Educational preparation for maternal, child and family health nurses in Australia

KRUSKE S. & GRANT J. (2012) Educational preparation for maternal, child and family health nurses in Australia. International Nursing Review 59 , 200–207 Aim: The study aims to map and critique the current postgraduate educational nursing programmes offered to nurses and midwives in maternal, child and family health in Australia. Background: Nursing specialties that focus on the early years of child health and development are based on international recognition of the developmental needs of the growing infant and of the social, health and economic consequences of failing to support families to raise their children in optimal environments. Little is known whether the educational programmes that prepare maternal, child and family health nurses (MCFHNs) for practice in Australia have kept up with new knowledge and understanding of the early years of life. Methods: A survey of all maternal, child and family health education programmes offered in Australia was undertaken. Findings: Marked variations in course titles, length, content, clinical exposure and award exist across the 12 institutions offering such programmes in Australia. Many institutions provide inadequate preparation in some of the core skills required of the workforce. Conclusion: The establishment of minimum standards for the education of MCFHNs across Australia is required. This study also highlights the need for further research around the scope of practice of MCFHNs, and the role of midwives who are not nurses, in this specialty area.     

护理干预在颅内肿瘤病人家属中的应用

目的探讨护理干预措施对颅内肿瘤病人家属生命体征指标改变的作用。方法将进行手术疗法的63例颅内肿瘤病人的直系亲属(配偶、子女、父母)按首次住院先后顺序分为2组,干预组32例,对照组31例,对照组根据本院制定的外科病人健康教育计划单对病人进行健康教育,干预组对病人家属同步实施护理干预。结果对照组生命体征在手术中血压、脉搏指标变化有显著性差异(P<0.05),干预组生命体征在手术中血压、脉搏指标无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论对颅内肿瘤病人家属进行护理干预是完全必要的。     

家庭养老服务中心养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知与需求

目的 了解家庭养老服务中心养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知和需求情况.方法 采用自行设计的调查表,调查大连市4所家庭养老服务中心75名养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知和需求情况.结果 本组75名养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知得分为18-42（29.96±5.16）分,73名（97.3%）养老护理员认为自己需要学习老年护理相关知识.结论 社区养老护理员对相关老年护理知识了解不够,为了适应社区养老护理发展的需求,有必要对养老护理员组织系统培训.     

La visita infantil a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos desde la experiencia de las enfermeras

BackgroundFamily process disruption is one of the main consequences of the hospitalization of a critically ill child in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Children's visits to PICU may help improve family coping. However, this is not a standard practice and nurses’ experiences in facilitating children's visits to units where it is encouraged is unknown.AimTo explore nurses’ experience related to promoting the visits of siblings to PICU.MethodsAn interpretative phenomenological study was carried out through in-depth interviews in two PICUs belonging to third level public hospitals in Madrid. Twelve nurses with more than two years of experience in PICU were interviewed. They all were working in PICU during the study. Furthermore, a PICU psychologist with an experience of four years was interviewed and this was considered shadowed data. Data analysis followed a thematic discourse analysis.ResultsNurses’ experience of facilitating children's visits to PICU can be condensed into four themes: emerging demand for visits, progressive preparation, decision-making through common consensus and creating intimate spaces.ConclusionsThe experience of nurses in facilitating visits is mainly in response to the demand of families going through prolonged hospitalisation or end-of-life situations. The role of the nurse is one of accompaniment, recognising the major role of parents in the preparation of children and in developing the visit. Nurses feel insecure and lack resources for emotional support and demand action protocols to guide intervention and decision making.     

以家庭为中心的护理模式在原发性肾病综合征患儿中的应用效果

目的探讨以家庭为中心的护理模式在原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿护理中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2018年1月—2019年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院收治的120例PNS患儿作为研究对象,按照住院顺序分为观察组和对照组,各60例。对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组在对照组基础上采用以家庭为中心的护理模式。比较两组患儿病情缓解率、复发率及护理总满意度,并采用儿少主观生活质量问卷对生活质量进行评价。结果干预后,观察组患儿病情复发率为5.00%(3/60),低于对照组的16.67%(10/60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿病情缓解率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组患儿认知水平、情感水平、总体水平评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿护理满意度为95.00%(57/60),高于对照组的76.67%(46/60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以家庭为中心的护理模式能有效改善PNS患儿的生活质量,降低复发率,提高护理满意度,值得临床应用。     

眼科病房应用全程分期健康教育沟通卡的效果观察

目的：探讨眼科病房健康教育的有效方式。方法根据入院时间将患者分为对照组和观察组各100例。对照组给予传统教育方式，观察组采用全程分期健康教育沟通卡方式。结果观察组健康教育落实率、服务满意度均优于对照组（P＜0．01），差异有显著意义。结论全程分期健康教育沟通卡与住院流程紧密结合，递进式学习促进患者理解，并方便重复学习，提高了患者的健康教育落实率和服务满意度。     

Using Standardized Nursing Languages: A Case Study Exemplar on Management of Diabetes Mellitus

PURPOSE. This case study illustrates the characteristics of the nursing diagnosis readiness for enhanced self health management. DATA SOURCES. Published literature, experience, and expertise of the author were utilized as data sources. DATA SYNTHESIS. The standardized nursing languages of NANDA International, Nursing Outcomes Classification, Nursing Interventions Classification, and interventions related to the client's management of diabetes were derived for the case study. CONCLUSION. The use of standardized nursing languages with interventions related to the management of type 2 diabetes provided a framework for nurses to support clients with enhanced self‐management to improve their outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE. The use of standardized nursing language in the management of type 2 diabetes can improve client outcomes.     

