异丙酚靶控输注用于硬膜外麻醉病人清醒镇静的可行性

目的探讨异丙酚靶控输注用于硬膜外麻醉病人清醒镇静的可行性及所需靶控血药浓度.方法50例在硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部及下肢手术病人,以血浆室为靶控目标,予以异丙酚TCI清醒镇静.靶控血药浓度最初设定为0.5μg/ml,在与效应室异丙酚浓度达平衡后3min以0.1μg/ml递增,直至OAA/S评分降至3分,并抽取病人各时点静脉血3mi,采用高效液相色谱分析法测定异丙酚血药浓度,确定不同OAA/S评分时对应靶控血药浓度及其与BIS相关性,评估靶控输注系统的性能.结果预期误差的中位数MDPE=-23.1%,预期误差绝对值的中位数MDAPE=27.6%6,清醒镇静深度(OAA/S评分3分)时所需的异丙酚靶控血药浓度为(1.74±0.13)μg/ml.BIS与TCI血药浓度具有良好的相关性(r=-0.80,P＜0.05).结论异丙酚靶控输注用于硬膜外麻醉病人清醒镇静具有可控性良好,病人镇静深度适宜,血液动力学影响小,适用于临床推广.     

状态熵指数监测患者靶控输注异丙酚全麻诱导时镇静深度的准确性

目的评价状态熵指数(SE)监测患者靶控输注异丙酚全麻诱导时镇静深度的准确性。方法择期全麻手术患者17例,年龄21～64岁,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,靶控输注异丙酚行全麻诱导,初始效应室靶浓度设定为1.5μg/ml,效应室靶浓度达到设定浓度后1 min以0.5μg/ml的浓度梯度递增,靶控输注开始后每30秒进行1次警觉,镇静评分(OAA/S评分),直至患者意识消失(OAA/S评分≤1分),记录每次OAA/S评分即刻的SE及BIS。分析SE和BIS与OAA/S评分的相关性,计算SE和BIS的镇静深度预测概率(P_K)、患者意识消失时SE_(50)、SK_(90)、BIS_(50)、BIS_(90)及其95%可信区间。结果BIS、SE与OAA/S评分的相关系数分别为0.726(P<0.05)和0.824(P<0.05);BIS与SE的相关系数为0.855 (P<0.05);SE的镇静深度P_K(0.874±0.021)高于BIS(0.820±0.028)(P<0.05)。SE_(50)和BIS_(50)分别为59(48～65)、62(53～67),SE_(90)和BIS_(90)分别为39(16～49)、44(23～53)。结论SE监测患者靶控输注异丙酚全麻诱导时镇静深度的准确性高于BIS。     

右美托咪啶对靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时BIS值的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时脑电双频谱指数(BIS)值的影响.方法 择期行普外科手术患者120例,性别不限,年龄25～50岁,体重41～68 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=40):异丙酚组(P组)、右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg+异丙酚(D1P组)和右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg+异丙酚(D2P组).每组再分为5个亚组(n=8):异丙酚效应室靶控浓度0、1、2、3和4 mg/L组(P0～4组).P0～4组靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度分别为0、1、2、3和4 mg/L;D1 P0～4组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5 μg/kg,输注速率0.05μg·kg-1·min-1,输注结束后5min时靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度分别为0、1、2、3和4 mg/L;D2 P0～4组静脉输注右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg,输注速率0.1 μg· kg-1 ·min-1,输注结束后5min时靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度分别为0、1、2、3和4mg/L.异丙酚靶控输注3 min时记录OAA/S评分和BIS值,OAA/S评分≤2分判定为意识消失.采用Probit法计算半数患者意识消失时异丙酚的效应室靶浓度(EC50)和半数患者意识消失时的BIS值(BIS50)及其95％可信区间,采用Smith法计算BIS值对意识消失的预测概率.结果 与P组比较,D1P组和D2P组EC50降低,BIS50升高(P＜0.05或0.01),预测概率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);D1P组和D2P组EC50、BIS50和预测概率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶复合靶控输注异丙酚时BIS 值可准确预测患者的意识水平,而意识消失时的BIS值增加.     

