儿预后。结果:正常妊娠胎儿McA、UmA、RA的RI值随妊娠的进展逐渐下降;且在预测围产儿预后不良中的敏感性和准确性不同。结论:胎儿血流阻力指数直接影响着围产儿预后不良的程度,可为临床提供有价值的预测。     

妊高征患者子宫动脉血流动力学的超声研究

目的：探讨妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）患者子宫动脉血流动力学变化规律及临床意义。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声对47例中晚期妊娠妇女的子宫动脉进行前瞻性研究。根据临床最后诊断将受检查者分为妊高征组（41例）和正常妊娠组（106例）,对比分析两组受检查子宫动脉血流动力学变化及超声图表现,结果：（1）在妊娠21周以前,两组受检者子宫动脉血流参数相差不显著（P＞0．05）。（2）妊娠21周以后,妊高征组子宫动脉收缩期峰血流速度（Vp)较正常妊娠组快,舒张期最小血流速度（Vmin)和平均血流速度（Vmin)减慢（P＞0．01）,妊高征组子宫动脉阻力指数（RI）和搏动指数（PI）比正常妊娠组高（P＜0．01）,收缩期加速度（ACC）增快（P＜0．01）,妊高征组子宫动脉阻力指数（RI）和搏动指数（PI）比正常妊娠组高（P＜0．01）,收缩期加速度（ACC）增快（P＜0．01）,加速时间（AT）和射血时间（ET）缩短（P＜0．05）,妊高征组子宫动脉多普勒频谱表现典型者出现舒张早期“V”切迹,结论：妊高征患者子宫动脉血流动力学和多普勒频谱形态与正常妊娠妇女有明显的不同,常规定期监测中晚期妊娠妇女子宫动脉血流动力学变化及多普勒频谱形态,对早期发现和治疗妊高征,保障母婴健康具有极其重要的意义。     

妊高征患者胎盘床的血流动力学改变

目的：应用彩色多普勒超声检测妊高征患者胎盘床的血流动力学改变。方法：测定83例妊娠妇女(其中正常34例，妊高征49例)胎盘床动脉的血流参数，检测指标包括搏动指数(N)，阻力指数(RI)，收缩期最大速度与舒张末期速度之比(S／D)，时间平均流速(TAV)。同时，对正常孕妇及妊高征患者的胎盘床血管进行三维重建，观察胎盘的三维彩色能量图(3D—CPA)。结果：正常孕妇随孕龄增加，胎盘床动脉PI，RI，S／D下降，TAV升高，各血流参数值在孕30一34周后趋于稳定；妊高征(PIH)患者胎盘床动脉阻力指标PI，RI，S／D升高，TAV降低，在评价妊高征程度方面，PI的改变最为敏感；妊高征患者胎盘床动脉RI，S／D的改变要早于脐动脉；胎盘的3D—CPA图像可清晰显示胎盘床血管的立体树状分支，中重度PIH患者胎盘的3D—CPA图像表现为脐动脉各级分支减少，动脉管径变细，整个胎盘的血液循环减少。结论：胎盘床动脉的血流参数可反映PIH患者病情的变化，胎盘床动脉某些参数的改变要早于脐动脉，胎盘的3D—CPA能够提供较二维超声更多的血流信息，可以更直观地观察整个胎盘的血液循环。     

彩色多普勒超声与甲皱微循环监测妊娠高血压综合症

本文对39例妊娠高血压综合症(简称妊高症)及15例相应孕周正常妊娠妇女胎儿脐动脉多普勒血流频谱及孕妇甲皱微循环进行了观察,分析了它们与妊高征发病机理及病程、胎儿预后的关系。结果显示:脐动脉收缩期血流速度峰值比舒张末期血流速度峰值(S/D)随着病情的加重而增大,由正常时的2.56±0.68     

