绞股蓝多糖对四氯化碳急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨绞股蓝多糖（gynostemma pentaphyllum makino polysaccharide,PGP）对四氯化碳（carbon tetrachloride,CCl4）急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 48只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为正常对照组、CCl4损伤组、PGP保护组（PGP浓度分别为3 mg/kg、6 mg/kg、12 mg/kg、18 mg/kg 4组）,每组各8只。CCl4腹腔注射建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型。采用肝组织切片病理学观察,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）活性。结果与CCl4损伤组比较,PGP各保护组肝组织病理改变均明显减轻,PGP各保护组血清ALT、AST活性明显降低（P〈0.05）,以绞股蓝多糖浓度6 mg/kg保护效果最佳。结论 PGP对CCl4急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化,稳定细胞膜和溶酶体膜防止肝细胞坏死有关。     

肉苁蓉多糖对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究肉苁蓉多糖对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用CCl4急性肝损伤模型,通过小鼠灌胃给予高、低剂量的肉苁蓉多糖（400 mg／kg、100 mg／kg ）,并以联苯双酯（150 mg／kg ）为阳性对照药,检测小鼠血清的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）及肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量。结果：肉苁蓉多糖高剂量组小鼠的血清ALT、AST与CCl4模型组相比显著降低（ P＜0．05）,低剂量组ALT、AST与CCl4模型组相比差异无统计学意义,各剂量组MDA含量与模型组相比显著降低（ P ＜0．05）、SOD的活性显著增高（ P ＜0．05）。结论：肉苁蓉多糖对小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

蕨麻多糖的提取及对CCl_4急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 观察蕨麻多糖对CCl4致急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 60只昆明种小鼠按随机数字表分为6组,分别为正常对照组、CCl4模型对照组、联苯双酯组、蕨麻多糖低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800 mg/kg).给药7 d后用0.1%的CCl4灌胃,建立实验性急性肝损伤模型,观察体重、脾脏系数、肝脏系数及血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性.结果 蕨麻多糖能明显降低CCl4肝损伤小鼠血清巾ALT、AST的活性(P＜0.05),且与剂量呈负相关.结论 蕨麻多糖对小鼠CCl4肝损伤有良好的保护作用.     

染料木素磺酸钠对慢性肝损伤小鼠肝功能及肝组织α7 nAchR和IL-1β蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察染料木素磺酸钠（GSS）对小鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用,以及其对肝组织α7尼古丁受体（α7nAChR）和白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）蛋白表达的影响。方法取 SPF 级雄性昆明种小鼠60只分成5组,分别为对照组、模型组、GSS 低剂量组、GSS 高剂量组及阳性药物组,每组12只。除对照组外其余4组采用腹腔注射10％四氯化碳（CCl4）,体积为0．1 mL／10 g,持续6周,制备小鼠慢性肝损伤动物模型。同时 GSS 高、低剂量组分别灌胃给予不同剂量的 GSS（0．30、0．10 mg／kg）,阳性药物组给予联苯双酯2．50 mg／kg,对照组及模型组给予等体积生理盐水,连续6 周。测定小鼠血清 AST 及 ALT 活性,并计算 AST／ALT 比值;Western blot 方法检测α7nAChR、IL-1β蛋白表达水平。结果模型组小鼠血清 ALT、AST 水平较对照组升高（P ＜0．05）,肝组织α7nAChR 蛋白表达水平降低（P ＜0．01）,IL-1β的表达水平升高（P ＜0．05）;经 GSS 治疗后,血清 AST、ALT 水平明显低于模型组（P ＜0．05）,α7nAChR 表达水平升高（P ＜0．01）,IL-1β表达水平降低（P ＜0．05）。结论 GSS 可升高损伤的肝组织α7nAChR 的表达,激活胆碱能抗炎通路,从而减少致炎细胞因子的表达,可通过抑制炎症反应对抗小鼠慢性肝损伤。     

