四氢小檗碱衍生物86035对豚鼠心室肌L型钙通道的抑制作用

目的　研究氯苄基四氢小檗碱 (CPU) 86 0 35对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞L型钙通道的抑制作用 ,分析对L型钙通道相互作用的状态依赖性。方法　采用膜片钳全细胞技术 ,记录不同浓度(5 0～ 2 5 0 μmol/L)CPU86 0 35作用前后的L型钙电流 (ICa L)。结果　 (1)CPU86 0 35呈剂量依赖性地抑制L型钙电流 ,半数抑制浓度 (IC50 )为 75 μmol/L。(2 )CPU86 0 35对L型钙电流的抑制依赖于保持电位(HP)。HP =- 4 0mV时 ,75 μmol/LCPU86 0 35的抑制率为 4 9%± 2 % ,HP =- 80mv时 ,抑制率为6 4 %± 4 %。 (3)CPU86 0 35作用后 ,稳态激活曲线右移 ,V1/ 2 由对照的 6 7mV± 1 6mV变为 15 4mV±0 8mV。 (4)CPU 86 0 35作用后 ,稳态失活曲线右移 ,V1/ 2 由对照的 - 19 1mV± 2 5mV变为 - 12 6mV± 2 7mV。 (5 )用药后L型钙通道从失活状态恢复的时间变长。结论　CPU86 0 35对L型钙通道有较强的抑制作用 ,药物可能主要与通道的静息状态结合     

离体新生大鼠运动神经元的电学特性

在新生大鼠脊髓切片,对经逆行激活鉴定的运动神经元进行常规细胞内记录,测得静息电位-67±3mV,膜电阻91±50MΩ,时间常数4.7±1.6ms,I-V曲线显示轻度正常整流性质。直接动作电位幅值74±4mV,阈电位-52±6mV,I-F曲线表明紧张型放电频率随去极化电流增大而升高。在4个细胞记录到自发的锋电位发放,其频率随膜超极化而降低,是否节律性活动有待进一步研究。     

藻酸双酯钠对豚鼠心室肌细胞离子电流的作用

目的:观察藻酸双酯钠(Polysaccharide sulfate,PSS)对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞离子流的影响。方法:采用Ⅰ型胶原酶分离单个豚鼠心室肌细胞的方法,利用全细胞膜片箝记录技术,在不同箝制条件下,记录并分析了PSS对L-型Ca2+电流(ICa,L)、内向整流K+电流(IK1)的影响。结果:①PSS使ICa,L的激活时间常数变大,电流幅度减小,Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线上移。在箝制电位为+10 mV时,PSS在6-9 min内使ICa,L的激活时间常数从(0.92±0.10)ms增加到了(1.15±0.11)ms(n=5,P<0.052);ICa,L的电流幅度从(16.80±1.71)pA/pF下降至(13.86±1.67)pA/pF(n=5,P<0.01)。②PSS可使IK1的内向成分和外向成分均增加。当箝制电位在-170 mV时,PSS能使IK1内向电流幅度从(224±16.17)pA／pF增加至(257±17.36)pA／pF(n=7,P<0.01);箝制电位在-50 mV时,PSS使IK1的外向电流幅度从(8.89±0.86)pA／pF增加至(10.38±1.18)pA／pF(n=7,P<0.05)。在反转电位附近时(-70--120 mV),PSS的作用不明显。PSS能使IK1的激活时间常数减小,当箝制电位在-160 mV时,激活时间常数从加药前的(1.05±0.11)ms减小到了加药后的(0.78±0.90)ms(n=7,P<0.01);同时,IK1的电导值变大,从(2.53±0.17)nS／pF增加到了(2.82 ±0.20)nS／pF(n=7,P<0.05)。结论:PSS对L-型Ca2+电流有抑制作用,对内向整?     