BIS和CSI监测不同效应室靶浓度异丙酚复合舒芬太尼患者镇静水平的准确性

目的 评价脑电双频谱指数(BIS)和麻醉深度指数(CSI)监测不同效应室靶浓度异丙酚复合舒芬太尼患者镇静水平的准确性.方法 外科手术患者90例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～49岁,体重45～70 kg,性别不限,随机分为6组(n=15):P1～3组分别靶控输注不同效应室靶浓度(2、4、6 μg/ml)异丙酚;SP1～3组分别靶控输注不同效应室靶浓度(2、4、6 μg/ml)异丙酚复合舒芬太尼.异丙酚初始效应室靶浓度为4 μg/ml,于气管插管后即刻,P1组和SP1组调整为2 μg/ml,P2组和SP2组调整为4 μg/ml,P3组和SP3组调整为6 μg/ml,20 min后SP1～3组经2～3 min静脉注射舒芬太尼0.7 μg/kg.于麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管前1 min(T1)、插管后30 s(T2)、15 min(T3)、30 min(T4)、35 min(T5)及40 min(T6)时记录HR、MAP、BIS和CSI.结果 P1～3组T3～6时组间比较BIS和CSI依次降低(P<0.05或0.01);SP1～3组T3～6时BIS和CSI组间比较依次降低(P<0.05);SP1组和SP2组T4～6时BIS和CSI分别较P1组和P2组降低(P<0.05或0.01);与P3组比较,SP3组T4～6时CSI降低(P<0.05),BIS差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 异丙酚效应室靶浓度2、4 μg/ml复合舒芬太尼时,CSI和BIS均可反映患者镇静水平;异丙酚效应室靶浓度6 μg/ml复合舒芬太尼时,仅CSI可反映患者镇静水平.     

异丙酚靶控输注镇静时记忆与BIS、AEPI和效应室药物浓度的关系

目的 研究异丙酚靶控输注(TCI)不同镇静深度对记忆的影响,探讨内隐记忆与脑电双频指数(BIS)、听觉诱发电位指数(AEPI)和异丙酚效应室药物浓度之间的关系。方法36例行择期下肢手术的患者,在硬膜外麻醉后TCI异丙酚镇静,根据镇静水平的不同随机分为3组,A组OAA/S评分3分,B组OAA/S评分2分,C组OAA/S评分1分。各组在镇静前呈现一次听刺激,达目标镇静深度后呈现第二次听刺激。监测第二次听刺激呈现前后的BIS和AEPI值。试验完毕后4 h采用加工分离程序对患者进行包含和排除测验,并推算内隐记忆和外显记忆成绩。结果 A组外显记忆和内隐记忆成绩与0相比差异有显著性(P<0.05);B组镇静期外显记忆成绩与0相比差异无显著性(P>0.05),内隐记忆成绩与0相比差异有显著性(P<0.05);C组外显记忆和内隐记忆成绩与0相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。A、B两组镇静期内隐记忆成绩差异无显著性(P>0.05)。内隐记忆成绩与BIS和AEPI有明显的相关性(P<0.01)。BIS、AEPI和效应室药物浓度均可很好地预测内隐记忆消失与否(P<0.01)。ROC曲线下面积:BIS>AEPI>效应室药物浓度。应用BIS、AEPI和效应室药物浓度诊断内隐记忆消失与否的截断点分别是:47、28、2.3 μg/ml。结论 在无伤害性刺激传入、无意识的情况下仍存在内隐记忆。镇静至OAA/S评分1分时     

BIS监测异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全麻患儿麻醉深度的准确性

目的 评价脑电双频谱指数(BIS)监测异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全麻患儿麻醉深度的准确性.方法 择期手术患儿60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄3～8岁,体重14～40kg,随机分为4组(n=15),人室后开放手背静脉,稳定5 min.C组静脉输注0.9%生理盐水0.2 ml·kg-1·h-1;R1组、R2组和R3组分别静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.1、0.3或0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1,瑞芬太尼或生理盐水输注10 min开始靶控输注异丙酚,起始效应室浓度为1 μg/ml,逐渐递增至2、3、4μg/ml.分别于稳定5min、瑞芬太尼静脉输注10min、异丙酚效应室浓度达到l、2、3、4μg/ml稳定1 min及意识消失时记录BIS和警觉,镇静(OAA/S)评分;记录意识消失时间.采用logistic回归法计算意识消失时的BIS50、BIS95和意识消失时异丙酚的EC50、EC95.BIS与OAA/S评分、异丙酚效应室浓度作直线相关分析.结果 C组、R1.组、R2组和R3组BIS与OAA/S评分均呈正相关,r分别为0.89、0.90、0.87、0.82(P<0.05);BIS与异丙酚效应室浓度均呈负相关,r分别为-0.87、-0.90、-0.87、-0.92(P<0.05);与C组比较,其余3组患儿意识消失时异丙酚效应室浓度降低,意识消失时间缩短,R2组和R3组意识消失时BIS升高,BIS50和BIS95升高,异丙酚EC50和EC95降低(P<0.05);与R1组比较,R2组BIS50和BIS95升高,R3组异丙酚EC50和EC95降低(P<0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉下,采用BIS监测患儿麻醉深度存在一定局限性.     

