17β-雌二醇对去卵巢SD大鼠作用的研究

目的:探讨17β-雌二醇对去卵巢雌性SD大鼠骨量和骨组织形态计量学的作用。方法:30只10月龄SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、卵巢切除(OVX)组和17β-雌二醇(EST)组,实验12周后处死大鼠,测定全身骨密度(BMD)和股骨重量,截取第4腰椎进行骨形态计量学的静态参数和动态参数的测量。结果:与Sham组相比,OVX组BMD和股骨重量减少(P<0.05),EST组BMD和股骨重量无明显差异(P>0.05)。与OVX组相比,EST组BMD和股骨重量明显增加(P<0.05)。与OVX组相比,EST组骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量明显上升,骨小梁分离度明显降低,骨表面积骨形成率、骨体积骨形成率、骨组织体积骨形成率和骨矿化沉积率明显下降(均P<0.05),与Sham组接近。结论:17β-雌二醇通过抑制骨转换,阻止骨丢失,增加骨密度。     

运动对去势雌性大鼠不同部位骨密度影响实验研究

目的:探讨运动对去势雌性大鼠不同部位骨密度(BMD)的影响。方法:将24只9月龄雌性大鼠根据体重大小进行配伍分为三组:对照组、单纯去势组、去势后运动组。单纯去势组和去势后运动组大鼠均行双侧卵巢切除。去势后运动组大鼠卵巢切除后在跑台上进行中等强度运动(18m/min,1h/d,5d/w)12周。12周后处死动物后用双能X线骨密度仪对各组大鼠椎体和股骨骨密度进行测定,以体重变化为协变量,采用协方差分析对不同部位骨密度进行分析。结果:股骨BMD组间比较差异有显著性意义,对照组明显高于去势组,运动组高于去势组和对照组,差异非常显著。腰椎BMD各组间比较差异有显著性意义,对照组和运动组均高于去势组,运动组与对照组之间无显著性差异。结论:运动可以预防去势大鼠骨量丢失,在椎体表现为预防骨量的丢失,在股骨表现为骨量增加。在大鼠骨质疏松模型中应该根据研究重点的不同选择不同的观察对象。     

辛伐他汀不同干预方案对骨质疏松大鼠骨质量的影响

目的探讨和比较不同干预方案下辛伐他汀对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失和骨质量下降的干预效果。方法3月龄雌性SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组,每组8只:假手术(A)组、卵巢切除(B)组、卵巢切除加辛伐他汀前半程干预组(C)和后半程干预组(D)。除A组接受假手术外,其余各组大鼠行双侧卵巢切除术,C组于术后给予辛伐他汀(5 mg/kg/d)干预10周后停药,D组于术后10周开始接受辛伐他汀干预。术后20周处死所有大鼠,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清I型前胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)、I型胶原羧基端交联端肽(ICTP)水平,取第3、4、5腰椎,双能X线法检测大鼠第3腰椎骨密度,压缩试验检测第4腰椎侧最大载荷、弹性模量等生物力学指标,微计算机断层扫描技术(micro-CT)检测第5腰椎松质骨骨量和微观结构。结果 (1)血清学检测结果:B、C、D组PINP和ICTP均显著高于A组;(2)骨密度:B组显著低于其余各组,C、D组显著低于A组(P0.05);(3)生物力学:最大载荷、弹性模量B组显著低于其余3组(P0.05)、C、D组显著低于A组(P0.05);4、micro-CT:A组骨容积率(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)显著高于其余3组,骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)显著低于其余3组(P0.05),C、D组Tb.Sp显著低于B组(P0.05)。结论大鼠去卵巢20周后发生明显骨量丢失和骨质量下降,选择前半程干预和后半程干预均能部分阻止该模型骨量丢失、微结构退变和力学性能下降,但骨密度均不能恢复到正常水平。     