人肺腺癌细胞膜钾通道特性研究

目的 研究人肺腺癌细胞系A-549细胞膜离子通道特性.方法 采用膜片钳技术全细胞记录方式检测A-549细胞膜离子通道的特性.结果 人肺腺癌细胞系A-549细胞获得稳定的高阻封接的最佳培养时间是细胞传代培养48 h,细胞膜跨膜离子电流具有电压依赖性,在500 ms内不失活,其翻转电位为-70～-80 mV,与细胞膜K 电流的平衡电位相一致.该细胞平均膜电容为(15.13±1.02) pF,TP为 110 mV时细胞膜跨膜通道的电流密度为(48.73±8.58) pA/pF.TP为-40～ 110 mV时,细胞膜跨膜通道激活时间常数为12.57～3.14 ms.该跨膜电流能被钾通道阻断剂TEA和CsCl所阻断,表明该跨膜离子电流为K 电流.结论 在人肺腺癌细胞系A-549细胞膜上存在一种类似于神经元和肌肉细胞膜上的延迟整流性K 通道.     

大鼠心室肌HCN4质粒在HEK293细胞的表达及电流特征

目的 研究大鼠心室肌细胞超极化环核苷酸门控阳离子通道(HCN4)基因瞬时转染人胚胎肾细胞(HEK293)表达和通道电流特征.方法 利用脂质体介导大鼠HCN4基因pTracer-CMV-GFP穿梭载体,转染HEK293细胞进行扩增,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT- PCR)检测HCN4 mRNA表达,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录HEK293细胞上HCN4电流.结果 大鼠起搏通道基因瞬时转染HEK293细胞,记录到一系列超极化内向离子流,该电流呈电压、时间依赖性,没有明显的失活,在-150 mV时电流幅值为(540±24.1)pA,电流密度为(9.6±0.7)pA/pF(n＝12),半激活电压(V1/2)为(-105.7±12.0)mV,稳态激活曲线斜率(k)为-15.7mV,HCN4电流翻转电位为(-84.0±7.9)mV.结论 应用脂质体转染方法成功进行了起搏通道HCN4基因的异源性表达.     

KCNE2对Kv4.3通道功能的调节作用

目的研究KCNE2对人类心肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流的主要α亚基-Kv4.3功能的调节。方法通过基因转染技术将Kv4.3或Kv4.3与KCNE2cDNA转入COS-7细胞株,采用膜片钳全细胞记录方式记录通道电流。结果KCNE2对Kv4.3功能有明显调控作用:减小Kv4.3通道电流密度;Kv4.3单独表达组通道电流密度为375.13±112.87pA/pF(n=11),KCNE2与Kv4.3共表达组电流密度为152.96±33.71pA/pF(n=16);减慢Kv4.3通道激活和衰减,在 60mV电压刺激下通道激活达峰值的时间由4.82±0.32ms(n=11)延长至20.41±2.13ms(n=16),P<0.05;通道电压依赖性失活发生正向移位,半数失活电压由-53.62±1.24mV(n=8)移至-46.58±1.6mV(n=10);通道从失活中恢复的速度加快,恢复时间常数由193.43±17.98ms缩短137.71±18.29ms,(n=7,P<0.05)。结论KCNE2可能作为人类心肌细胞膜Kv4.3钾离子通道一个重要的辅助亚基-β亚基参与Ito通道功能的调节。     

鹌鹑心室肌细胞电生理特性的研究

目的　建立鹌鹑单个心室肌细胞的分离方法 ,观察鹌鹑心室肌细胞的电生理特性 ,并探讨不同离子通道在鹌鹑心肌电活动中的作用。方法　采用酶解法分离单个心室肌细胞 ,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录心室肌细胞动作电位和L型钙电流。结果　鹌鹑单个心室肌细胞的静息电位 (RP)为 ( 6 2 .2 8± 2 .6 4 )mV ,超射值 (OS)为 (5 9.38±3.81 )mV ,5 0 %复极时间 (APD50 )和 90 %复极时间 (APD90 )分别为 (80 .4 0± 1 9.1 0 )ms和 (1 2 1 .95± 38.72 )ms。在实验电压 +1 0mV时 ,L型钙电流的峰值为 ( 1 3.2 7± 3.70 )pA pF(n =4 )。结论　鹌鹑心室肌细胞上存在着L型钙电流 ,此电流为构成鹌鹑心室肌细胞动作电位的重要电流之一     

