国外社区卫生服务绩效管理和信息技术应用的现状研究

社区卫生服务（community health service,CHS）在保障居民享有基本医疗资源、提高人口健康水平等方面具有极其重要的作用。绩效管理作为一种先进的管理工具,可以促进社区卫生服务的可持续发展并提高其服务效率。部分发达国家已经在社区卫生服务领域开展了卓有成效的绩效管理机制,值得我国借鉴。本研究梳理了国外的社区卫生服务绩效管理现状,介绍了美国、英国、澳大利亚三个国家的社区卫生服务绩效管理特色以及在该领域信息技术的应用情况。以此为基础,进一步提出我国发展社区卫生服务绩效管理的相关建议。     

社区卫生服务绩效管理信息系统的功能设计

本文按照通用性、科学性、动态性及以用户需求为导向的原则,设计了社区卫生服务绩效管理信息系统,系统的主要功能模块包括绩效计划、绩效考核、绩效评估、绩效反馈、结果应用、模型库管理及系统管理。本研究提出利用信息技术来整合绩效管理各个方面,以提高社区卫生服务的管理水平,并期望能为各地区社区卫生服务绩效管理系统的建设提供参考。     

社区卫生服务系统绩效评价框架构建

目前绩效研究已完成从个人绩效研究向组织绩效研究的拓展，并开始向系统绩效研究延伸。我国卫生领域绩效评价已在医院、公共卫生机构、社区卫生服务机构、乡镇卫生院等多个层面开展，客观上促进了我国卫生各领域的绩效。社区卫生服务绩效研究目前主要是在机构或个人层面上开展，还未涉及到系统绩效的研究。基于社区卫生服务发展的需要，     

北京市某区社区卫生服务中心内部绩效管理实践研究与效果评价

背景北京市制定了一系列社区卫生服务中心绩效管理方面的政策,多数社区卫生服务中心以考核为主,并未形成绩效管理体系。本研究在原有内部绩效考核体系的基础上,针对存在的问题完善绩效管理,形成一套适用于全区社区卫生服务中心的绩效管理体系。目的 探讨绩效管理体系在社区卫生服务中心的内部实施效果。方法2019年本课题组对北京市通州区18所社区卫生服务中心的中心岗位设置、考核指标与权重、绩效反馈与改进等方面绩效管理现状进行基线调查。通过德尔菲专家咨询法确定绩效管理实施效果的评价指标,最终确定包含6个一级指标（服务数量、服务利用、服务质量、医务人员绩效评价、患者满意度和目标管理）、34个二级指标的《社区卫生服务中心内部绩效管理手册》（以下简称手册）。2021年对手册应用效果进行评价（服务数量、服务利用、服务质量、医务人员绩效评价、患者满意度和目标管理）。结果 2020年重点工作的服务数量、服务利用和服务质量较上年度提高,除家庭医生签约率和老年人体检真实率略低于全区平均水平,其余指标均高于全区水平;医务人员绩效评价：医务人员认为工资与工作量比较匹配和非常匹配上升了29.8%;对中心发展目标、科室发展目标和...     

基于信息化的社区卫生服务基本医疗功能评价体系构建(待续)

社区卫生服务正在向公益性、均等化方面转变,在此过程中,如何提高社区卫生服务的工作效率和管理手段至关重要,因此通过绩效管理促进社区卫生服务发展已经成为当务之急。建立以居民健康档案为核心的区域信息共享平台,在此基础上对社区卫生服务基本医疗功能进行绩效评价,使卫生管理者能动态掌握卫生服务资源和利用信息,实现科学管理和决策,从而达到有效地控制医疗费用的不合理增长、减少医疗差错、提高医疗与服务质量的目的。卫生信息化提供了一把刚性的"尺子",对建立高效、公正、科学的社区卫生服务绩效运行、评估、考核、激励机制有巨大的促进作用。在社区卫生服务管理信息化方面,信息管理系统能很好的通过绩效管理、量化考核分析、星级医患互动、服务评价分析等等相关信息化手段促进了社区卫生服务中心的服务模式和管理模式创新。     

