TLR4信号促进前列腺癌PC3细胞VEGF/IL-8分泌及相关信号机制

目的研究TLR4在人前列腺癌PC3细胞中的表达意义及相关胞内信号机制。方法利用TLR4特异性配体脂多糖(LPS)刺激人前列腺癌PC3细胞,分别于LPS刺激0、2、6、12、24、48 h后收集细胞和上清,通过RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹方法检测TLR4在基因和蛋白水平的表达变化,通过RT-PCR方法检测胞内TGF-β、VEGF、IL-8、COX-2和MMP3的mRNA表达变化和ELISA方法检测上清VEGF、IL-8蛋白的表达变化;为了进一步研究相关信号通路,分别采用MAPK和NF-κB信号通路抑制剂预处理PC3细胞,然后利用同等浓度的LPS刺激,分别于4 h和24 h后收集上清,通过RT-PCR和ELISA方法重复上述细胞因子的检测。结果在LPS刺激后,人前列腺癌PC3细胞的TLR4功能性表达上调,引起胞内TGF-β、VEGF、IL-8、COX-2和MMP3的mRNA表达升高和上清中VEGF、IL-8的分泌增多(P<0.05);进一步研究表明胞内p38 MAPK和NF-κB信号通路参与了此过程。结论TLR4信号通过p38 MAPK和NF-κB信号通路促进VEGF和IL-8的分泌。     

干扰结肠癌上皮细胞Ascl2的表达致其向杯状细胞表型分化

目的探讨转录因子Ascl2对结肠癌细胞分化的影响。方法采用Ascl2分子干扰质粒和对照质粒对结肠癌HT-29和LS174T细胞进行转染,通过G418筛选建立稳定转染的细胞系,采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测干扰Ascl2分子表达对肠杯状细胞标志物Muc2和TFF3表达的影响。结果成功构建了shRNA-Ascl2/EGFP质粒以及对照质粒shRNA-control/EGFP,经测序与预期相符,G418筛选获得shRNA-Ascl2/HT-29、shRNA-Ctr/HT-29、shRNA-Ascl2/LS174T和shRNA-Ctr/LS174T稳定转染细胞。RT-PCR和Western blot检测证实干扰质粒能够有效地抑制HT-29和LS174T细胞内的Ascl2的表达(P<0.01)。RT-PCR检测发现Muc2和TFF3 mRNA表达水平在Ascl2干扰后的HT-29细胞内均明显上调(P<0.05);Muc2 mRNA表达水平在Ascl2干扰后的LS174T细胞内明显上调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是TFF3 mRNA表达水平在Ascl2干扰后的LS174T内升高不明显(P>0.05)。Western blot检测发现Muc2蛋白质表达水平在Ascl2干扰后明显上调(P<0.05)。结论干扰结肠癌HT-29和LS174T细胞内Ascl2的表达导致其向杯状细胞的表型分化。     

鹦鹉热衣原体Ⅲ型分泌蛋白SINC通过激活MAPK/ERK信号通路促进宿主细胞自噬

目的 探讨鹦鹉热衣原体（Cps）SINC蛋白对宿主细胞自噬的影响,及MAPK/ERK信号通路在其中的调控作用。方法 用重组的SINC蛋白刺激小鼠单核巨噬细胞（RAW 264.7）,Western blot检测LC3-Ⅱ和Beclin-1的水平及ERK1/2的磷酸化程度,并用间接免疫荧光法检测SINC蛋白刺激后细胞LC3的水平,透射电镜检测自噬特殊结构。用50μmol MEK1/2抑制剂U0126预处理RAW 264.7细胞后1 h,再用不同浓度SINC蛋白刺激不同时间,用间接免疫荧光检测LC3的水平,并用Western blot检测LC3-Ⅱ和Beclin-1的表达水平。结果 Western blot检测结果显示,以2μg/mL SINC蛋白刺激RAW 264.7细胞12 h时,LC3-Ⅱ和Beclin-1的表达水平显著上调,并达到峰值;间接免疫荧光检测发现SINC刺激后可使细胞内LC3荧光斑点数明显增多,透射电镜下可见更多的自噬小体和自噬溶酶体。2μg/mL SINC蛋白刺激RAW 264.7细胞15 min时p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2比值明显上调;加入抑制剂U0126后,LC3...     