彩超检测胎儿脐动脉在妊高征诊断中的应用价值

目的：通过检测晚期正常妊娠与妊高征各度脐动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（Vs)，舒张末期血流速度（Vd)，阻力指数（RI），搏动指数（PI），Vs/Vd等指标的比较，探讨妊高征各度对胎儿的影响，方法：B超对96例晚期正常妊娠与87例妊高征，测量胎儿双顶径，腹围，股骨长等，并用计算机软件计算出胎儿体重，以判断胎儿是否有宫内发育迟缓（IUGR），再用彩色多普勒超声对胎儿脐动脉各项指标进行检测，并对Vs/Vd统计学处理。结果：正常孕妇随着孕周的增加，Vs/Vd逐渐下降，32周以下逐渐至1．53－2．67，平均2．40，妊高征组中随着孕周的增加，Vs/Vd下降缓慢，轻，中度妊高征与对照组Vs/Vd比值经统计学处理P＞0．05，无显性差异，重度妊高征与对照组Vs/Vd比值经统计学处理P＜0．01，有高度显性差异，结论：重度妊高征对胎儿生长发育影响最大，如32周后脐动脉仍无舒张末期血流，Vs/Vd比值为无限大，提示胎儿愈合不佳。     

彩色多普勒监测胎儿血流指数与围产儿预后的关系

目的：研究胎儿脐动脉（UmA)、大脑中动脉（McA）、肾动脉（RA）血流阻力指数在围产儿预后中的临床应用价值。方法：彩色多普勒超声测定108例中晚期妊娠妇女（其中妊高征48例，正常妊娠60例）胎儿的UmA、McA及RA的血流速度波形的阻力指数（RI），产后随访围产儿预后。结果：正常妊娠胎儿McA、UmA、RA的RI值随妊娠的进展逐渐下降；且在预测围产儿预后不良中的敏感性和准确性不同。结论：胎儿血流阻力指数直接影响围产儿预后不良的程度，可为临床提供有价值的预测。     

彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿血流的意义

目的：利用彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉、大脑中动脉和肾动脉的血流并综合分析结果，指导产期监护。方法：利用彩色多普勒超声检测48例正常妊娠组妇女与12例妊高征合并胎儿宫内窘迫组患，分别检测胎儿大脑中动脉、脐动脉、肾动脉的血流速度波形，血流搏动指数及阻力指数，胎心收缩期末与舒张期末最大血流速度比，然后随机抽取两组进行综合对照分析。结果：妊高征组脐未能' 动脉各阻抗指数较对照组升高，统计学处理有显性差异（P＜0．05）；两组大脑中动脉各阻抗指数仅有降低趋势，统计学处理无显性差异。结论：综合检测分析胎儿主要动脉血流频谱，其结果可以反映胎儿宫内发育状况，有利于指导产前监护。     

妊娠高血压综合征眼动脉血流动力学检测的临床价值

目的　探讨彩超对孕妇眼动脉的A峰及B峰的血流速度、B/A值、搏动指数 (PI)、阻力指数 (RI)检测在临床观察妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )中的价值。方法　测定 42例妊高征孕妇眼动脉血流参数 (B/A、PI、RI)并与 90例正常孕妇作对照分析以观察血流参数变化。结果　妊高征患者眼动脉血流频谱特征为 :B峰、B/A值较正常孕妇明显升高 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而PI、RI较正常孕妇明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　所测血流参数具有较高的阳性预测值、阴性预测值 ,对妊高征孕妇的早期诊断及预后判断具有较高的临床价值     

多普勒超声检测妊高征胎儿脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流

目的 研究妊高征胎儿血液动力学变化规律,探讨预测胎儿宫内缺氧的临床价值。方法 对正常胎儿和妊高征儿应用彩色多普勒检测脐动脉、大脑中动脉血流并进行相关分析。结果 妊高征胎儿脐动脉血流阻力指标不同程度增高;大脑中动脉血流阻力指标不同程度降低;出生后Apgar分值不同程度降低,以上增高和降低幅度均与妊高征程度有关,即轻度低于中度,中度低于重度。结论 妊高征胎儿血流动力学指标有明显改变,产前多普勒超声检测对预测胎儿宫内缺氧,及时预防和治疗胎儿宫内窘迫,具有一定实用价值。     

脐动脉传输线模型评价胎盘功能的临床应用

目的　探讨评价胎盘功能的新方法。方法　分别取脐动脉的胎儿端和胎盘端 ,利用彩色多普勒超声获得脐动脉多普勒信号 ,转化为声音信号后输入计算机 ,并计算胎盘的阻力 (RL)和搏动指数 (PI)、阻力指数(RI) ,同时多普勒频谱中测定脐动脉搏动指数 (Pia)、脐动脉阻力指数 (Ria)、脐动脉血流阻力 (S/D)。结果　脐动脉血流阻抗随孕周的增加而降低。比较正常和异常妊娠时脐动脉血流阻力指标 ,发现脐动脉传输线模型测定胎盘血流阻抗值较临床上常规指标更为敏感 ,胎盘端脐动脉传输线模型测定胎盘血流阻抗值在异常妊娠组明显高于正常妊娠组。结论　脐动脉传输线模型测定的胎盘血流阻抗是一项较为敏感的监测指标 ,可以客观地反映胎盘床血流阻力的变化 ,在发现异常妊娠方面具有一定的临床价值。     

Blood flow velocity waveforms of the fetal pulmonary artery and the ductus arteriosus: reference ranges from 13 weeks to term.