基于组织行为学视角全科医生绩效的实证研究

目的 目前,基层医疗服务状态如同一潭"死水",低水平的社区卫生服务质量阻碍了我国新医改进程。基于此,国家开启了全面提升社区卫生服务工程。提高全科医生工作绩效成为社区卫生服务提升工程的必然选择,本研究旨在探讨社区卫生服务组织内领导风格与全科医生工作绩效的关系,检验组织主人翁行为的中介效应,为提升社区卫生服务质量提供理论依据。 方法 采用分层抽样法先抽取哈尔滨、大庆、绥化、黑河、大兴安岭和齐齐哈尔6个城市,通过会议集中调研方法,对263个社区卫生服务机构参会代表进行问卷调查。采用多元阶层回归分析法检验变量之间关系及中介效应。 结果 变革型领导对组织主人翁行为(β=0.351,P<0.01)以及全科医生绩效(β=0.286,P<0.01)具有显著正向影响,组织主人翁行为对全科医生绩效(β=0.486,P<0.01)具有显著正向影响,组织主人翁行为在二者之间扮演完全中介作用。 结论 变革型领导对全科医生绩效的影响是通过组织主人翁行为的传导从而实现,本研究从"积极心理传递、互惠理论、心理与文化建设"三个理论视角阐述其关系的作用机制,为构建科学的全科医生人力资源管理体系与组织领导力实践提供一些理论参考。      

社康中心绩效核算方法的应用和效果评价

目的探索院办院管模式下的社区卫生服务中心绩效核算方法及实施效果。方法采用数量指标、质量系数、满意度系数3个方面相结合核算社区卫生服务中心的绩效,把不直接产生经济效益的公共卫生服务项目纳入核算指标中,并对实施前后的效果进行比较。结果建立了社区卫生服务中心绩效工资核算公式,实施后基本诊疗量、公共卫生服务量、年度评估分值分别提高了35.13%、34.32%、7.15%,居民满意度和职工满意度均明显提高,与实施前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论以"数量-质量-满意度"三方相结合核算社区卫生服务中心绩效的做法,能提升社区卫生服务中心的整体服务水平和满意度。     

论社区卫生服务中心绩效评估中的效率指标

目的为配合社区卫生服务中心＂收支两条线、医保预付制＂的改革。方法强调科学设计和遴选效率指标,分析各效率指标的价值和意义,开展以效率为核心的绩效评估。结果绩效评估结果更科学,更实际,更有说服力。结论以效率为核心的绩效评估有利于促进和深化社区卫生服务的改革,有利于引导和规范社区卫生服务的行为。     

精细化管理提高社区卫生服务机构核心竞争力探讨

随着我国经济和社会的发展,人民群众的社区健康医疗服务需求在持续增长,社会对各社区卫生服务机构的期望值上升,必然推动相关服务功能与任务逐步扩大,由此带来社区卫生服务机构管理内容、管理方法以及管理手段等一系列的变化.同时,随着医药卫生事业体制改革的逐步深入,社区卫生服务机构生存和发展的外部环境和内部机制都发生了很大的变化.社区卫生服务产业有其自身的市场规律,作为一个社区卫生服务机构,从市场定位到产品设计,从市场营销到客户服务,从知识服务到技术支持,从人文关怀到绩效管控等都需要相对专业的人才.     

基于信息技术的社区卫生服务绩效管理研究

本研究基于绩效管理的理论,构建了社区卫生服务绩效管理业务模型,将绩效计划、绩效考核、绩效评估、绩效反馈及结果应用融合成一个有机的整体,解决了当前侧重于绩效考核、绩效管理业务流程不明确的问题;并在绩效管理的关键环节引入了考核方案知识库、评分基准库和经费测算模型库以及异常绩效知识库,以便在实现社区卫生服务绩效全过程管理的同时,提高绩效管理的灵活性和智能性。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.