靶控输注异丙酚时脑电双频谱指数与皮肤电传导监测患者镇静深度准确性的比较

目的 比较靶控输注异丙酚时脑电双频谱指数(BIS)与皮肤电传导(SC)监测患者镇静深度的准确性.方法 拟在硬膜外麻醉下行下肢手术的患者30例,年龄21～56岁,体重52～85 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度0.8 μg/ml,待血浆靶浓度与效应室浓度平衡后.以0.5～0.8 μg/ml血浆靶浓度递增,直至警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S评分)为1分时停止给药,靶控输注异丙酚前记录BIS和SC,作为基础值,异丙酚靶控输注期间记录OAA/S评分、BIS和SC,计算SC变化值(△SC).OAM/S评分与BIS和△SC行Spearman等级相关分析,绘制BIS和△SC判断OAA/S评分及意识消失的受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC,分别为AUCBIS和AUC△SC);逻辑回归分析计算BIS和△SC正确判断意识消失的概率.结果 随OAA/S评分的升高,BIS值逐渐升高(P＜0.01),OAA/S评分1分与2分时△SC比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),OAA/S评分3～5分时△SC低于OAA/S评分1分或2分,OAA/S评分3～5分时△SC逐渐降低(P＜0.01),OAA/S评分与BIS呈正相关(r=0.920,P＜0.01),与△SC呈负相关(r=-0.859,P＜0.01);与AUCBIS比较,OAA/S评分5→4分、4→3分时AUC△SC升高,OAA/S评分3→2分、2→1分和意识消失时降低AUC△SC(P＜0.05);BIS与ASC正确判断意识消失的概率分别为93%和82%.结论 靶控输注异丙酚时,患者意识消失前SC监测镇静深度的准确性高于BIS,意识消失后低于BIS;BIS判断患者意识消失的准确性高于SC.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the accuracy of BIS and skin conductance (SC) for assessment of the depth of sedation induced by target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ orⅡpatients aged 21-56 yr weighing 52-85 kg undergoing orthopedic operation on the lower limb under epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study.After the onset of epidural anesthesia, TCI of propofol was started at an initial target plasma concentration (Cp) of 0.8 μg/ml. Th Cp was increased by 0.5-0.8 μg/ml every 3 min until OAA/S score=1. OAA/S score, BIS and SC values were recorded, SC change value (△SC) was calculated. Spearman rank-order correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve "AUC" was calculated) and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship of OAA/S score to BIS and △SC.Results BIS and △SC were significantly correlated with OAA/S scores (r were 0.920 and-0.859 respectively). The AUC of △SC (0.919, 0.946) was significantly better correlated with OAA/S score (5→4, 4→3) than that of BIS (0.761, 0.507), while BIS was better correlated (0.781, 0.959) with OAA/S score (3→2, 2→1) than ASC (0.577, 0.630). Logistic regression correctly predicted loss of consciousness. The accuracy of prediction was 93% for BIS and 82% for △SC. Conclusion The accuracy of SC for assessment of the depth of sedation induced by propofol TCI ishigher than that of BIS before loss of consciousness,while lower than that of BIS after loss of consciousness. BIS is more accurate in monitoring the loss of consciousness.     

