金属矿山井下氡子体浓度的调查

本文报道了10个主要有色金属矿山井下环境中的氡及子体α潜能浓度。氡的平均浓度为2725Bq·m~3,氡子体α潜能浓度平均值范围为2.06—31.67μJ·m~(-3)之间,总平均为9.77μJ·m~(-3)。同时还估算了矿工暴露在氡子体下的年有效剂量和肺癌的危险水平。     

某铀矿的辐射水平和肺癌

袁丽云(中国辐射防护研究院)报道:贵州某铀汞共生矿矿井空气中氡和氡子体浓度偏高,1964～1976年平均氡浓度27.27×10~3Bqm~(-3),1976～1985年平均氡子体α潜能浓度62.75×10~(-6)Jm~(-3)(GB-J-8-74国家容许标准:氡3.7×10~3Bqm~(-3),氡子体α潜能6.4×10~(-6)Jm~(-3))。1960至1985年二十六年间主要工种氡子体潜能累积暴露量约为740WLM,辅助工种为400WLM。1971年以前下井的老工人中60%累积暴露量达200WLM以上,他们是观察辐射致癌效应的重点对象。1971～1986年间在1971年前下井的532名老工人中肺癌死亡2例,他们的累积暴露量分别为410和570WLM。用贵州省男性肺癌死亡作对照,肺     

行洛坑钨矿氡及其子体浓度与内照射剂量的研究

本文介绍了行洛坑钨矿氡及其子体α潜能浓度的调查方法。并推算了该矿各工种矿工因吸入氡子体α潜能所致肺部的内照射人均年剂量当量:采矿工为0.227Sv/人·a、运矿工为0.206Sv/人·a、选矿工为1.12×10^-3Sv/人·a。进而估算了该矿的采矿工、运矿工和选矿工的终生肺癌危险度分别为3.7×10^-3、3.4×10^-3和1.8×10^-5.     

西藏寺庙氡及其子体浓度的调查及计量估算

本文报道了西藏几大名寺庙室内外环境氡及其子体浓度。寺庙内氡及其子体浓度算术均值为(20.9±24.5) Bq·m^-3、(940.5±983.7)×10-10j·m^-3;几何均值为(14.0±2.4) Bq·m^-3和(621.6±2.5)×10^-10j·m^-3。室外氡及其子体浓度算术均值为(4.1±1.7) Bq·m^-3和(209.0±1.7)×10-10j·m^-3。人均年有效剂量当量为1.5mSv。庙内氡及其子体浓度近似对数正态分布。     

高层建筑物室内氡子体浓度

目的 了解贵阳地区高层建筑物室内氡子体浓度及其影响室内氡子体浓度的主要因素。方法 采用托马斯三段法测量计算室内氡子体浓度。结果 数年来高层建筑物室内平均氡子体浓度客厅(4.47~6.71)×10^-7 J.m^-3;卧室(1.63~15.40)×10^-7 J.m^-3,另外安装有中央空调的高层建筑物室内平均氡子体浓度(1.73~2.95)×10^-7 J.m^-3。结论 高层建筑物室内氡子体浓度主要依赖于墙体建筑材料中的天然放射性核素的含量,其次与室内面积的大小、通风条件有关。     

贵阳地区氡子体浓度调查

本文报道了贵阳地区室内、外氡子体浓度分别为(1.34±0.37)×10^-7·m^-3和(0.84±0.40×10^-7·m^-3。其日变化规律为清晨较高,午后较低;季变化规律为冬季较高,夏季较低。氡子体浓度的变化主要受温度、湿度、气压的影响,亦与建筑材料和地基中的放射性核素含量有关。     

