他莫昔芬对肾间质纤维化影响的实验研究

目的：探讨他莫昔芬对肾组织纤维化的影响及作用机制.方法：雌性SD大鼠,建立单侧输尿管梗阻模型（UUO）,设置3组：①模型组（n=6）,行左侧输尿管结扎术,0.3ml无菌等渗盐水灌胃,每天2次;②治疗组（n=6）,他莫昔芬5mg/kg （0.3ml无菌等渗盐水配置） 灌胃,每天2次;③假手术组（n=6）.术后第9d处死各组大鼠.采用光镜和免疫组化观察肾间质纤维化、炎细胞浸润和α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）表达的变化.结果：①治疗组大鼠肾间质纤维化程度较模型组明显减轻.②模型组第9d时大鼠肾组织α-SMA表达明显增强,采用他莫昔芬治疗后,肾组织α-SMA表达的异常增强能得到有效抑制,肾组织炎细胞浸润明显减少.结论：昔芬类药物具有减轻肾间质纤维化的作用,而这一作用与其能有效阻抑肾组织上皮细胞-间充质细胞转分化和减少肾间质炎细胞浸润有关.     

安体舒通和缬沙坦对UUO大鼠肾脏的抗氧化保护作用

目的 探讨醛固酮受体拮抗剂安体舒通和血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体拮抗剂(AT1Ra)缬沙坦对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型肾间质纤维化的抗氧化保护作用.方法 Wistar大鼠行左侧输尿管结扎术,分为UUO模型组(n=11),安体舒通治疗组(US,n=12),缬沙坦治疗组(UV,n=11)和安体舒通+缬沙坦治疗组(USV,n=10),同时设假手术对照组(n=7).术后第14天处死各组大鼠,进行HE和Masson染色,观察肾脏病理变化;比色法测定肾组织羟脯氨酸(HYP),丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量;免疫组织化学方法测定α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达.结果 UUO组与其它组大鼠比较,肾组织HYP和MDA含量明显升高,SOD含量显著下降,肾脏病理改变加重,肾组织α-SMA的表达显著增加(P<0.05);各用药组与UUO组大鼠比较,肾组织HYP和MDA含量明显降低,SOD含量升高,肾间质纤维化显著减轻,肾组织α-SMA的表达显著减少(P<0.05).结论 安体舒通联合缬沙坦能减少单侧输尿管梗阻肾组织脂质过氧化物的产生,增加抗氧化酶的含量,从而显著改善UUO大鼠氧化应激所致的肾间质纤维化.     

Rock1基因在实验性肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织中的表达及其意义

目的:观察Rock1基因在实验性肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织中的表达规律,探讨Rock1在介导肾间质损伤与纤维化中的作用和意义。方法:采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR),观察单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠不同阶段肾组织中Rock1mRNA表达水平的改变,及其与肾小管间质损伤相关指标和平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)mRNA表达水平的相关性。结果:Rock1基因在肾间质纤维化发生早期即明显上调(F=18.45,P<0.001),第7天达高峰而后下降,至UUO模型后期(第21天)降至基础表达水平。α-SMA基因表达在第3天即明显上调(F=18.43,P<0.001),第14天达高峰后有所下降,至模型后期仍高于基础表达。Rock1基因表达较α-SMA提前达到高峰,二者呈显著正相关(r=0.617,P<0.05)。Rock1基因与UUO大鼠肾间质炎性浸润程度呈显著正相关(r=0.673,P<0.01),并且在病变进展阶段与间质纤维化指标呈显著的正相关(r=0.664,P<0.01)。结论:Rock1基因在肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织中出现了明显表达异常,它可能通过介导炎性细胞浸润和诱导细胞表型改变而参与了肾间质纤维化的形成。     

UUO模型大鼠肾间质纤维化动态进展及α-SMA、TGF-β1和VDR表达变化

目的 观察单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型大鼠肾小管间质纤维化动态进展,研究该病理过程中肾脏纤维化相关蛋白表达的变化.方法 32只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=16)和UUO模型组(模型组,n=16).两组大鼠分别于术后(模型组建模后)第2、5、9、14天分批(n=4)处死,留取手术侧(模型组梗阻侧)肾脏组织.分别采用HE和Masson染色、免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting等方法,评价肾小管间质纤维化损伤程度并检测肾脏组织α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、维生素D受体(VDR)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)等相关蛋白的表达.结果 肾脏组织形态学观察显示,随着输尿管梗阻时间的延长,肾小管间质纤维化程度逐步加重.免疫组织化学染色显示,模型组大鼠建模后各时间点肾间质α-SMA和FN阳性面积百分比均显著高于假手术组(P＜0.05),且随着梗阻时间的延长逐渐升高,至建模后第14天时达到高峰.Western blotting分析表明,模型组大鼠建模后各时间点α-SMA和TGF-β1相对表达量均显著高于假手术组(P＜0.05),而VDR相对表达量显著低于假手术组(P＜0.05);建模后第2天,模型组大鼠肾脏组织α-SMA相对表达量已显著增加;建模后第14天,模型组α-SMA和TGF-β1相对表达量分别增高至假手术组的12.7倍和8.8倍,而VDR相对表达量下降至假手术组的3%.结论 UUO模型大鼠建模后第14天可出现显著的肾间质纤维化;建模早期肾间质中α-SMA表达增加提示肾间质成纤维细胞的活化;VDR表达的进行性减少提示其与肾间质纤维化有关.     