热休克转录因子2通过促进白细胞介素-10的表达对肺癌发生的影响

目的 探讨热休克转录因子2(HSF2)通过促进白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的表达对肺癌发生的影响.方法 选取50例肺癌患者的癌组织及癌旁组织,采用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组织化学法,分别检测HSF2、IL-10的mRNA、蛋白的表达;在A549细胞中,以siRNA干扰HSF2的表达,采用Western blot法检测IL-10的表达水平.结果 与对应癌旁组织相比,肺癌组织中76％(38/50)病例的HSF2表达上调(P＜0.01),80％ (40/50)病例的IL-10表达上调(P＜0.01),蛋白水平和mRNA水平一致.肺癌组织中IL-10的表达上调与HSF2的表达上调呈正相关(R2 =0.921 6).siRNA干扰HSF2可减弱A549中IL-10的表达.结论 HSF2可通过促进IL-10的表达影响肺癌的发生.     

脑缺血肺损伤大鼠肺组织TNF-α的表达变化

目的 探讨脑缺血后损伤肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的表达变化。方法 成年SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑缺血肺损伤组(n=13),其中每组5只用于免疫组化检测TNF-α在肺的定位分布,余8只分别用于RT-PCR和Western blot检测TNF-α mRNA和蛋白水平变化。术后24 h取肺组织行RT-PCR、术后48 h取肺组织行Western blot检测肺组织TNF-α mRNA和蛋白表达水平;术后3 d取肺组织行免疫组织化学染色检测肺组织内TNF-α的定位分布。结果 肺组织TNF-α mRNA和蛋白表达在脑缺血肺组织明显增加,与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TNF-α主要分布在气道上皮细胞和巨噬样细胞。结论 脑缺血后损伤肺组织TNF-α表达上调,提示其可能与脑缺血肺损伤炎症反应有关。     

旋毛虫重组抗原P53对小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞表达吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶的影响

目的 研究旋毛虫重组抗原P53对小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞（DC2.4）吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶（IDO）的表达及炎性因子分泌情况的影响。方法 设立实验组（旋毛虫重组抗原P53,终浓度为20 µg/mL）、阳性对照组（IFN-γ,来源于提高树突状细胞IDO表达的小鼠,浓度为1 000 U/mL）和阴性对照组（PBS）,分别刺激细胞0、3、6、12、24 h后收集样品,利用qPCR技术对细胞内IDO、IL-10、IL-6、TNF-α的mRNA的转录水平进行检测;利用Western-blot方法检测各组IDO蛋白表达水平。进一步利用间接免疫荧光技术对细胞内的IDO进行检测。结果 qPCR结果表明,旋毛虫P53蛋白能引起胞内IDO、IL-10、IL-6及TNF-α的mRNA的转录水平增加,且呈现出时间依赖性。在24 h时,相比于阴性对照组,P53蛋白刺激组IDO及IL-6转录水平上调了5倍左右,抑炎因子IL-10 mRNA转录水平更是上调了9倍左右,TNF-α mRNA转录水平上调了7倍左右;Western-blot结果显示,旋毛虫P53蛋白刺激组和IFN-γ阳性对照组的细胞内IDO的蛋白表达水平均显著高于空白对照组,在刺激时间为24 h时相比于空白对照组上调了4倍;间接免疫荧光结果显示,旋毛虫P53蛋白刺激组相比于阴性对照组出现了明显的荧光。结论 旋毛虫重组抗原P53能够诱导树突状细胞IDO表达水平的上调,且呈现时间依赖性,可能与旋毛虫逃避宿主的免疫有一定关系。     

姜黄素对透析相关性腹膜炎大鼠腹膜IL-6表达的影响

目的 研究姜黄素在腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎中对大鼠腹膜内白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达的影响.方法 腹腔注射表皮葡萄球菌诱发大鼠急性腹膜炎,应用免疫组织化学染色、Western blot及RT-PCR方法 ,分别在注射后3 h,24 h及48 h检测姜黄素处理组与无姜黄素处理组大鼠腹膜内IL-6的表达情况.结果 腹腔注射表皮葡萄球菌诱导大鼠产生急性腹膜炎后,免疫组化、Western blot及RT-PCR的检测结果 证实,腹膜内IL-6的表达自感染后3 h到24 h出现时间依赖性升高.与无姜黄素处理组相比,姜黄素处理组大鼠腹膜IL-6的表达水平降低.此外,姜黄素处理组腹膜细胞损伤较无姜黄素处理组轻.结论 姜黄素在由表皮葡萄球菌引起的腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎中具有保护作用.     