东川环境中天然核素含量及辐射水平

目的 为填补环境天然核素及辐射水平空白,人群健康效应关系及向国家提供重要科学数据。方法 在辖区内按照东南西北中分层抽样,分析方法按照全国统一方法。结果 ①地球γ辐射9.14×10~(-8)GY·h~(-1);②宇宙射线为4.60×10~(-8)GY·h~(-1);③环境中不同样品总α和总β辐射:β射线为9.61×10~(-10)Bq/kg,α射线为2.36×10~(-10)Bq/kg;④氡及子体分别为:氡总浓度为42.93Bq/m~3 RaA 1.89×10~(-10)Bq/L、RaB 1.66×10~(10)Bq/L、RaC 1.37×10~(-10)Bq/L;⑤环境中核素分别为:~(90)Sr(锶)2.84×10~(-11)ci/kg、~(137)C(铯)2.42×10~(-11)ci/kg、~(226)R_a(镭)9.45×10~(-11)ci/kg、~(85)U(铀)46.33×10_(-11)ci/kg、Th(钍)180.06×10~(-9)ci/kg。结论 东川首次调查了天然核素及辐射本底水平,为各行业提供重要科学数据。     

浙江省室内外氡和氡子体水平及所致居民剂量的研究

测量全省11个地区217个居室和83个室外点结果X为16.4和11.6。Bg/m~3,Xg为13.4和9.7BgXg;335个后室和165个室外点的氡子体的X为41.7×10~(-9)和32.6×10~(-9)J/m~3,Xg为32.s×10~(-9)和25.7×10~(-9)J/m~3。室内外氡子体平衡团子的X为0.46和0.49。室内外氡子体所致测区范围居民平均年有效剂量当量为0.636mSv,其中室内所致的占172％。对全省可归因于室内外氡子体所致居民肺癌死亡数进行了探讨。室内氡和氡子体对居民健康影响的问题,愈来愈引起人们的关注。为了解本省室内外氡和氡子体水平及其特点,我们对全省各地区住宅室内外空气中氡和氡子体浓度进行了调查,并估算了所致居民剂量当量。     

黑龙江省室内外空气中氡及其子体浓度与所致居民剂量的研究

本文报道了本省室内、外空气中氡及其子体浓度与所致居民剂量的结果。全省319个室外测量点和413个室内测量点的空气氡浓度分别为6.7q·m^-3和13.3Bq·m^-3.室内、外氡子体浓度分别为2.5×10^-3WL和1.1×10^-3WL。室内外平衡因子分别为0.5和0.4.因吸入氡子体所致居民肺部年有效剂量当量为0.5mSv。     

用核径迹法测定承德风景游览区的氡

本文报道了用核径迹法测定的承德风景游览区室内、外等场所氡浓度。室外平均氡浓度为18.46±5.23Bq·m~(-3)。室内平均氡浓度为28.70±12.74Bq·m~(-3)。游览区平均氡浓度为34.55±10.49Bq·m~(-3)。承德市公众平均年有效剂量当量为0.8mSv。     

医疗服务操作分类与编码的设计与应用简

医疗服务操作分类与编码是医学信息标准化的重要组成部分,是临床数据提取、分析和应用的基础。世界卫生组织及世界多国一直致力于开发、更新和维护此分类与编码。我国此前一直沿袭美国准备在2014年停止使用的ICD-9-CM-3（卷3）,中国需要结合国际主流设计思路,根据国情开发出适宜的多轴、一体化的医疗服务操作分类与编码体系。     

环境中双酚A的污染及降解去除的研究进展

近10年来随着科学与社会的发展,环境雌激素污染日益引起人们的关注。双酚A是环境雌激素的一种,用途广泛,但具有多方面的毒性。对其毒理、污染及降解去除的研究已经成为国际上的研究热点。该文拟对上述几方面的研究进展情况作一简要介绍。     

黄体功能不健的调控机理

主要就引起卵巢黄体功能不健的因素 ,分别从激素调节、细胞因子 (VEGF、TNF α、BFGF、IFN γ、IGF)、C myc、Fas、SGP 2基因调控以及细胞连接、细胞粘附分子、NO等对卵巢功能的调节及对黄体细胞的凋亡影响进行阐述 ,认为卵泡发育不良、颗粒细胞、黄体细胞的凋亡与黄体功能不足有密切的关系。且多种细胞因子、基因表达产物参与此过程的调控。深入的研究这一调控机制 ,对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、卵泡闭锁及黄体细胞凋亡的内在机制有重要意义     

HIS与PACS软件融合方案的设计与实现

目的：实现PACS与HIS的系统集成。方法：使用Powerbuilder设计电子申请系统，利用Oracle存储过程实现不同系统间的数据同步。结果：完成了第四军医大学西京医院的PACS／HIS软件融合，经临床应用，反应良好。结论：系统集成应根据医院需求，由信息科牵头，多方论证，遵循高可用性、低耦合度的原则，在保证软件实用、流程合理的前提下，应最大限度地压缩新旧流程的共存时间。     

Intake of dietary phytoestrogen and indices of antioxidant and bone metabolism of pre- and post-menopausal Korean women

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and α- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.     