依那普利对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的防治作用

目的:动态观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂依那普利对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响.方法:采用单侧输尿管梗阻模型,雄性SD大鼠64只随机分为假手术组(n=16)、模型组(n=24)和依那普利治疗组(n=24).治疗组从造模前24 h开始以依那普利10 nag/(kg·d)灌胃,模型组和假手术组以等体积的生理盐水灌胃.分别于造模后第3,7,14,21天处死大鼠,取梗阻侧肾组织,行HE染色和Masson染色观察各组大鼠肾组织病理改变,采用real-time PCR方法检测肾组织Ⅰ型胶原mRNA的表达,应用Westem免疫印迹检测结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)蛋白表达.结果:随着梗阻时间的延长,模型组大鼠肾间质损伤指数评分逐渐增加,肾间质胶原相对面积逐渐增大,Ⅰ型胶原mRNA和CTGF蛋白表达逐渐增加.依那普利治疗后,肾间质损伤指数和肾间质胶原相对面积下降,Ⅰ型胶原mRNA和CTGF蛋白表达均减少,与模型组比较,差异在第3,7,14天有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在第21天无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:依那普利可减轻梗阻肾间质纤维化,这一作用可能与其能抑制肾组织Ⅰ型胶原mRNA和CTGF蛋白表达有关.     

非诺贝特治疗单侧输尿管结扎小鼠肾纤维化的机制研究

  目的  探讨非诺贝特在单侧输尿管结扎诱导的小鼠肾纤维化中的作用机制,为肾纤维化提供潜在的治疗靶点。  方法  成年雄性C57BL/6J小鼠31只,随机分为假手术组（Sham组,n=9）、单侧输尿管结扎组（UUO组,n=10）和单侧输尿管结扎+非诺贝特治疗组（UUO+Feno组,n=12）。UUO组及UUO+Feno组小鼠均结扎左侧输尿管,Sham组小鼠仅游离左侧输尿管,不做结扎处理。术后第二日起,UUO+Feno组每日给予10 mg/kg （终浓度为0.08 mg/mL）的非诺贝特溶液灌胃,持续14 d;其余两组每日灌胃等量生理盐水。术后第15 天灌胃结束后处死小鼠取材,检测血清肌酐和尿素氮,肾组织行HE染色、Masson染色和Sirius Red染色,检测肾组织羟脯氨酸含量,免疫组化染色检测肾组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、Ⅰ型胶原（COLⅠ）蛋白表达,Western blot法检测肾组织α-SMA、COLⅠ蛋白表达变化,实时荧光定量（RT）- PCR法检测肾组织纤维化相关基因基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）2、MMP9、COLⅠA1、COLⅠA2、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（TIMP-1）、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、α-SMA mRNA的表达变化。  结果  与Sham组相比,UUO组小鼠血清肌酐及尿素氮水平升高（P<0.05）;与UUO组相比,UUO+Feno组小鼠血清肌酐及尿素氮水平降低（P<0.05）。HE染色、Masson染色、Sirius Red染色以及肾羟脯氨酸含量的结果均表明UUO组较Sham组胶原沉积明显增多,炎性细胞浸润明显,UUO+Feno组较UUO组胶原沉积程度显著减轻,炎性细胞浸润程度显著改善,对肾纤维化的启动阶段有抑制作用。免疫组化结果显示:与Sham组相比,UUO组 α -SMA、COLⅠ在肾组织中的表达水平升高（P<0.05）;与UUO相比,UUO+Feno组α-SMA、COLⅠ在肾组织中的表达水平降低（P<0.05）;RT-PCR和Western blot结果显示:与Sham组相比,UUO组纤维化相关因子的mRNA及α-SMA、COLⅠ蛋白表达水平均升高（P<0.05）;与UUO组相比,UUO+Feno组纤维化相关因子的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均降低（P< 0.05）。  结论  非诺贝特通过调控与肾脏纤维化相关因子的表达水平改善肾脏纤维化。     

