白芍提取物活性成分芍药苷大鼠在体肠吸收动力学的研究

目的：考察芍药苷的大鼠在体肠吸收动力学性质。方法：采用大鼠在体单向灌流法,利用HPLC法测定芍药苷的含量,分别研究吸收部位、药物浓度、灌流速度对芍药苷吸收的影响。结果：各肠段间药物的吸收速率常数Ka和表观吸收系数Papp比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;芍药苷浓度在5.52~21.43 mg/L范围内,吸收速率常数Ka和表观吸收系数Papp比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;随着灌流速度的增加,吸收速率常数Ka和表观吸收系数Papp均明显增加。结论：芍药苷在全肠道均有吸收,且无特定吸收部位;吸收无高浓度饱和现象,提示芍药苷吸收主要为被动扩散机制。     

大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型研究肉桂酸肠道吸收特性

目的 研究肉桂酸在大鼠肠道的吸收部位和吸收机制,以及转运蛋白对肉桂酸肠道吸收的影响.方法 建立在体单向肠灌流模型,采用HPLC法测定肉桂酸在肠道中的浓度变化,通过吸收速度常数(Ka)和表观吸收系数(Peff)来研究肉桂酸的吸收动力学特征.结果 肉桂酸在各个肠段的Ka和Peff结果为十二指肠＞空肠＞回肠,十二指肠和空肠的Ka和Peff值显著性高于回肠(P＜0.05),不同浓度肉桂酸在同一肠段的Ka和Peff值差异无统计学意义,加入MRP2抑制剂(吲哚美辛)后Ka和Peff值差异亦无统计学意义,但加入Pgp抑制剂(盐酸维拉帕米)后其值则显著性增加.结论 十二指肠、空肠是肉桂酸吸收的主要部位,吸收机制为被动转运,肠道转运受Pgp转运蛋白的影响,但不受MRP2转运蛋白的影响.     

在体单向肠灌流模型研究千金子甾醇在大鼠肠吸收特性

目的：研究千金子甾醇在大鼠肠道内的吸收情况以及P-糖蛋白（ P-gp）和多药耐药相关蛋白（ MRP2）对千金子甾醇肠吸收的影响。方法采用大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型,运用高效液相色谱法测定十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠灌流液中千金子甾醇的含量,计算吸收速率常数（ Ka ）和表观渗透系数（Papp）。结果千金子甾醇在大鼠结肠的Ka 及Papp最高（P＜0．05）。加入P-gp抑制剂盐酸维拉帕米后,千金子甾醇在结肠段的Ka 及Papp显著增加;而加入MRP2抑制剂吲哚美辛后,千金子甾醇在大鼠结肠段的Ka及Papp普遍降低。结论千金子甾醇在肠道中的主要吸收部位为结肠,推测千金子甾醇可能为P-gp的底物,而非MRP2的底物。     

秋水仙碱大鼠在体肠吸收特性研究

目的 考察秋水仙碱在大鼠肠道的吸收情况,为新型给药系统设计和处方研究提供生物学依据.方法 以一定质量浓度的秋水仙碱溶液作为灌流液,恒速(0.25 mL/min)对Wistar大鼠不同肠段进行单向灌流,分段收集灌流液并用HPLC法测定其中的药物浓度,以重量法校正水分吸收的影响.结果 20 μg/mL.秋水仙碱灌流液在各肠段的吸收速率常数(Ka)和表观吸收系数(Papp)依次为回肠>十二指肠>空肠>结肠.不同质量浓度(4、20、40μg/mL)灌流液在全肠道的吸收无显著性差异(P>0.05),而灌流液中含1%乳糖与不含乳糖时秋水仙碱的吸收存在显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 秋水仙碱在大鼠各肠段均有不同程度吸收,且乳糖能够促进其吸收.     

积雪草苷大鼠在体肠吸收动力学研究

目的 研究积雪草苷的在体肠吸收机制.方法 采用大鼠在体肠灌流试验,利用HPLC法测定积雪草苷的量,分别研究药物浓度和吸收部位对积雪草苷吸收的影响.结果 在25～100μg/mL,小肠吸收速率常数(Ka)和表观吸收系数(Papp)无显著性差异.各肠段的Ka和Papp有显著性差异,十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠的Ka分别为(0.0298±0.0043)、(0.0365±0.0076)、(0.0335±0.0081)、(0.0070±0.0015)min-1,Papp分别为(3.42±0.63)×10-3、(4.02±1.07)×10-3、(3.79±0.77)×10-3、(1.72±0.43)×10-3cm·min-1.结论 一定范围的药物浓度对积雪草苷的Ka和Papp无影响,其吸收机制为被动扩散.     