Reliability and validity of indices of hand-grip strength and endurance

Background/aim: Grip strength is useful in clinical practice for the assessment of disease and/or rehabilitation progression. Brief maximal gripping is seldom required in everyday occupations, with repeated or sustained gripping at sub‐maximal power more commonly involved. It has been proposed that assessment of both maximal hand‐grip force and endurance is utilised. While the suitability of maximal contraction measures has been clearly established, the reliability and validity of other hand‐grip indices have not been investigated. This study examined the reliability of various hand‐grip indices and their validity in relation to distance walked during the six‐minute walk test, a standardised exercise capacity test. Methods: Subjects undertook static sub‐maximal (50%) and maximal force contraction hand‐grip testing from which various indices were derived, and six‐minute walk testing from which distance walked was determined. Testing was repeated on three separate occasions for determination of test–retest reliability. Results: Pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction measurements demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and validity. Conversely, other hand‐grip indices were shown to be unreliable and exhibited no relationship with distance walked and hence concurrent validity could not be established. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction may be utilised for the assessment of client ability and progression due to their established validity and test–retest reliability. However, previously proposed measures of fatigue such as endurance (duration of sustained contraction), Strength Decrement Index and work performed (function of endurance and force of contraction) are unreliable and invalid and may have limited use in clinical practice.     

疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置及缺口研究

目的明确2002～2005年疾病预防控制机构设备资产配置变化情况。方法全国系统抽样调查省市县各级疾病预防控制机构的各类设备配置种类和数量,计算设备资产,和标准比较得到缺口。结果疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置明显增加,但缺口仍然很大,就A类设备缺口达到50·2亿。     

依布哂啉纯度、杂质检测及安全性实验

目的 检测合成的依布哂啉(Ebselen Ebs)的纯度、杂质并进行急性毒性实验。方法 Ebs测定采用自建立的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)，杂质(苯胺)采用比色法，急性毒性试验采用成年大鼠1次性灌胃，观察24h内死亡率。结果 Ebs纯度为99.95％～99．99％，苯胺含量为0．00017％～0．00019％，大鼠1次经口的LD50为2355．05mg／kg。结论 Ebs质量可靠，安全性高，可供开发研究。     

Evaluation of impact of temperature and pH alterations on the size and antigenicity of meningococcal serogroup A and X polysaccharides and conjugates

The changes in the recommended storage conditions of the glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Men) serogroup A and serogroup X can affect its activity or potency. Elevated temperature and the change in pH may result in the physical instability leading to the size degradation of the polysaccharide (PS) and subsequent loss of PS epitopes. Moreover, high temperature may also result in protein aggregation and altered tertiary structure of the protein in the conjugate. Consequently, the construction of a potent glycoconjugate is dependent on optimal temperature and pH. The changes in both these conditions can also affect the production of a capsular polysaccharide (PS) and its conjugation to a protein carrier and may also affect the integrity of the vaccine molecule including the maintenance of the protective epitopes. In our study we have used inhibition ELISA as a tool to assess the impact of temperature and pH alterations on the antigenicity of N. meningitidis serogroup A and X, PS and conjugates and their correlation with the size distribution analysis using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. The studies on pH alterations from 5 to 9 led to minimal impact on size and antigenicity of all antigens, however, an elevated temperature adversely impacted the antigen size as well as antigenicity to varying extent. Results indicate the higher stability of MenX PS and conjugate as compared to that for MenA counterparts at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, both the MenA and MenX conjugates appears to be more stable as compared to the corresponding PSs.