OBJECTIVE: To establish reference ranges for blood flow velocity waveforms of the fetal main pulmonary artery and the ductus arteriosus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional echocardiographic study was performed in 222 normal fetuses from 13 to 41 weeks of gestation using high resolution/color Doppler ultrasound equipment. RESULTS: Gestational age-specific reference ranges are given for peak velocity across the pulmonary valve, velocities in the ductus arteriosus, peak systolic velocity in the ductus arteriosus-to-peak velocity across the pulmonary valve ratio, ductal systolic velocity-to-diastolic velocity ratio, ductal resistance index and ductal pulsatility index. In the ductus arteriosus, increasing fetal heart rate was significantly associated with increasing end-diastolic velocity and decreasing systolic-to-diastolic ratio, decreasing resistance index, and decreasing pulsatility index. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a prospective study in more than 200 normal fetuses, the data provide gestational age specific reference ranges for blood flow velocity waveforms of the fetal pulmonary artery and the ductus arteriosus. The reference ranges may be helpful in prenatal diagnosis of cardiac malformations and ductal obstruction from 13 to 41 weeks of gestation.     

彩色多普勒超声监测生长迟缓胎儿脐动脉血液循环的变化

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声监测生长迟缓（IUGR）胎儿的脐动脉血液循环。方法 测定130例妊娠20－42周妇女（其中正常49例,IUGR81例）脐动脉时间平均血流速度（TAMX）,收缩期最大血流速度与舒张末期血流速度的比值（S／D）,搏动指数（PI）,阻力指数（RI）,收缩期最大血流速度（Vmax)与舒张末期血流速度（Vmin)。结果 正常孕妇随孕龄增长,胎盘功能增强,胎儿血液循环日渐丰富,IUGR者则明显障碍,在20周时脐动脉TAMX显著下降,在30周后S／D,PI及RI显著升高,Vmin显著下降,在35周时Vmax显著下降,出现舒张期血流停止或倒流。结论 彩色多普勒超声可直接测定脐动脉血流循环,能在早期诊断UGR,判断病情及估计预后。     

脐血流监测对妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇妊娠结局的意义探讨

目的探讨妊娠期高血压患者胎儿脐动脉血流阻力指标对围产儿结局的影响。方法用粘度仪检测正常妊娠孕妇及妊娠期高血压孕妇血浆粘度(PV);用离心机检测红细胞压积(HCT)等;统计分析其妊娠中期(20~27周)及妊娠晚期(28~36周),并测定收缩期最大血流速度和舒张期血流速度的比值(S/D)和脉搏指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)。探讨血液流变学各值与胎儿脐动脉血流指标相关性。结果妊娠高血压组妊娠中、晚期S/D、PI及RI值与正常妊娠组比较均有统计学差异。随着病情进展,中度、重度妊娠高血压组RI、PI值逐渐升高。妊娠期高血压病患者血液HCT、PV等值与胎儿脐动脉血流阻力指标各值呈正相关。结论 HCT、PV对妊娠期高血压病的发生、发展、严重程度及脐动脉血流阻力指标可能有重要影响。多项指标监测妊娠期高血压病患者血液流变学及胎儿脐动脉血流动力学,可提高预测妊娠期高血压症发生、发展及严重程度及其对围产儿预后影响的准确性。     