瓜蒌薤白提取物中3，29-二苯甲酰基栝楼仁三醇的大鼠在体肠吸收研究

目的：研究瓜蒌薤白（GX）提取物中3,29-二苯甲酰基栝楼仁三醇（DK）的大鼠在体肠吸收机制。方法采用单向灌流模型,高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-PDAD）测定大鼠在体肠灌流GX提取物中DK的浓度变化,研究其吸收部位和吸收动力学特征。结果 GX提取物中DK的主要吸收部位为空肠、回肠和结肠,且三部分肠段间的吸收无显著性差异,均显著大于十二指肠的吸收（P＜0.05）;不同浓度的GX提取物中的DK的Ka值和Papp值无显著差异。结论 GX提取物中DK在全肠道有不同程度的吸收,其中空肠、回肠和结肠吸收最好,药物浓度对GX提取物中DK的Ka值和Papp值无影响,其吸收机制为被动扩散。     

去甲氧基姜黄素羟丙基-β-环糊精在体肠吸收特征

目的 研究去甲氧基姜黄素羟丙基-β-环糊精(DECD)及去甲氧基姜黄素(DE)的在体肠吸收情况.方法 使用DE以环糊精包合技术制备DECD,光谱法测定其理化性质,显微照相观察其形态,马尔文粒径测定仪测定DECD的zeta电位.采用大鼠在体肠段单向灌流模型,并建立紫外分光光度法测定DECD及DE在大鼠体内各肠段的吸收速率常数(Ka)、表观渗透系数(Papp)和吸收百分率.结果 成功制得DECD,其溶解度为2.30 g/L,是DE的38.33倍;zeta电位为-32.2 mV.在体肠吸收实验显示DECD的Ka及Papp皆为回肠＞十二指肠＞空肠＞结肠,且其Ka、Papp与吸收百分率较DE均有所提高.结论 DECD能够明显改善DE在大鼠小肠内的吸收情况.     

缬沙坦大鼠在体肠吸收动力学

通过大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型(SPIP),采用反相高效液相色谱法测定大鼠肠液中缬沙坦的浓度,研究缬沙坦的肠吸收动力学与P-糖蛋白(P-gp)和有机阴离子转运多肽(OATP)对缬沙坦肠吸收的影响。结果表明,缬沙坦为全肠段吸收,吸收速率与灌流液的pH和肠段部位有关,吸收速率按十二指肠、空肠、结肠和回肠顺序下降。缬沙坦在十二指肠的非线性吸收动力学参数为Ka=0.328 h-1;Vm=72.652μmol/(L.h);Km=10.968μmol/L;Vms=69.115μmol/(L.h);Kms=0μmol/L。空肠、结肠和回肠的吸收速率常数分别为(0.595±0.091),(0.586±0.153)和(0.551±0.030)h-1。与原药组相比,含P-gp抑制剂药物组Papp显著增加,含OATP抑制剂药物组Papp显著减少(P<0.05)。缬沙坦的肠吸收机制为主动转运-被动扩散混合吸收,符合非线性动力学过程。     

牛蒡子苷大鼠在体肠吸收动力学研究

摘 要：目的 研究牛蒡子苷在大鼠小肠内的吸收动力学特征。方法 采用大鼠在体肠灌流方法建立牛蒡子苷大鼠肠吸收模型,考察牛蒡子苷在大鼠小肠的吸收情况,计算牛蒡子苷的吸收速率常数（Ka）、吸收半衰期（t1/2）、单位时间吸收率（P）、表观渗透系数（Papp）。结果 牛蒡子苷10～50 μg/mL在肠道吸收的Ka、t1/2、P、Papp值不随质量浓度的变化而变化,基本保持恒定。结论 牛蒡子苷在大鼠体内的小肠吸收符合一级动力学过程,吸收机制为被动转运。     

杠柳苷元大鼠在体肠吸收动力学研究

目的:考察杠柳苷元大鼠在体肠吸收动力学,探讨杠柳苷元可能的吸收机制。方法:采用大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型,使用高效液相色谱法以Hypersil ODS2(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱为固定相,乙腈-水(29∶71)为流动相,流速1 mL·min~(-1),于220 nm波长测定灌流液中杠柳苷元的含量。结果:杠柳苷元不同浓度下的吸收速率常数(Ka)和表观吸收系数(Papp)在考察浓度范围内(1.25、5、20μg·mL~(-1))具有显著性差异(P0.01),存在浓度依赖性。结论:杠柳苷元的肠吸收机制除被动扩散外,可能还涉及主动转运。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.