主动脉窦瘤破裂伴心脏畸形20例报告

主动脉窦瘤破裂(rupturedaneurysmofaorticsinus ,RASV )常合并其他心脏畸形,如主动脉瓣关闭不全(aorticvalveincom petence ,AI) ,室间隔缺损(ventricularseptaldefect,VSD) ,三尖瓣关闭不全(tricuspidalincompetence ,TI)。我们1988年1月至2 0 0 1年3月,共手术修补RASV 2 7例     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

目的 总结1973－1999年85例主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗经验。方法 主劝脉窦瘤破裂85例,合并室间隔缺损40例（47．1％）,主动脉瓣关闭不全15例（17．6％）,均以补片行动脉窦瘤修补,其中40例以同一补片修补主动脉窦瘤和室间隔缺损,5例同期行主动脉瓣置换术,3例行主动脉瓣成形术。结果 全组死亡3例,死亡率3．5％,无残余分流等并发症,71例随访2个月－24年,心功能恢复良好。结论 主动脉窦瘤破裂一经确诊,应尽早手术,采用补片修补主动脉窦瘤及用同一乒乓球拍形补片修补窦瘤和室间隔缺损,效果较好,对于严重的主动脉瓣关闭不全,应同期行主动脉瓣置换术,而轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全可不用特殊处理。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的诊断及外科治疗体会

目的总结手术治疗的主动脉窦瘤破裂22例的治疗经验。方法我院手术治疗的22例主动脉窦瘤破裂病例,其发病情况有16例为突然发病,5例隐伏起病,另外1例无明显症状于检查时发现心脏杂音。合并室间隔缺损者13例,伴有主动脉瓣关闭不全9例,三尖瓣关闭不全5例。均在全身麻醉体外循环下行心内直视修补术,采用经主动脉根部含血心肌保护液顺行性灌注。所有患者均切开主动脉根部及破入的心腔,采用补片进行主动脉窦瘤修复,对合并室间隔缺损的13例患者,用同一椭圆形补片修补。同期行主动脉瓣置换术2例,主动脉瓣成形术1例。结果全组恢复尚顺利无手术死亡,随访无残余分流等并发症发生,随访3~46个月,心功能均明显改善,症状消失,能从事正常学习或工作。结论主动脉窦瘤破裂一经诊断,应尽早手术治疗,否则有发生急性心功能衰竭的可能。手术时同时切开主动脉根部及破入的心腔,采用补片修补主动脉窦瘤及用同一椭圆形补片修补窦瘤和室间隔缺损,效果良好。对于严重的主动脉瓣关闭不全,应同期行主动脉瓣置换术,而轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全可不用特殊处理。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂的诊断和手术治疗的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析总结收治的12例主动脉窦瘤破裂的临床经验,其中合并室间隔缺损2例,主动脉瓣关闭不全5例。手术时窦瘤直接缝合4例,补片修补8例,其中同一补片修补主动脉窦瘤破口和室间隔缺损2例,同期行主动脉瓣悬吊成形术2例。结果:全组无死亡,随访1～5年,恢复良好。结论:主动脉窦瘤破裂一旦确诊,应尽早手术治疗。     

25例主动脉窦破裂的手术修复及合并畸形处理

作者报告２５例主动脉窦瘤破裂修复手术，术前２２例经主动脉造影确诊。主要合并畸形有室间隔缺损１８例，主动脉瓣关闭不全１０例。手术死亡２例，作者强调：（１）重视术中心肌保护，（２）用同一补片修复破裂的主动脉窦瘤和室间隔缺损；（３）重度主动脉瓣关闭不全倾向作了主动脉瓣置换（４）加强重危病人围术期处理。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂12例外科治疗

本文报道12例主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗体会。本组合并室间隔缺损5例，主动脉关闭不全5例，细菌性心内膜炎2例。11例为右冠窦瘤破入右室或右房，1例为左和无冠窦瘤破入左室流出道。全组病例行直接或补片修补窦瘤，并补片修补室间隔缺损，对主动脉瓣关闭不全采取成形2例，2例主动脉瓣置换术。手术死亡1例。文中对其诊断、手术时机、心肌保护、手术方法进行了讨论。     

感染性心内膜炎42例

我院自 1983年 12月～ 1998年 12月手术治疗感染性心内膜炎 42例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料与方法1.1　临床资料　本组 42例 ,男 2 4例 ,女 18例。年龄 6～ 5 8岁 ,平均年龄 32岁。原有心脏病史 35例 (83% ) ,室间隔缺损(VSD) 6例 ,其中合并二尖瓣关闭不全 (MI) 1例 ,主动脉窦瘤破裂 1例 ,三尖瓣关闭不全 (TI) 1例 ;房间隔缺损 (ASD) 5例 ,其中合并肺动脉瓣狭窄 2例 ,MI1例 ,TI1例 ;主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 19例 ,其中合并 VSD1例 ,MI2例 ,主动脉窦瘤破裂 2例 ;MI 5例。既往无心脏病史 7例 ,发病后侵犯主动脉瓣5例 ,侵犯二尖瓣 2例…     