他莫昔芬对去势大鼠松质骨及皮质骨骨密度的影响

目的：选择性雌激素受体调节剂对去势大鼠松质骨,皮质骨骨密度的影响,方法：将21只SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组7只,A组为对照组,B组为去势组,C组为去势＋他莫昔芬组,在去势后5wk给药,术后16wk处死各组大鼠,进行离体骨密度（bone mineral demsity,BMD)测量及组织形态学测量,结果：（1）与对照组相比,去势组去势后16wk股骨头,股骨颈,股骨干,肱骨头,肱骨干,腰椎BND显降低（P＜0．01）,骨小梁体积,骨小梁碍度,椎体皮质骨厚度,结连结密度,结密度亦明显降低（P＜0．05）而游离端密度和结连游离瑞密度增高（P＜0．01）,（2）他莫昔芬治疗后11wk,各部位BMD增加（P＜0．01）,但没有恢复到正常水平（P＜0．05）,腰椎骨小梁连接参数恢复到对照组水平（P＞0．05）,结论：（1）去势后16wk大鼠松质骨,皮质骨骨量均明显下降,腰椎骨小梁三维结构破坏,骨小梁连结程度降低。（2）他莫昔芬治疗后,松质骨,皮质骨骨量均明显增加,但没有恢复到去势前水平,（3）他莫昔芬能增加腰椎椎体皮质骨厚度,增加腰椎骨小染厚度,增加皮质骨,松质骨骨量,还可提高腰椎微构筑的质量,使骨小染连程度增加。     

骨保护素在雌性去势大鼠不同时期骨组织的表达

目的观察骨保护素（OPG）在雌性大鼠去势前后骨组织的变化及与相关指标的关系,探讨其在骨质疏松发病机制中的作用.方法SD雌性大鼠随机分为生长期组、成年组、去卵巢（OVX）后1,2,3月组和对照组.测定血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）;双能x线吸收法测定骨密度（BMD）.取胫骨进行骨组织计量学测定及免疫组织化学方法结合图像分析进行OPG半定量分析.结果去势大鼠术后1月骨质疏松模型成功.对照组OPG随月龄逐渐增加,去卵巢后表达下降.单位骨小梁面积中OPG与TRAP存在正相关;骨组织总OPG与BMD正相关,与AKP负相关.结论去势引起OPG骨组织表达下降.OPG在骨质疏松发病机制中发挥重要作用.     

磁化活血通络灵液对去势大鼠快速骨丢失的影响

[目的]观察磁化活血通络灵液对雌性去势大鼠骨密度、骨组织形态学、骨生物力学影响,探究其对快速骨流失的影响和骨质疏松的防治作用。[方法]将84只SPF级SD雌性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、去势对照组、去势后服用阿仑膦酸钠组[7 mg/(kg·w)]、去势后涂磁化活血通络灵药液组[1 mL/(100g·d)]、加磁1组(120 mT)、加磁2组(180 mT)、加磁3组(220 mT),每组12只。除空白对照组外,均采用摘除卵巢的方法复制快速骨流失大鼠模型,造模后第3天,各组分别施加相应的干预因素。术后5周,第1次心脏取血。每组取血6~8只,用于骨代谢指标检测。术后6周,各实验组分取6只大鼠处死,行骨组织形态计量学检测。术后18周,按前法行第2次心脏取血,同前法检测。处死后分取双下肢股骨,用于骨密度、骨组织形态学、骨生物力学检测。[结果]与去势对照组比较,大鼠去势经磁化活血通络灵液治疗后,从骨计量学结果、骨密度测量、Micro-CT以及力学三点弯曲试验显示,其对改善松质骨骨小梁细微结构和提高皮质骨的力学性能等方面作用明显(P0.05)。[结论]实验表明,磁化活血通络灵液对延缓骨量丢失,尤其在骨密度、骨组织形态学、骨生物力学方面对骨质疏松症有一定的治疗效果。     

骨膦预防大鼠卵巢切除后骨质疏松的研究

为对骨膦的药效学进行综合评价,取8月龄雌性Wistar大鼠44只,随机分为4组,每组11只.骨膦组大鼠切除双侧卵巢后,皮下注射骨膦12周,与单纯卵巢切除组(OVX组)、假手术组(SHAM组)及口服尼尔雌醇组(E3组)比较.用骨生物力学、骨密度测量和骨形态计量学等方法对骨膦的药效学进行综合评价.结果:与SHAM组比较,OVX组骨灰重、骨干重、骨钙含量和骨密度、抗弯力、骨小梁体积密度及宽度均明显降低,而成骨细胞指数和破骨细胞指数、尿羟脯氨酸则明显增高.骨膦和E3能使上述指标显著改善,接近正常水平.由此表明骨膦和E3能有效防止去势雌鼠骨量的丢失.     