帆状胎盘孕妇预后与胎儿脐动脉血流超声参数的关系

  目的  分析帆状胎盘孕妇预后与胎儿脐动脉血流超声参数的关系。  方法  选取2018年10月~2021年10月本院收治的102例帆状胎盘孕妇的临床资料及产前超声检查结果进行回顾性分析,依据产妇妊娠结局情况分为妊娠结局良好组(n=60)和妊娠结局不良组(n=42),并选取同期于本院接受孕检的正常孕妇50例作为对照组。采用脉冲多普勒超声检查测定胎儿脐动脉血流收缩末期峰值流速与舒张末期峰值流速的比值(S/D)及阻力指数。比较各组的S/D比值及阻力指数情况,采用Pearson相关性分析S/D比值、阻力指数与分娩孕周、胎儿出生体质量的关系,采用Spearman相关性分析S/D比值、阻力指数与胎儿不良结局率及产妇产后出血率的关系。  结果  妊娠结局不良组的S/D比值及阻力指数均高于妊娠结局良好组和对照组(P < 0.05)。随着S/D比值及阻力指数的增加,孕妇的分娩孕周越短、胎儿的出生体质量越低,胎儿结局不良率及产妇产后出血率越高(P < 0.05)。进一步相关性分析显示,S/D比值、阻力指数与分娩孕周、胎儿的出生体质量呈反比,与胎儿的结局不良率、产妇产后出血率呈正比(P < 0.05)。  结论  胎儿脐动脉血流超声参数S/D比值、阻力指数与帆状胎盘孕妇预后明显相关,且S/D比值、阻力指数越高,分娩孕周越提前、胎儿的出生体质量越低,胎儿的结局不良率越高。      

Doppler velocimetry of the uterine artery as a screening test for gestational hypertension.

Doppler ultrasound was used to study the main uterine artery flow velocity waveforms in an unselected population of 272 primiparous women at 22 weeks' gestation. The incidences of subsequent complications were as follows: gestational hypertension alone, 4.4%; intrauterine fetal growth retardation alone, 4%; and gestational hypertension with intrauterine growth retardation, 3.6%. The flow velocity waveform was considered abnormal when the resistance index in the uterine artery was greater than 0.58. This identified 9.5% of the population as 'at risk' and predicted either of the above outcomes with an overall sensitivity of 74% (kappa index, 0.72). The sensitivity of prediction for gestational hypertension alone was 50% while for proteinuric gestational hypertension it was 88%. The best result was obtained for the prediction of pregnancies affected by both gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation, where the sensitivity was 100%.     

Doppler ultrasonography in early pregnancy does not predict adverse pregnancy outcome.

A transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler study was performed on 330 pregnancies at 7-16 weeks of gestation. Blood flow velocity waveforms were recorded from the main uterine arteries and their branches (arcuate and trophoblastic vessels) and from the umbilical arteries. The systolic/diastolic velocity ratio and the pulsatility index were calculated as indices of vascular resistance, respectively, at uterine and umbilical levels. A total of 282 patients had an uneventful pregnancy outcome, 19 developed an early pregnancy failure (missed abortion, n = 8; anembryonic pregnancy, n = 11) and 29 developed later complications such us hypertension (n = 10), fetal growth retardation (n = 13) or both n = 6). In normal pregnancies, Doppler-measured vascular resistances significantly decreased with advancing gestation at the level of both uterine and umbilical circulations. When the Doppler indices of the patients with early pregnancy failure or with later complications were compared to those of normal pregnancies, no evident differences were found in either of the vascular districts considered. However, in the patients who developed hypertension and/or fetal growth retardation, abnormal velocity waveforms were frequently present in uterine and umbilical arteries during second- or third-trimester examinations. Our results suggest a limited clinical value of Doppler velocimetry in early pregnancy.     