Focal hepatic nodules after transcatheter oily chemoembolization; detection with spiral CT versus conventional CT

Background: The objective of this study was to determine if spiral computed tomography (CT) results in increased rate of detection of focal hepatic nodules containing iodized oil after transcatheter oily chemoembolization when compared with conventional CT. Methods: Spiral CT with single 24-s breath-hold technique was compared with conventional sequential CT in 42 patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinomas. Two sets of CT scans obtained after transcatheter oily chemoembolization were independently reviewed by two radiologists. The slice thickness was 10 mm for both data sets. The number and sizes of focal hepatic nodules containing iodized oil were documented. All 42 patients had at least one hepatic nodule. The lesion size varied from 2 mm to 12 cm. Results: In six of the 42 patients, more hepatic nodules could be identified on spiral CT compared with conventional CT. When scans with spiral CT were used, 107 nodules were detected, whereas 98 nodules were detected with conventional CT. Overall, nine (9%) more nodules were detected with spiral CT (<+>p= .002). If lesions larger than 2 cm are excluded, nine (15%) more lesions were detected with spiral CT (<+>p= .002). Conclusion: Spiral CT results in increased rate of detection of focal hepatic nodules after transcatheter oily chemoembolization, particularly in lesions smaller than 2 cm. Received: 11 October 1994/Accepted: 6 November 1994     

Enhancing ascites: an aid to CT diagnosis

Enhancement of ascitic fluid on delayed contrast-enhanced CT has been described as a potential pitfall in diagnosis. We present a case in which the phenomenon was beneficial to diagnosis. Enhancement of ascites was useful in delineating the entire extent of a cystic pelvic mass. We also discuss probable molecular and histologic mechanisms responsible for this unique type of enhancement. Received: 8 August 1994/Accepted after revision: 17 November 1994     

Radiographic findings of intractable gastric ulcers with H2-receptor antagonists

Background: To clarify the radiographic characteristics of intractable gastric ulcers with H₂-receptor antagonists. Methods: The radiographic findings at the time of starting treatment were compared between 42 patients with gastric ulcers that did not heal within eight weeks of starting treatment with H₂-receptor antagonists (the intractable group) and 58 patients whose ulcers healed within the eight-week period (the tractable group). Results: The following radiographic findings in the intractable group were observed at a significantly higher incidence than those in the tractable group and included: an ulcer located on the angle, linear ulcers, a greater depth, an uneven mound surrounding an ulcer, prominent folds' convergence, an overhanging gastric mucosa, an irregular ulcer base, a shortening of the lesser curvature and a U-shaped deformity of the angle. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the following three factors had a significant and independent delaying effect on healing: a U-shaped deformity of the angle, an uneven mound surrounding an ulcer and prominent folds' convergence. The relative risk of these factors were 12.7, 14.4 and 12.5, respectively. Conclusions: Intractable gastric ulcer with H₂-receptor antagonists can be predicted based on the characteristic radiographic findings at the start of treatment. Received: 23 December 1994/Accepted: 25 January 1995     

Hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous change: characteristic findings of two-phased incremental CT

Background: Because of its poor prognosis, the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous change (HCCSC) is clinically important. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the characteristic CT findings of HCCSC. Methods: Two-phased dynamic incremental CT images of six histologically proven HCCSC were retrospectively reviewed. Results: All tumors (100%) exhibited peripheral enhancement on delayed CT images. Lymphadenopathy was observed in 100% (six of six patients); intrahepatic metastases, in 83% (five of six). Both metastatic lesions showed findings similar to those of the primary hepatic tumors, such as peripheral enhancement. Histopathologically, delayed and/or prolonged peripherally enhanced areas consisted of viable cancer cells with sarcomatous changes. Conclusions: The appearance of HCCSC on CT is that of an irregularly demarcated intrahepatic mass with delayed or prolonged peripheral enhancement, frequently with intrahepatic metastases and lymphadenopathy. Received: 5 December 1994/Accepted: 4 January 1995     

Peritoneopleural communication associated with cirrhotic ascites: scintigraphic demonstration

Demonstration of peritoneopleural communication in patients with cirrhotic ascites has an important impact on treatment planning. We studied 12 such patients and found presence of peritoneopleural communication in five. Two had bilateral, one right-side and two left-side, pleural effusion. Pleural fluid protein content was less than 2 g/dL in all patients. Received: 30 January 1995/Accepted: 4 March 1995