壳聚糖复合他克莫司缓释鞘管促进大鼠坐骨神经再生的实验研究

目的观察壳聚糖复合他克莫司(FK506)缓释鞘管结合3mm小间隙桥接神经对神经再生的影响。方法将45只雄性SD大鼠,随机分成3组,切断双侧坐骨神经制成坐骨神经再生室模型,并保留断端间隙为3mm。实验所用得桥接材料分别是:硅胶管、壳聚糖鞘管、壳聚糖复合FK506缓释鞘管。分别于术后6、8、12周观察桥接材料周围的瘢痕形成及吸收情况,并行神经电生理、组织学观察、图象分析、腓肠肌湿重检测比较各组大鼠坐骨神经的再生与功能恢复情况。结果术后大体标本观察显示:对照组再生室与周围组织粘连较重;壳聚糖鞘管组、壳聚糖复合FK506鞘管组神经桥接处较易与周围组织剥离,粘连轻微。6周时各组再生室均尚存;8周时壳聚糖鞘管组、壳聚糖复合FK506鞘管组桥接材料开始吸收;12周时壳聚糖鞘管组、壳聚糖复合FK506鞘管组桥接材料不完整或仅有碎片残留,神经连续性建立,且与周围组织无明显粘连。评估神经再生的运动神经传导速度、复合肌肉动作电位、潜伏期检测指标,壳聚糖复合FK506鞘管组(10.2m/s±0.8m/s、4.3mV±0.3mV、1.9ms±0.4ms)明显优于对照组(4.2ms±0.5ms、1.2mV±0.3mV、7.5ms±0.4mV)、壳聚糖鞘管组(9.5ms±0.3ms、2.7mV±0.3mV、3.1ms±0.4ms),P<0.05。壳聚糖鞘管组虽然各指标均数优于对照组,但之间差异无统计学意义。结论应用壳聚糖复合FK506缓释鞘管桥接大鼠坐骨神经,在体内稳定2个月以上开始降解,能够明显促进神经再生与功能恢复,且降解产物为多糖类,不影响神经再生微环境。     

哇巴因诱发大鼠心律失常作用靶点的研究

目的　观察哇巴因对大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程、钾通道的作用 ,探讨哇巴因诱发心律失常的作用机制 ,为寻找新的抗心律失常药物提供依据。方法　应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录哇巴因对大鼠心肌细胞动作电位时程 (APD)、内向整流钾电流 (Ik1 )、瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito)的作用。结果　①哇巴因 5μmol/L使大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程从给药前的 86 .3ms± 2 5 .2ms(APD90 ) ,缩短至 58.9ms± 2 0 .8ms(n =5 ,P <0 .0 1 ,给药 1 0min) ;②哇巴因 5μmol/L可增加大鼠心室肌细胞内向整流钾电流 ,使Ik1 从 - 1 868pA± 1 88pA增加到 - 2 393pA± 367pA(刺激电压 - 1 2 0mV ,n=1 0 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ;③哇巴因 5μmol/L可增加大鼠心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流 ,使Ito从 1 2 73pA± 31 8pA增加到 1 70 7pA± 486pA(刺激电压 +60mV ,n =5 ,P <0 .0 1 )。结论　哇巴因诱发室性心律失常可能与它缩短心室肌细胞动作电位时程有关 ,而Ito的增加使二期平台期缩短 ,Ik1 的增加使三期复极加快 ,均参与了动作电位时程缩短的过程。同时增加Ik1 将影响静息膜电位 ,可能使膜反应性增强     

尼可刹米对新生大鼠海马神经元钠通道的影响

目的:观察尼可刹米对新生大鼠海马神经元电压依赖性钠通道的影响.方法:制备大鼠海马脑组织切片,灌流含5 mg/L尼可刹米的人工脑脊液,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录给药前、给药后10 min脑组织切片海马神经元电压依赖性钠电流,绘制给药前后钠通道的钠电流一测试电压(I-V)曲线、稳态激活曲线和稳态失活曲线.结果:尼可刹米在脑电位-50-+20 mV范围内增大钠电流.尼可刹米使钠通道稳态激活曲线中钠通道半数激活电压由(-34.6±3.07)mV变为(-37.63±3.37)mV(t=3.38,P=0.02),曲线向超极化方向变化;尼可刹米使钠通道的稳态失活曲线中钠通道半数失活电压由(-43.36±3.06)mV变为(-33.24±2.05)mV(t=6.13,P=0.002),曲线向去极化方向变化.结论:增加电压依赖性钠电流可能是尼可刹米兴奋中枢神经元的作用机制之一.     