彩色多普勒血流动力学指标预测胎儿缺氧及酸中毒的价值

目的： 评价血液动力学指标预测胎儿缺氧及酸中毒的价值。方法： 用彩色多普勒超声检测 ５４ 例正常晚 期妊娠 （正常组） 和 ３６ 例高危妊娠 （高危组） 妇女子宫动脉 （ＵｔＡ） 和胎儿脐动脉 （Ｕｍ Ａ）、大脑中动脉（Ｍ ＣＡ）、肾动脉 （ＲＡ） 的血流速度波型 （ＦＶＷ ｓ）, 并且测定高危组脐动脉血气。结果： 高危组ＵｔＡ、Ｕｍ Ａ、ＲＡ 的阻力指数 （ＲＩ） 搏动指数 （ＰＩ） 及收缩期最大血流速度与舒张末期血流速度的比值 （Ｓ／Ｄ） 均高于正常组, 而Ｍ ＣＡ的ＰＩ及Ｓ／Ｄ 值均明显低于正常组 （Ｐ＜ ００５）。与Ｕｍ Ａ 氧分压 （ＰＯ２） ＞ ２５ｋＰａ 的高危妊娠病例比较, Ｕｍ Ａ ＰＯ２＜２５ ｋＰａ 者ＵｔＡ 的Ｓ／Ｄ 值, Ｕｍ Ａ 的ＰＩ, Ｓ／Ｄ 值以及ＲＡ 的ＲＩ、ＰＩ、Ｓ／Ｄ 值均明显增高, Ｍ ＣＡ 的ＰＩ明显降低 （Ｐ＜００５）。Ｕｍ Ａ 及ＲＡ 的ＰＩ与Ｕｍ Ａ ＰＯ２ 的ｐＨ 值呈负相关, 与二氧化碳分压 （ＰＣＯ２） 呈正相关, Ｍ ＣＡ 的ＰＩ与Ｕｍ Ａ的 ｐＨ、ＰＯ２ 呈正相关, 与ＰＣＯ２ 呈负相关。结论： 高危妊娠胎儿缺氧时, Ｍ ＣＡ 血流阻力降低, 而周围血管, 特别是肾血管血流阻力明显升高。胎儿血液动力学变化与缺氧及酸碱平衡失     

Color Doppler imaging of the uteroplacental circulation in the middle trimester: observations on the development of a low-resistance circulation.

We aimed to study the changes in the flow dynamics of the uteroplacental and umbilical circulations in the middle trimester of normal pregnancy, and establish normal ranges for indices of the Doppler flow velocity waveforms (FVWs) from both circulations at 14, 18 and 24 weeks. A longitudinal study was conducted with the use of color Doppler imaging to localize both uterine arteries and umbilical arteries and obtain FVWs from 106 healthy nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy. Of these, 70 did not have a complicated pregnancy outcome, defined as hypertension, growth retardation, preterm delivery or perinatal death. We measured the resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio and presence of early diastolic notching in both uterine arteries, and RI, PI and S/D in one umbilical artery. The results showed a fall in all measured indices of blood flow impedance in the uteroplacental and umbilical circulations and a marked reduction in the incidence of the early diastolic notch in the uterine artery FVWs during the mid-trimester. Our conclusion was that color Doppler imaging allows for the accurate localization of both uterine and umbilical arteries. Doppler FVWs then obtained confirm the development of the low-resistance uteroplacental and umbilical circulations in the mid-trimester. Diastolic notching is common at 14 weeks in normal pregnancy but uncommon at 24 weeks.     

Fetal adrenal artery velocimetry measurements in appropriate-for-gestational age and intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate adrenal artery blood flow in the fetus. DESIGN AND METHOD: Sixty-two appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 20 intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses were recruited to this cross-sectional study between 22 and 42 weeks of pregnancy in a tertiary referral fetal medicine unit of a university hospital. ENDPOINTS: Doppler velocimetry of the fetal adrenal, umbilical (UA), renal and middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV) and cerebroplacental ratio (MCA RI/UA RI; CPR). Obstetric outcome. RESULTS: The adrenal artery was detected in 82% of the fetuses. All flow velocity waveforms obtained from the adrenal artery indicated low impedance blood flow. No significant changes in PI, RI, PSV and TAMXV occurred with advancing gestation. The blood flow parameters of the adrenal artery did not differ between AGA and IUGR fetuses. In five IUGR fetuses with signs of redistribution of cardiac output in favor of the brain, the adrenal artery velocimetry results were unremarkable. The adrenal artery PI, RI, PSV and TAMXV values were higher in female fetuses than in male fetuses (P < 0.05). A relationship was observed between the velocity measurements and the estimated fetal weight (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The fetal adrenal artery could be readily detected. We observed no redistribution of blood flow in favor of the fetal adrenals in IUGR fetuses which were not severely compromised.     

子宫动脉超声多普勒血流监测在妊娠期高血压疾病晚期中的应用

目的 探讨子宫动脉超声多普勒血流监测在妊娠期高血压疾病晚期中的应用价值.方法 超声检测68例妊娠期高血压疾病和47例正常妊娠孕妇(对照组)的子宫动脉血流动力学参数:收缩-舒张流速比(S/D)、阻力指数、搏动指数,比较两组子宫动脉各血流参数及妊娠结局的差异;同时将妊娠期高血压疾病阻力指数正常组与异常组的妊娠结局进行比较....