主动脉窦瘤破裂并发急性心力衰竭的急诊手术治疗

目的总结主动脉窦瘤破裂并发急性心力衰竭患者急诊手术治疗的经验。方法主动脉窦瘤破裂患者36例,术前心功能分级(NYHA)为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,经内科治疗6~48小时无效时采取急诊手术治疗。主动脉窦瘤破入右室16例,破入右房18例,破入左房2例。并发妊娠2例,室间隔缺损5例,主动脉瓣关闭不全24例,感染性心内膜炎7例。直接缝合3例,补片修补33例,同期行人工分娩1例,剖宫产1例,主动脉瓣成形5例,主动脉瓣置换19例。结果围手术期1例因发生严重低心排血量综合征而死亡,1例放置主动脉内球囊反搏后恢复,3例患者行短期血液透析治疗。术后随访无死亡,1例术前合并感染性心内膜炎的患者,术后6个月出现主动脉瓣大量返流再次手术治疗,1例主动脉瓣成形患者术后2年复查,发现主动脉瓣重度返流行主动脉瓣置换术。心功能恢复至Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级3例。结论主动脉窦瘤破裂并发急性心力衰竭急诊手术可获得满意的近期和远期疗效。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂12例外科治疗

本文报道12侧主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗体会。表组合并室间隔缺损5例,主动脉关闭不全5例,细菌性心内膜炎2例。11例为右冠窦瘤破入右室或右房,1例为左和无冠窦瘤破入左室流出道。全组病例行直接或补片修补窦瘤,并补片修补室间隔缺损,对主动脉瓣关闭不全采取成形2例,2例主动脉瓣置换术。手术死亡1例。文中对其诊断、手术时机、心肌保护、手术方法进行了讨论。     

流出道室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科处理

目的总结流出道室间隔缺损（VSD）合并主动脉瓣关闭不全（AI）的外科处理经验。方法回顾分析94例VSD合并AI的临床资料、VSD补片修补和主动脉瓣处理方法。结果无手术死亡，术后低心排6例（6．4％）。在主动脉瓣脱垂伴轻度AI60例中，出院时超声检查（UCG）14例仍有轻度AI，随访中2例加重需再次手术。在主动脉瓣成形术25例中，UCG提示23例主动脉瓣轻度返流，2例轻微返流，2～5年后3例返流加重。9例主动脉瓣置换术中1例术后1年死于感染性心内膜炎。结论流出道VSD伴有AI，应根据主动脉瓣病理改变而选择恰当的方法。     

Ventricular septal defect and aortic insufficiency. Surgical treatment.

Twenty-five patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with aortic insufficiency (AI) have been since 1964. Of these patients, one died suddenly without operation; in 2 patients, AI developed in the late postoperative period following VSD closure; and in 3 others, AI developed shortly after VSD closure. The remaining 19 patients are discussed in detail. The VSD was subpulmonic in 13 (68 per cent) and subcristal in 6 (32 per cent). Primary suture of the VSD was undertaken in 13 patients and patch closure in 6. Seven patients had aortic valvuloplasty and 2 had aortic valve replacement. There were no surgical deaths, and the long-term follow-up shows that VSD closure alone has been sufficient to arrest progression of AI in patients with mild insufficiency, particularly in those with subpulmonic VSD. Valvuloplasty, when necessary, was more effective when done at an early age.     

Surgical treatment of supracristal type of ventricular septal defect

Surgically treated ventricular septal defect (VSD) was of supracristal type in 120 of 389 Chinese patients; 93 of the 120 were younger than 15 years. Concomitant aortic anomalies were present in 58 of the patients (regurgitation in 23 and cusp prolapse in 35). Corresponding figures among the 93 patients of the under-15 group were 40 (9 + 31). Direct suture or patch closure of the supracristal VSD and replacement or plication of anomalous aortic valves were the methods used. The results of direct closure were equal to those of patch closure. One patient died of subacute bacterial endocarditis, which had been present preoperatively. There were no other deaths. The postoperative observation period was 6 months to 7 years. As the incidence of associated valvulopathy increases with patient age, early operation for supracristal VSD, regardless of shunt volume, is advocated.     