CPUHY002对大鼠心肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流的影响

目的观察一种新合成的磷酸二酯酶Ⅲ(PDEⅢ)抑制剂CPUHY002对大鼠心肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的影响。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术考察CPUHY002对急性分离大鼠心肌细胞和H9c2细胞系Ito的作用。结果在+50 mV下,CPUHY002对急性分离细胞和H9c2细胞系的Ito呈浓度依赖性抑制,其半数有效抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.98μmol/L和0.91μmol/L;1μmol/L CPUHY002可使I-V曲线明显下移,Ito峰值分别下降(39.10±2.30)%和(47.32±2.06)%,激活曲线右移,失活曲线左移(未见于H9c2),恢复曲线无显著变化。结论 CPUHY002可浓度依赖性地抑制大鼠心肌细胞Ito。     

Effects of sodium ferulate on the ultrarapid delayed rectifier K^＋ current in human atrial myocytes

Objective To study the effects of sodium ferulate on the ultrarapid delayed rectifier K current(Ikur) in human atrial myocytes.MethodsHuman atrial myocytes were isolated by enzyme dispersion method. Ikur in human atrial myocytes were recorded by using the whole cell patch clamp. The changes of Ikur were compared in the absence and the presence of sodium ferulate. ResultsThere was no effect of 0.4 g/L sodium ferulate on I-V relation of Ikur However, 0.4 g/L sodium ferulate inhibited Ikur to some degrees at each test pulse. The current densities of Ikur at 60 mV decreased from 4.997 ± 0.35 PA/PF to 3.331 ± 0.26 PA/PF(n = 6, P ＜ 0.05). The inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent. IC50 was(0.41 ± 0.03)g/L and the Hill coefficient was 0.95 ± 0.05. ConclusionSodium ferulate as a potassium channel blocker can inhibit Ikur in human atrial myocytes effectively.     

参松养心胶囊对心室肌细胞钾通道的影响

目的观察参松养心胶囊干粉提取溶液对大鼠单个心室肌细胞内向整流钾电流(IK1)、瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)以及豚鼠心肌细胞延迟整流钾电流(Ik)的影响。方法用酶解法分离单个心室肌细胞,并用全细胞膜片钳记录技术。结果当药物浓度0.5%时,可以使大鼠心肌细胞IK1内向成分降低,使-100mV时IK1电流密度从(-10.8±1.8)pA/pF降至(-7.2±2.1)pA/pF,平均抑制率为(33.1±16.9)%(n=11,P<0.05),但不改变电流的翻转电位及整流特性。药物同时对Ito电流的瞬时成分有抑制作用,60mV时Ito电流密度从(-19.8±7.1)pA/pF降至(-10.0±3.9)pA/pF,平均抑制率为(50.6±10.8)%(n=6,P<0.05),稳态失活曲线左移,失活后恢复时间常数增大。药物浓度0.5%时,对Ik有电压依赖性抑制作用,50mV时对尾电流峰值的抑制率为(30.8±1.1)%(n=5,P<0.05)。结论参松养心胶囊干粉提取溶液对IK1,Ito和Ik均具有不同程度的阻滞作用。这种多离子通道阻滞作用不仅使参松养心胶囊具有广谱的抗心律失常疗效,减少致心律失常的副作用,对Ito的阻滞效应还将显示其独特的抑制2相折返的作用,值得对其作更深入和广泛的研究。     

Effects of Chinese herbs on multiple ion channels in isolated ventricular myocytes

