香港版偏瘫上肢功能测试评定脑卒中患者上肢功能的效度和信度研究

目的探讨香港版偏瘫上肢功能测试(FTHUE-HK)评定脑卒中患者上肢功能的效度和信度。 方法采用FTHUE-HK、Fugl-Meyer量表上肢部分(FMA)和改良巴氏指数(MBI)对42例入选脑卒中患者在1周内进行2次评定,分析其FTHUE-HK、FMA和MBI评定结果,并验证FTHUE-HK的效度;分析2次FTHUE-HK的评定结果,验证FTHUE-HK的重测信度和评估者间信度。 结果2次FTHUE-HK评定结果与FMA总分具有高度相关性（r=0.981、0.982,P<0.01）,且与MBI总分高度相关（r=0.892、0.896,P<0.01）。FTHUE-HK的重测结果和组间结果高度相关,其重测组内相关系数ICC=0.983,组间相关系数ICC=0.985。 结论FTHUE-HK量表评定脑卒中后上肢功能状况具有良好的效度和信度。     

脑卒中患者姿势评定量表的效度及信度研究

目的探讨脑卒中患者姿势评定量表(PASS)的效度和信度,为临床应用提供客观依据。方法2组受试对象参加了测试,一组为病例组(27例),另一组为对照组(30例)。1周内对两组对象用PASS和Fugl-Meyer量表中的平衡部分(FM-B)进行2次评定,病例组同时用Berg平衡量表(BBS)评定。将PASS结果与FM-B、BBS作相关性检验来验证PASS的效度;对2次PASS结果作相关性分析来测试PASS的重复测量信度。结果PASS和FM-B、BBS总分高度相关(r=0.943-0.944、r=0.957);PASS各项内容2次重复测试结果高度相关,其组内相关系数ICC=0.945-0.962,组间相关系数ICC=0.982-0.992;病例组和对照组的PASS总分分别为(16.43±10.44)分、(35.32±0.95)分,两者间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论PASS具有良好的效度和信度,可用于姿势控制能力的评价。     

Wolf运动功能测试量表评定脑卒中急性期患者上肢功能的效度和信度研究

目的：探讨Wolf运动功能测试量表（WMFT）评定脑卒中急性期患者上肢功能的效度和信度,为临床应用提供客观依据。方法：脑卒中急性期患者共23例自愿参加本研究;1周内对所有病例应用WMFT和Fugl-Meyer量表中上肢运动功能测试部分(U-FMA)进行2次评定。将WMFT结果与U-FMA作相关性检验来验证WMFT的效度;对2次WMFT结果作相关性分析来测试WMFT的重复测量信度。结果：WMFT总分和U-FMA总分的高度相关（r=0.922、0.929,P＜0.001）。WMFT各项内容的时间中位数和等级均数的2次重复测试结果高度相关,其组间相关系数ICC=0.989、0.997,组内相关系数ICC=0.980、0.991。结论：Wolf 运动功能测试量表具有良好的效度和信度,可用于脑卒中急性期患者的上肢功能的评价。     

平衡试验中简易器具测量骨盆位移的信度和效度研究

目的评价简易器具测量骨盆位移的信度和效度。方法两名测试者采用简易器具测量20名体健年轻人立位身体重心前后左右移动时的骨盆位移。检验其重测信度及不同测试者间的信度;并与功能性前伸试验(FRT)测量结果比较检验其效度。结果采用简易器具测量骨盆位移的试验方法,其组内相关系数ICC=0.91～0.97,组间相关系数ICC=0.94～0.98;与功能性前伸测试（FRT）位移平衡功能评定方法之间有高度相关 (r=0.88,P<0.01)。结论简易器具测量骨盆位移试验可用于平衡功能的定量评定。     

中文版躯干损伤量表评定脑卒中患者躯干功能的信度及效度研究

目的:探讨中文版躯干损伤量表(TIS)评定脑卒中患者躯干功能的信度及效度,为该量表的临床应用提供客观依据。方法:病例组和对照组各50例参加了本研究,病例组进行TIS、Fugl-Meyer中的平衡部分(FM-B)和Berg平衡量表(BBS)评定,并在2天内完成TIS第二次评定;对照组进行1次的TIS和FM-B评定。将两次TIS的结果做相关性分析测试其信度;将TIS结果与FM-B、BBS作相关性分析检验其效度。结果:TIS两次测试结果高度相关,重测信度组内相关系数(ICC)为0.899-0.971,测量者间ICC为0.843-0.973;TIS与FM-B、BBS总分高度相关(r=0.891,r=0.858);病例组和对照组的TIS总分分别为21.7±1.3分和13.5±4.3分,两者间差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:中文版TIS具有良好的效度、信度和区分度,可用于脑卒中患者躯干功能的评价。     