5kg以下婴儿室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的外科治疗(附72例报告)

目的探讨5 kg以下低体重婴儿室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)合并肺动脉高压(pulomary hypertesion,PH)的手术治疗效果及体会。方法回顾性分析72例体重低于5kg的VSD合并PH患儿的临床资料,采用中低温体外循环下行补片修补术,11例圆锥隔型VSD采用主肺动脉切口,以Da-cron片间断褥式缝合修补;余61例采用右心房切口经三尖瓣途径修补,其中21例采用Dacron片间断褥式缝合修补,14例采用牛心包补片间断褥式缝合修补、26例采用自体心包补片5-0 Prolene线连续缝合修补。合并畸形如肌部缺损、房间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭均同期作相应处理。结果全组手术死亡5例(6.9%),其中术后低心排综合征2例、顽固性心律失常、急性肾功能衰竭、多器官衰竭各1例,失访1例,余66例患儿随访8~41月术后复查心脏超声示肺动脉压力明显下降,生长发育良好。结论选择适当的手术时机、对心脏畸形手术矫治充分及良好的术后处理是手术治疗5 kg以下婴儿VSD合并PH成功的关键。     

Risk factors for failure of aortic valvuloplasty in aortic insufficiency with ventricular septal defect.

BACKGROUND: Aortic insufficiency (AI) associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD) is often repaired using a modification of Trusler's aortic valvuloplasty technique. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for failure of aortic valve (AV) repair in patients who underwent repair of associated VSD. METHODS: A univariate analysis was performed in this retrospective study to identify the possible risk factors for failure of the repair resulting in the need for AV replacement (AVR). RESULTS: The study included 24 patients, 15 (62%) boys and 9 (38%) girls, with a mean age of 9.1 +/- 1.2 (SEM) years. The VSD was perimembranous in 15 (62%) and subarterial in 9 (38%). The prolapsed aortic cusp was the right in 13 (54%), the noncoronary in 6 (25%), and both in 5 (21%). Plication was performed at one end of the free edge of the prolapsed cusp(s) in 12 (50%) and at more than one end in 12 (50%) of the patients. The VSD was closed by use of a patch in 21 (88%) and by direct suture closure in 3 (12%). At the mean follow up of 7.3 +/- 1.3 years, the degree of AI was none in 6 (25%), trivial in 5 (21%), mild in 9 (38%), moderate in 1 (4%), and severe in 3 (12%). The 15-year actuarial freedom from reoperation was 81% +/- 19% (95% confidence limit). By univariate analysis, the possible risk factors for AV repair failure were the degree of AI at hospital discharge (p = 0.004), direct closure of the VSD (p = 0.061), smaller size of the VSD (p = 0.081), and plication of more than one end of the prolapsed cusp(s) (p = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS: Trusler's AV repair is an effective and durable technique for the surgical treatment of patients with VSD-AI syndrome. The adequacy of the initial repair is the most important determinant of the long-term results.     

Ventricular septal defect and aortic insufficiency: surgical considerations and results of operation

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is uncommonly associated with valvular aortic insufficiency (AI). From 1957 through 1971, 51 patients with this combination underwent operation at the Mayo Clinic; these patients made up 2.2% of all patients with VSD repaired during that period. The most frequent aortic valve abnormality was a prolapsing right cusp. Surgical management of AI consisted of: (1) no procedure on the aortic valve in 25 patients, (2) plastic repair of the aortic valve in 13 patients, and (3) partial or total replacement of the aortic valve in 13 patients; in the group with severe AI prior to operation, those treated by replacement did better than those treated by repair. Early closure is indicated for VSD associated with mild AI. With severe AI, VSD closure and valve plication are preferred, although valve replacement may be necessary either at the primary operation or at some future date. In adults, replacement with a prosthesis is indicated for severe AI.     

The use of pulmonary autograft patch for type A aortic interruption and Swiss-cheese ventricular septal defect (VSD)

The surgical management of the aortic arch pathologies is controversial. Primary anastomosis and patch aortoplasties combined with end-to-end anastomosis have some complications like recurrence and aneurysm formation. Surgical repair of apical muscular (Swiss-cheese) defects is also still under debate. A 6-year-old patient with diagnosis of type A aortic arch interruption and Swiss-cheese ventricular septal defect (VSD) underwent successful intracardiac repair and aortic arch reconstruction. Aortic arch reconstruction was done by end-to-side anastomosis of distal aortic archus and thoracic aorta without cardiopulmonary bypass. The anterior side of the anastomosis was augmented by using pulmonary autograft patch and this patch was extended to the inferior surface of the archus aorta. Swiss-cheese VSD was repaired with a single patch using septal obliteration technique via transatrial approach. Pulmonary autograft patch aortoplasty and end-to-side anastomosis may be an alternative surgical management for surgical repair and it may be done without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. In these patients associated multiple apical muscular VSDs can be repaired with a single patch, septal obliteration technique.     