Background Shensong Yangxin (SSYX) is one of the compound recipe of Chinese materia medica. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SSYX on sodium current (I(Na)), L-type calcium current (I(Ca,L)), transient outward potassium current (I(to)), delayed rectifier current (I(K)), and inward rectifier potassium currents (I(K1)) in isolated ventricular myocytes. Methods Whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to study ion channel currents in enzymatically isolated guinea pig or rat ventricular myocytes. Results SSYX decreased peak I(Na) by (44.84±7.65)% from 27.21±5.35 to 14.88±2.75 pA/pF (n=5, P&lt;0.05). The medicine significantly inhibited the I(Ca,L). At concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/100 ml, the peak I(Ca,L) was reduced by (19.22±1.10)%, (44.82±6.50)% and (50.69±5.64)%, respectively (n=5, all P&lt;0.05). SSYX lifted the I-V curve of both I(Na) and I(Ca,L) without changing the threshold, peak and reversal potentials. At the concentration of 0.5%, the drug blocked the transient component of I(to) by 50.60% at membrane voltage of 60 mV and negatively shifted the inactive curve and delayed the recovery from channel inactivation. The tail current density of I(K) was decreased by (30.77±1.11)% (n=5, P&lt;0.05) at membrane voltage of 50 mV after exposure to the medicine and the time-dependent activity of I(K) was also inhibited. Similar to the effect on I(K), the SSYX inhibited I(K1) by 33.10% at the test potential of –100 mV with little effect on reversal potential and the rectification property. Conclusions The experiments revealed that SSYX could block multiple ion channels such as I(Na) I(Ca,L), I(k), I(to) and I(K1), which may change the action potential duration and contribute to some of its antiarrhythmic effects.     

多非力特对豚鼠心室肌细胞的电生理作用

目的探讨多非力特对心肌细胞电生理作用的特点。方法（1）应用膜片钳全细胞技术记录单个豚鼠心室肌细胞膜延迟整流性钾流（IK）,观察不同浓度多非力特对IK的影响,并探讨IK的快速激活成分（IKr）的电生理特性。（2）标准微电极技术记录豚鼠右室乳头肌细胞动作电位,观察不同浓度多非力特灌流前后动作电位各参数的变化。结果（1）多非力特0.01～0.5μmol/L呈浓度依赖性抑制IK的时间依赖性外向钾流（IK.time）和尾电流（IK.tail）,但浓度再增大至1μmol/L后,此抑制作用趋于最大。对-20mV钳制电压下IK.time、IK.tail的抑制程度比＋50mV时更明显（P〈0.05或0.01）。（2）通道动力学分析发现,多非力特1μmol/L使IK.tail快失活过程消失,慢失活时间常数无明显变化（P〉0.05）。（3）多非力特敏感的电流成分在-40mV开始呈电压依赖性快速激活,峰值电压为0,开始出现内向整流,其IK.tail也呈电压依赖,无内向整流,但膜电位达＋20mV后达饱和,以上均符合IKr的特点。（4）多非力特对动作电位的影响：0.5和1.0μmol/L浓度下可使动作电位时程（APD30、APD90）均明显延长（P〈0.05或〈0.01）,且呈反转频率依赖性。结论多非力特对IK的作用符合特异性IKr阻滞剂的特点,并呈反转频率依赖性延长APD,是其抗心律失常作用的电生理基础。     

Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current and K+ current remodeling in midmyocardial cells of hypertrophic left ventricle]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current (INa+ /Ca2+) and K+ current remodeling in midmyocardial cells of hypertrophic left ventricle for understanding the ionic basis of arrhythmia of the hypertrophic heart. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were divided equally into normal control group and operation group, and in the latter, left ventricular hypertrophy was induced in the rabbits by partial ligation of the abdominal aorta. Action potentials, INa+/Ca2+, slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) and rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) were recorded in the two groups by using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS: At the basic cycle length of 2 s, 90% action potential duration (APD90) in control and operation groups was 522.0+/-19.5 ms (n=6) and 664.7+/-32.7 ms (n=7) respectively; at the testing potential of +40 mV, outward INa+/Ca2+ density in the two groups was 0.94+/-0.11 pA/pF (n=9) and 1.30+/-0.11 pA/pF (n=8) respectively; the testing potential of -100 mV elicited inward INa+/Ca2+ density of 0.40+/-0.05 pA/pF (n=9) and 0.56+/-0.02 pA/pF (n=8) respectively. The testing potential of +50 mV induced IKs tail current density of 0.26+/-0.03 pA/pF (n=8) and 0.17+/-0.01 pA/pF (n=9), and IKr tail current density of 0.34+/-0.02 pA/pF (n=8) and 0.23+/-0.02 pA/pF (n=9) respectively. Statistically significant differences were identified between the control and operation groups in all the above indices measured. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of electrical remodeling changes in midmyocardial cells of hypertrophic left ventricle, exhibited by prolonged action potential, up-regulated INa+/Ca2+ and down-regulated IKs and IKr.     