UUO模型大鼠肾间质纤维化动态进展及α-SMA、TGF-β1和VDR表达变化

目的 观察单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）模型大鼠肾小管间质纤维化动态进展,研究该病理过程中肾脏纤维化相关蛋白表达的变化.方法 32只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（n=16）和UUO模型组（模型组,n=16）.两组大鼠分别于术后（模型组建模后）第2、5、9、14天分批（n=4）处死,留取手术侧（模型组梗阻侧）肾脏组织.分别采用HE和Masson染色、免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting等方法,评价肾小管间质纤维化损伤程度并检测肾脏组织α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）、维生素D受体（VDR）及转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）等相关蛋白的表达.结果 肾脏组织形态学观察显示,随着输尿管梗阻时间的延长,肾小管间质纤维化程度逐步加重.免疫组织化学染色显示,模型组大鼠建模后各时间点肾间质α-SMA和FN阳性面积百分比均显著高于假手术组（P＜0.05）,且随着梗阻时间的延长逐渐升高,至建模后第14天时达到高峰.Western blotting分析表明,模型组大鼠建模后各时间点α-SMA和TGF-β1相对表达量均显著高于假手术组（P＜0.05）,而VDR相对表达量显著低于假手术组（P＜0.05）;建模后第2天,模型组大鼠肾脏组织α-SMA相对表达量已显著增加;建模后第14天,模型组α-SMA和TGF-β1相对表达量分别增高至假手术组的12.7倍和8.8倍,而VDR相对表达量下降至假手术组的3%.结论 UUO模型大鼠建模后第14天可出现显著的肾间质纤维化;建模早期肾间质中α-SMA表达增加提示肾间质成纤维细胞的活化;VDR表达的进行性减少提示其与肾间质纤维化有关.     

α-平滑肌肌动蛋白在单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织中的表达

目的观察α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）在单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠中的表达情况,探讨其与肾间质纤维化的关系。方法采用单侧输尿管结扎术制备肾间质纤维化模型,将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,每组分别于术后7、14、21d各处死10只大鼠,取梗阻侧肾组织行HE、Masson染色观察肾间质纤维化程度,行免疫组化方法检测两组大鼠不同时间段α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）表达水平。结果假手术组中,肾小球、肾小管和间质细胞均无α-SMA,与假手术相比,模型组手术后7d,肾间质中α-SMA阳性细胞数增多,呈进行性升高趋势,其与肾间质纤维化程度呈正相关。结论α-平滑肌肌动蛋白在肾间质纤维化的进展过程中发挥重要作用。     

1,25-二羟维生素D_3对大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用研究

目的：研究1,25-二羟维生素D3〔1,25-（OH）2D3〕对单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响。方法：45只大鼠随机分为假手术组（n=15）、UUO组（n=15）和1,25-（OH）2D3干预组（n=15）,建立UUO大鼠肾间质纤维化模型,干预组于术后第1天起每天腹腔注射1,25-（OH）2D3,假手术组及UUO组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。分别于术后第3天、第7天和第14天处死大鼠,每次5只,取梗阻侧肾脏行HE、Masson染色及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）免疫组化标记,观察肾损伤程度和肾间质纤维化程度;取血测定肌酐和尿素氮水平观察肾功能;处死前1天收集24 h尿液,检测尿中蛋白含量。结果：与假手术组相比,UUO组和干预组各时间点HE、Masson染色和α-SMA表达变化明显,呈逐渐加重趋势,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;肌酐、尿素氮及24 h尿蛋白含量术后第3和第7天时表现为升高,术后第14天时出现下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与UUO组相比,干预组各时间点各项指标变化明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：1,25-（OH）2D3可抑制UUO大鼠肾间质纤维化进程,改善肾功能。     

肾间质纤维化实验动物模型的多角度筛选

目的:比较腺嘌呤灌胃和单侧输尿管结扎建立大鼠肾间质纤维化模型,从而得到生化、免疫组化及病理指标更符合肾间质纤维化的动物模型,以备后续实验使用。方法:实验大鼠分为正常组、腺嘌呤组和单侧输尿管结扎手术(UUO)组3组,后两组分别运用腺嘌呤灌胃和单侧输尿管结扎建立大鼠肾间质纤维化。观察各组大鼠尿蛋白定量、血肌酐和尿素氮;HE、Masson染色,观察病理变化;免疫组化法检测肾组织E-cadherin、β-catenin及α-SMA的表达。结果:与正常组比较,腺嘌呤组24h尿蛋白、血清尿素氮和血清肌酐均有较为显著升高(P0.01);UUO组24h尿蛋白有显著性升高(P0.05)、血清尿素氮和血清肌酐均有较为显著升高(P0.01)。与腺嘌呤组比较,UUO组24h尿蛋白显著性升高(P0.05)。与正常组比较,腺嘌呤组、UUO组的E-cadherin平均光密度值有显著性降低(P0.05),α-SMA和β-catenin平均光密度值有显著性升高(P0.01、P0.05);与腺嘌呤组比较,UUO组β-catenin有显著性降低(P0.05)。病理显示,腺嘌呤组肾小管损伤较UUO组严重。结论:UUO建立的大鼠肾间质纤维化模型在生化、免疫组化及病理指标优于腺嘌呤组。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.