上肢功能评定量表对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能评价的信效度研究

目的 探讨上肢功能评定量表评定脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的信度和效度.方法 采用上肢功能评定量表、Fugl-Meyer量表上肢部分和Barthel指数,对35例脑卒中偏瘫患者相隔2周进行2次评定,分析上肢功能评定量表、Fugl-Meyer量表上肢部分、Barthel指数评定结果,并验证上肢功能评定量表的标准效度;采用探索性因子分析方法,验证上肢功能评定量表的结构效度;分析2次上肢功能评定量表的评定结果,验证上肢功能评定量表的重测信度和评价者间信度.结果 上肢功能评定量表的重测结果和组间结果高度相关,其重测组内相关系数在0.884以上,组间相关系数在0.965以上.两位评价者上肢功能评定量表评定结果与Fugl-Meyer量表上肢部分和Barthel指数总分具有高度相关性,r值分别在-0.918和-0.771以上.通过条目筛选和探索性因子分析,共得出4个公因子.结论 上肢功能评定量表具有较好的信度和效度,可以用于脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的评定.     

上肢康复机器人辅助治疗在脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能康复中的应用

目的:分析上肢康复辅助训练系统在脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能恢复中的效果。方法:脑卒中偏瘫患者90例,随机分为对照组和观察组各45例,均采取常规康复训练,观察组还给予上肢康复机器人辅助治疗。比较2组患者治疗前和治疗1月后改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)及功能独立性评定(FIM)的评分情况。结果:观察组治疗1月后肘关节MAS评分较治疗前明显下降,且较对照组明显下降(P<0.01),对照组治疗前后评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组治疗1月后肩关节MAS评分较治疗前均下降,且观察组较对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。2组治疗1月后FMA-UE评分较治疗前均升高,且观察组较对照组显著升高(P<0.01)。与治疗前相比,2组治疗1月后FIM量表评分均明显升高(P<0.01),且观察组较对照组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:在常规康复训练的基础上,应用上肢康复机器人辅助治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者可有效改善上肢运动功能。     

位置矢量分析在偏瘫患者平衡功能评定中的应用

目的探讨位置矢量分析在偏瘫患者平衡功能评定中的应用。方法应用平衡仪分别对30例健康志愿者和30例脑卒中偏瘫患者在静止、睁眼条件下,双脚站立位时的平衡功能进行检查。其中10例偏瘫患者分别于康复训练前后进行检查。结果正常组位置矢量图以前-后型为主;脑卒中偏瘫患者左-右型最多,斜型次之。脑卒中患者的位置矢量值均明显大于正常人(P<0.01)。10例接受康复治疗的脑卒中患者站立时姿势控制能力部分改善,治疗前后6个方向的检测值差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论位置矢量分析在对偏瘫患者平衡功能障碍的诊断和跟踪康复训练疗效方面具有独特的临床应用价值。     

下肢康复机器人训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者运动能力和日常生活活动能力的影响

目的探讨下肢康复机器人训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者运动能力及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法 2015年6月~2016年7月,本院40例首次脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为对照组(n=20)和实验组(n=20)。两组均予常规康复治疗,实验组另行下肢康复机器人训练。共6周。治疗前后采用简式Fugl-Meyer下肢运动量表、Fugl-Meyer平衡量表、Holden步行功能分级和改良Barthel指数评定法对两组运动功能、平衡功能、步行能力及日常生活活动能力进行评定。结果治疗后,两组Fugl-Meyer下肢运动量表评分、Fugl-Meyer平衡量表评分、Holden步行功能分级和改良Barthel指数较治疗前明显升高(χ28.980,t3.902,P0.01),且实验组高于对照组(χ2=7.632,t2.075,P0.05)。结论下肢康复机器人训练有助于提高脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能、平衡功能、步行能力及生活自理能力。     

匹兹堡康复参与量表的预测效度和信度研究

摘要 目的：探讨汉化匹兹堡康复参与量表评定脑卒中患者康复参与的预测效度和信度,为其应用提供依据。 方法：选取2010年8月—2012年10月间,在石家庄市中心医院康复医学一科住院接受康复训练的脑卒中患者。运用匹兹堡康复参与量表（PRPS）、Barthel指数（BI）、美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表（NIHSS）评价。采用SPSS 17.0版统计学软件分析结果,考察康复参与评分对ADL能力提高值预后的影响力、康复参与量表的预测效度和信度。 结果：多元回归分析显示康复参与评分对日常生活能力提高值预后的影响力（标准系数为0.248,P＜0.05）;PRPS平均分与Barthel指数变化值呈高度正相关性,相关系数r为0.786（P＜0.01）;评定员A、评定员B对于作业治疗和运动治疗的PRPS评分具有高度相关性,相关系数r为0.856（P＜0.01）。评定员A对同一患者运动疗法、作业疗法评定结果也具有高度相关性,相关系数r为0.926（P＜0.01）。 结论：汉化PRPS平均分对于评价脑卒中患者康复参与的能力具有良好的预测效度和信度。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.