豚鼠心室肌细胞Ikr快速失活过程的直接测定及意义

目的：直接测定豚鼠心室肌细胞Ｉｋｒ的失活过程。方法：在全细胞电压钳制下采用间期很短（３０ｍｓ）的双刺激法进行观察。结果：Ｉｋｒ的失活过程时程短（〈２０ｍｓ），速度快（从－２０ｍＶ到＋８０ｍＶ），呈电压依赖性。结论：Ｉｋｒ的内向整流作用是由其失活过程所致。双刺激法直接测定技术能更好地模拟心律失常过程，对心律失常的发生机理及抗心律失常药物作用的研究有重要价值。     

Electrical heterogeneity of canine right ventricular transient outward potassium currents

Background Some studies have confirmed that the right ventricular walls of most rodents, such as canines and humans, have evident transient outward potassium current (Ito1) heterogeneity, and this heterogeneity is closely related to J point elevation, J wave formation, and some ventricular tachycardias such as ventricular fibrillations caused by Brugada syndrome. This study is designed to investigate transmural electrical heterogeneity of the canine right ventricle during repolarization (phase 1) from the viewpoint of 4-aminopyridine sensitive and calcium-independent Ito1. Methods Adult canine single right ventricular epicardial (Epi) cells, mid-myocardial (M) cells, and endocardial (Endo) cells were enzymatically dissociated. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings were made to compare the Ito1 values of the three cell types. Results At 37℃ and using 0.2 Hz and +70 mV depolarizing test potentials, the average peak Ito1 values of Epi cells and M cells averaged (4070±1720) pA and (3540±1840) pA, respectively. The activated and inactivated Epi and M cells kinetic processes were in accordance with the Boltzmann distribution. Compared with Ito1 in Epi cells and M cells, the average peak Ito1 in Endo cells was very low, averaged (470±130) pA. Conclusions These results suggest that there are evident differences and potent gradients in Ito1 between the three cardiac cell types, especially between Epi and Endo cells. These differences are among the prominent manifestations of right ventricular electrical heterogeneity, and may form an important ionic basis and prerequisite for some malignant arrhythmias in the right ventricle, including those arising from Brugada syndrome and other diseases.     

兔心肌梗死后右心室肌细胞离子通道电流的变化

目的探讨心肌梗死后右心室肌细胞离子通道电流的变化.方法该研究采用结扎兔冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立心肌梗死动物模型,应用膜片钳全细胞记录方法,记录心肌梗死后2个月右心室心肌细胞钠通道电流(INa)、L-钙通道电流(ICa-L)、瞬间外向钾电流(Ico)的变化.结果心肌梗死后2个月,心肌梗死组INa电流密度峰值[(20.42±1 73)pA/pF,n=15]较对照组[(35 40±3.43)pA/pF,n=16]明显下降(P＜0.05);心肌梗死组ICa-L电流密度峰值[(5.71±0.93)pA/pF,n=12]与对照组[(6.28±1.03)pA/pF,n=10]略下降,但无明显差异(P＞0.05);心肌梗死组Ito电流密度( 60 nV时)[(8.61±0.95)pA/pF,n=16]较对照组[(14.38±1.24)pA/pF,n=17]明显下降(P＜0.05).结论心肌梗死可引起右心室肌细胞INa和Ito的下降,造成心肌传导速度下降和动作电位时程相对延长、复极异常,可能是导致心肌梗死后出现室性心律失常的离子机制.