内毒素诱导巨噬细胞HMGB1表达的实验研究

目的:探讨内毒素(脂多糖,Lipoplysaccharide,LPS)刺激巨噬细胞后高迁移率族蛋白B1(High mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)的释放和表达水平.方法:用100 ng/ml的LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞,分别于刺激后0、6、12、18、24、30、36 h和48 h,用Western blot检测细胞培养上清、细胞浆和细胞核内HMGB1蛋白的含量;用RT-PCR检测细胞中HMGB1的mRNA表达情况;用免疫细胞化学、激光共聚焦显微镜观察LPS刺激后细胞浆和胞核内HMGB1的含量变化.分别于LPS刺激后0、1、2、4 h和6h,用酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzymelinked immunoassay,ELISA)测定细胞培养上清中TNF-α、IL-6的含鼍.结果:LPS刺激后0～12 h细胞培养上清中无法检测到HMGB1蛋白,18 h后细胞培养上清中HMGB1蛋白的含量开始增加,于24 h达到高峰,以后稳定维持在较高水平;LPS刺激前,HMGB1主要分布于细胞核内,胞核中HMGB1蛋白含量较高,胞浆中HMGB1蛋白含量少;LPS刺激后12～48 h细胞浆中HMGB1蛋白含量逐渐增加;而LPS刺激后12～24 h细胞核内HMGB1含量逐渐减少,30 h后细胞核内HMGB1含量又逐渐增多.RT-PCR结果显示,LPS刺激后0～18 h,培养细胞中HMGB1的mRNA表达量无明显变化,24～36 h培养细胞中HMGB1的mRNA表达量明显增加.ELISA结果显示,LPS刺激后1 h,细胞培养上清中TNF-α、IL-6的含量明显增高,2 h达到高峰.结论:LPS可诱导单核-巨噬细胞内HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6表达和释放增加,LPS诱导巨噬细胞释放HMGB1的时间明显晚于TNF-α、IL-6的释放时间;LPS诱导巨噬细胞内的HMGB1从细胞核向细胞浆转位,并释放到细胞外;LPS诱导巨噬细胞HMGB1 mRNA基因表达上调的时间和蛋白合成的时间出现较晚.     

芍药苷减弱真菌葡聚糖诱导的支气管上皮细胞内NLRP3炎性小体活化

目的：探讨脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）联合真菌葡聚糖能否活化支气管上皮细胞16HBE内NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3,NLRP3）炎性小体,芍药苷（paeoniflorin,PF）对该NLRP3炎性小体的活化是否有抑制作用及相关机制。方法：LPS联合真菌葡聚糖建立感染模型,RT-PCR检测细胞内NLRP3、caspase-1、白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-1β mRNA的表达;ELISA检测细胞上清中IL-1β含量;caspase-1活性检测试剂盒检测胞内caspase-1活化程度;流式检测胞内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）变化;Western blot检测胞内NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达变化。结果：LPS联合真菌葡聚糖联合作用于支气管上皮细胞,胞内NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β表达转录加强,细胞上清中IL-1β含量增加,caspase-1活性上调,细胞内ROS升高;PF预作用细胞后,胞内ROS随着药物浓度增加而逐渐降低,NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β的转录表达也随之受抑制而下调。结论：LPS联合真菌葡聚糖可有效活化支气管上皮细胞内NLRP3炎性小体,而PF能有效抑制胞内ROS产生从而抑制炎性小体活化、抑制真菌葡聚糖所致的炎性反应。     

糖皮质激素对急性肺栓塞后肺组织内硫氰酸生成酶表达的影响

目的研究糖皮质激素对大鼠急性肺栓塞后肺组织内硫氰酸生成酶（rhodanase，Rho）表达的影响。方法建立大鼠急性肺栓塞模型，分别在急性肺栓塞后1、8、24和48h开胸取出肺组织。常规提取肺组织的总RNA和总蛋白，以正常组为对照，采取半定量RT—PCR和westem blot方法研究Rho在mRNA水平和蛋白水平的表达变化；采用免疫组织化学的方法检测大鼠肺组织中Rho在肺栓塞前后表达的变化及其组织分布情况。在大鼠急性肺栓塞后48h，采用RT-PCR和western blot方法观察地塞米松（dexamethasone，DEX）对Rho蛋白表达的影响。分离培养原代大鼠气道上皮细胞，在培养液中加入50ng／mL的共刺激因子IL-1β，TNF—α和IFN—γ，采用半定量RT-PCR，western blot和免疫荧光染色的方法观察1μM的DEX对上皮细胞Rho表达的影响，采用ELISA方法检测上皮细胞IL-8和GM-CSF的表达。结果大鼠急性肺栓塞后，Rho的mRNA水平和蛋白水平均逐渐下降，免疫组化研究表明Rho主要分布在支气管粘膜上皮细胞，在急性肺栓塞后表达显著下降。DEX可显著提高Rho的肺内表达。大鼠气道上皮细胞在共刺激因子的作用下IL-8和GM—CSF的表达显著升高，DEX可明显抑制IL-8和GM—CSF的表达，但是Rho的表达显著升高。结论大鼠急性肺栓塞后肺组织内Rho的表达明显下降，糖皮质激素可升高Rho的表达。离体实验证明糖皮质激素是通过抑制上皮细胞的炎症反应来提高Rho的表达。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.