左胸微创切口在儿童干下型室间隔缺损直视修补术中的应用

目的总结左胸微创切口在儿童干下型室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)直视修补术中的应用方法,并评价临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2019年4月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心胸外科21例干下型VSD儿童的临床资料,其中男13例、女8例,年龄5~13(9.1±2.2)岁,体重22~55(35.6±9.5)kg。VSD最大直径4~15(9.1±3.3)mm,术前合并主动脉瓣右冠瓣轻度脱垂8例,主动脉瓣轻到轻中度关闭不全4例。取左侧第2或第3肋间胸骨旁横切口进胸,股动、静脉插管建立体外循环,阻断升主动脉后,在肺动脉瓣上横行切开肺动脉,根据VSD大小、形态直接缝合或补片修补干下型VSD。出院前及随访常规复查经胸超声心动图评价VSD修补效果及主动脉瓣开闭情况。结果全组患儿均顺利经左胸微创切口完成VSD直视修补术,无转为正中开胸手术者。VSD修补方法:补片修补(n=15),直接缝合(n=6)。体外循环时间45~68(57.1±6.3)min,主动脉阻断时间23~40(32.6±4.7)min,术后呼吸机辅助时间5~9(6.3±1.3)h,术后24 h胸腔引流量33~105(57.5±17.7)mL,术后住院时间5~8(5.7±1.0)d。出院前及随访复查经胸超声心动图提示VSD闭合良好,无VSD残余漏;主动脉瓣轻度关闭不全1例。围术期及随访无死亡病例,无房室传导阻滞、切口愈合不良、胸廓畸形等并发症发生。结论左胸微创切口可安全、有效地应用于儿童干下型VSD直视修补术中,早、中期治疗效果满意。     

Surgical treatment of interrupted aortic arch in infants under three months of age

From March, 1982, through March, 1988, 8 infants less than 3 months of age underwent surgical treatment of interrupted aortic arch. Five patients had IAA type A and 3 patients had type B. Seven patients with associated VSD underwent staged operations and 1 infant with aortopulmonary window underwent primary repair off cardiopulmonary bypass. Aortic arch reconstruction was by subclavian aortic anastomosis (6) or large tube graft (8 mm) interposition (2) combined with pulmonary artery banding (5). All seven patients with associated VSD survived the first-stage operation. One patient subsequently underwent pulmonary artery banding, two underwent patch aortoplasty and four patients underwent intracardiac repair and removal of a pulmonary artery band, with six survivors (86%). The operative death occurred in an infant in whom modified Damus-Kaye-Stansel operation was carried out for severe subaortic stenosis, which rerouting all left ventricular blood through VSD and the main pulmonary artery into the ascending aorta and reconstructing right ventricular-distal pulmonary artery connection by a valved external conduit. All six surviving patients are doing well at present (mean follow up of 3 years) without any significant pressure gradient between the ascending and thoracic aorta. Based on these data we conclude: (1) Aortic arch reconstruction and pulmonary artery banding can be reliably performed even in critically ill infants with IAA and isolated VSD. (2) The primary repair will provide better chance of survival in infants with IAA associated with significant LVOTO, truncus arteriosus or aortopulmonary window that do not readily lend themselves to pulmonary artery banding.     

A 32-year experience with surgical repair of sinus of valsalva aneurysms

INTRODUCTION: Sinus of Valsalva (SoV) aneurysms are rare (0.15% to 1.5% CPB cases) and five times more frequent in Asians. Usually congenital, SoV aneurysms arise from the right or noncoronary sinus, are associated with other cardiac defects, and are repaired primarily or with a patch. Acquired SoV aneuryms develop secondary to infection or trauma. Here, we describe our 32-year experience with SoV aneurysm repair in a Western population. METHODS: A retrospective review identified 22 patients who underwent SoV aneurysm repair between 1971 and 2003. Data is presented as mean +/- standard error (median). RESULTS: Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom. Nineteen of 22 patients were ruptured at the time of operation; three were found incidentally. Fifteen patients had associated cardiac defects including ventricular septal defect (VSD) (6), aortic insufficiency (6), and coarctation (3). One patient, repaired primarily, required reoperation for recurrence. All other patients underwent patch repair. The operative survival was 95% (21/22). There were five known late deaths at 6.6 +/- 2.3 (5.7) years post-repair. Five and ten year survival rates were 84.9 +/- 11% and 59.4 +/- 17%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Observed differences in the sinus of origin, age at presentation, associated cardiac malformations, and mortality in our Western series versus previous Asian cohort studies likely reflect a racial disparity and higher prevalence of acquired versus congenital SoV aneurysms. We recommend a thorough search for a VSD in all cases and use of patch repair, regardless of size, to reduce risk of recurrence.