探讨藿骨牡蛎方调节绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠破骨-成骨平衡的作用及其机制

目的 基于破骨-成骨平衡探讨藿骨牡蛎方(淫羊藿、骨碎补、生牡蛎)对绝经后骨质疏松症(PMOP)大鼠的防治作用及其机制。方法 将48只雌性SD大鼠按体质量分为假手术组、模型组、强骨胶囊组(0.054 g/kg)、碳酸钙组(1.670 g/kg)、藿骨牡蛎方低剂量组(0.188 g/kg)、藿骨牡蛎方高剂量组(0.375 g/kg),每组8只。适应性喂养后,除假手术组仅切除卵巢附近等体积脂肪,其余大鼠以双侧卵巢去势手术建立PMOP模型。造模成功后灌胃相应药物,连续90 d。酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测血清雌二醇(E₂)、雌激素受体α(ERα)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽(PINP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP-5b);比色法检测血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA);显微计算机断层成像检测大鼠股骨骨密度(BMD)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)和结构模型指数(SMI),并观察松质骨显微结构;蛋白质印迹法检测大鼠股骨组织骨保护素(OPG)、核因子κB受体活化...     

低强度脉冲电磁场对大鼠骨密度及骨形态计量学的影响

目的:探讨低强度脉冲电磁场对大鼠骨密度及生物力学特性的影响. 方法:将32只3 mo龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=8):去势组、对照组、磁场A组、磁场B组;各组大鼠均采用下腹部切口,去势组及磁场组行双侧卵巢切除术,对照组仅行开腹术. 其中,磁场A组暴露于强度为4×10-4 T的脉冲磁场环境中,磁场B组暴露于强度为8×10-4 T的脉冲磁场环境中,两组磁场频率f均为15 Hz,τ为5 ms,暴磁时间为6 h/d. 各组动物饲养条件相同,8 wk后处死,测定全身骨密度及骨形态计量学指标. 结果:与去势组大鼠相比,磁场组全身骨密度、股骨远端骨密度、骨小梁面积百分比、骨小梁宽度、骨小梁数目均有增加(P<0.05),骨小梁间隙减小(P<0.05);而与对照组相比,磁场B组全身骨密度、骨小梁面积百分比以及骨小梁数目等指标间的差异则没有显著性意义(P>0.05);两磁场组之间作比较,全身骨密度和骨小梁数目的差异显著(P<0.05). 结论:PEMFs对卵巢切除大鼠骨质疏松症的发生有一定的预防和治疗作用,磁场生物效应存在明显的窗口效应.     

骨痛宁搽剂对去势雌鼠骨组织病理学及形态计量学的影响

目的 观察骨痛宁搽剂对去势大鼠骨质疏松所致的骨组织病理学与骨形态计量学改变的影响.方法通过切除大白鼠卵巢建立大鼠雌激素缺乏OP模型,分别给予骨痛宁搽剂(TN组)、骨质增生一贴灵(T组)及骨友灵搽剂(Y)于大鼠大腿外用,并与正常大鼠(N组)、假手术(S组)及模型(OP组)对照,苏木精-伊红染色,分别观察骨组织病理形态改变,测量骨小梁体积、骨小梁周长、破骨细胞指教、成骨细胞指数.结果 T、Y及OP组均有骨小梁破坏等OP改变,而TN改变较T、Y及OP组轻微;骨计量学测定发现,TN、T、Y及OP组大白鼠切除卵巢后小梁体积百分比降低;T、Y及OP组骨小梁周长低于S、N及TN组;T、Y及OP组成骨细胞指数及破骨细胞指数升高.结论 骨痛宁搽剂对去势大鼠骨质疏松所致的骨组织病理学与骨形态计量学改变具有保护作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.