咪唑安定靶控输注时镇静深度的预测

目的　探讨咪唑安定 (MDZ)靶控输注镇静时目标血药浓度、效应室浓度与脑电指标双频指数 (BIS)、95 %边缘频率 (95 %SEF)预测镇静深度的临床价值及MDZ在区域麻醉靶控输注镇静中的适宜目标浓度。方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的择期手术患者 14例 ,以血药浓度作为靶控输注目标浓度。第一阶段靶浓度为 5 0ng/ml,继以 5 0ng/ml浓度梯度递增 ,每一阶段维持 15分钟 ,至镇静评分 (OAA/S评分法 )达 1分后停药 ,观察并双盲记录目标血药浓度、效应室浓度、BIS、95 %SEF、血液动力学和镇静评分各指标至患者清醒 ,用Spearman’s等级相关进行相关分析。 结果　镇静起效期(0AA/S5～ 1)OAA/S与BIS、95 %SEF、目标血药浓度、效应室浓度的相关系数分别为r =0 735、0 4 15、- 0 4 87和 - 0 6 89(P值均 <0 0 0 1)。镇静恢复期 (0AA/S1～ 5)分别为r =0 6 14、0 2 94、-0 5 5 1和 - 0 4 97(P值均 <0 0 1)。不同镇静评分时各指标变化有显著差异。血液动力学指标未见与镇静评分相关。结论　MDZ靶控输注镇静时 ,目标血药浓度、效应室浓度、BIS和 95 %SEF均可用于镇静深度的预测 ,镇静评分与BIS相关最好 ,镇静深度宜维持在OAA/S评分 2～ 3分 ,目标血药浓度 10 0ng/ml左右 ,BIS在 77～ 81之间。     

不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响

目的 探讨不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响.方法 择期拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者80例,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,随机分为4组,每组20例.麻醉诱导:Ⅱ～Ⅳ组靶控输注瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度分别设为2、4、8 ng/ml,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组均靶控输注异丙酚,初始血浆靶浓度为2μg/ml,随后每间隔1min增加0.5μg/ml,直至BIS值下降至50.患者意识消失时记录BIS值和异丙酚血浆靶浓度,BIS值降至50时记录异丙酚血浆靶浓度及异丙酚总用量.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组患者意识消失时BIS值升高,异丙酚血浆靶浓度降低,BIS值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚血浆靶浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 复合异丙酚麻醉时,瑞芬太尼适宜血浆靶浓度为4 ng/ml.     

纤维支气管镜检查术患者不同效应室靶浓度异丙酚麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较纤维支气管镜检查术患者不同效应室靶浓度异丙酚的麻醉效果.方法 择期行纤维支气管镜检查术患者46例,ASA Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,年龄25～56岁,随机分为3组,P3.5组(n=15)、P4.0组(n=15)、P4.5组(n=16),异丙酚效应室靶浓度分别为3.5、4.0、4.5 μg/ml.设定异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml,分3步靶控输注,每步间隔20 s,目标血浆靶浓度6 μg/ml.静脉注射芬太尼1 μg/kg后开始靶控输注异丙酚,分别于效应室靶浓度达到3.5、4.0、4.5 μg/ml时开始行纤维支气管镜检查术.于麻醉诱导前(基础状态)、麻醉诱导后1 min(T1)、2 min(T2)、3 min(T3)、置入纤维支气管镜(T4)、纤维支气管镜至声门(T5)、至隆突(T6)、至主支气管(T7)、至叶支气管(T8)、灌洗活检(T9)、术毕(T10)、患者睁眼(T11)和清醒(T12)时监测MAP、HR、SpO2:和脑电双频谱指数(BIS),记录异丙酚用量、SpO2,最低值、T5～12时异丙酚效应室靶浓度、麻醉诱导时间、维持时间、苏醒时间及镜检持续时间.结果 3组MAP、HR和SpO2均波动在正常范围,MAP、BIS较基础值降低(P＜0.01),3组间血液动力学指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与P3.5组比较,P4.0组BIS降低,P4.5组SpO2最低值及T5～8时异丙酚效应室靶浓度升高,两组麻醉诱导时间均延长、异丙酚麻醉诱导量增加;与P4.0组比较,P4.5组麻醉诱导时间延长,苏醒时间缩短,T5时异丙酚效应室靶浓度升高(P＜0.05或0.01).P4.5组麻醉效果优于P3.5组和P4.0组(P＜0.05).结论 异丙酚效应室靶浓度达到4.5 μg/ml时行纤维支气管镜检查术麻醉效果可靠.     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。