北五味子粗多糖对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的：探讨北五味子粗多糖（SCP）对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用,并初步揭示其作用机制。方法：将50只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、SCP低剂量组（50 mg/kg）、SCP高剂量组（100 mg/kg）和阳性药物组（联苯双酯,150 mg/kg）组,灌胃给药预处理15 d。末次给药1 h后,除正常对照组外其余4组采用10％CCl4 2.0 mL/kg一次性腹腔注射诱发小鼠急性肝损伤模型。6 h后摘眼球取血,断髓,取肝脏,计算各组小鼠肝指数,检测血清中谷氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性及总胆红素（TBIL）水平,检测肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性;HE染色观察肝脏病理学变化。结果：与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝质量、肝指数、血清ALT和AST活性及TBIL水平、肝组织MDA水平及NOS活性均显著升高（P<0.01）,肝组织GSH水平明显下降（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,SCP高剂量组小鼠肝脏质量和肝指数均明显降低（P<0.05）,SCP低、高剂量组及阳性药物组小鼠血清ALT、AST活性和MDA水平均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肝组织GSH水平明显升高（P<0.05）,SCP高剂量组小鼠血清TBIL水平和NOS活性均降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与阳性药物组比较,SCP低、高剂量组小鼠血清ALT和AST活性仍较高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。HE染色,模型组小鼠肝细胞体积增大,胞浆淡染,个别发生嗜酸性变性;SCP高剂量组肝细胞形态明显好转,肝细胞嗜酸性变性明显改善。结论：SCP对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化有关。     

白花丹水煎液对四氯化碳慢性肝损伤小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化的影响

目的：探讨白花丹水煎液对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致慢性肝损伤小鼠脂质过氧化的影响。方法：采用CCl4建立小鼠慢性肝损伤动物模型,连续6周经口给0．25、0．5、1.0g／kg 3种剂量的白花丹水煎液,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性、肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量,并测算肝指数（HI）。结果：3种剂量组均显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性,而肝匀浆SOD含量上升、MDA含量下降,与模型组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;与治疗组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：白花丹水煎液具有抑制CCl4所致小鼠慢性肝损伤组织脂质过氧化的作用。     

玉郎伞多糖对双氯芬酸致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及相关机制研究

目的：探讨玉郎伞多糖（Yulangsan polysaccharide,YLSPS）对双氯芬酸（Diclofenac,DICF）致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及相关机制研究。方法：把昆明种小鼠随机分为正常对照组（normal control,NC）,DICF损伤模型组,YLSPS高（YLSPSH,600 mg/kg）、YLSPS中（YLSPSM,300 mg/kg）、YLSPS低（YLSPSL,150 mg/kg）剂量组和联苯双酯阳性对照组（dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate,200 mg/kg DDB）,每组10只。YLSPS 高、中、低剂量组和联苯双酯组灌胃给予相应药物,正常对照组和模型组同法给予相等容积的生理盐水,每日1次,连续 14 d。末次给药后1 h,除正常组给予相等容量生理盐水腹腔注射外,其余各组小鼠同法给予DICF 50 mg/kg。造模后动物禁食20 h,取血及脏器检测肝功能指标碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）、谷丙转氨酶（ala－nine aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）及总胆红素（total bilirubin,TBIL）,检测肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione per－oxidase,GSH-Px）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）和过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）的水平及血清中白介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）水平,HE（Hematoxylin eosin）染色法观察各组小鼠肝细胞损伤程度。结果：与模型对照组比较,YLSPS能降低血清ALT、AST、ALP活性和TBIL含量以及肝组织MDA含量（P<0.05）,能降低血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平（P<0.05）,提高肝组织SOD、GSH-Px以及CAT活性 （P<0.05）。结论：YLSPS能够有效减轻肝细胞损伤程度,对DICF所致的小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用,机制可能与抗氧自由基及抑制脂质过氧化等作用有关。     

水飞蓟素脂质体对小鼠CCl4急性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究水飞蓟素脂质体（L-SIL）对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法：昆明种小鼠80只,随机分为空白组、CCl4急性肝损伤模型组及L-SIL低、中、高剂量组和益肝灵（T-SIL）低、中、高剂量组共8组,测量并比较各组小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平及肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）水平和丙二醛（MDA）含量,并观察各组小鼠肝组织病理学改变.结果：与CCl4急性肝损伤模型组相比,L-SIL各剂量组血清ALT、AST水平明显降低（P〈0.05～0.01）,L-SIL各剂量肝组织匀浆GSH-PX水平及L-SIL高剂量组SOD水平明显升高（P〈0.05～0.01）,并具有剂量依赖性,L-SIL高剂量组肝组织匀浆MDA含量明显降低（P〈0.01）.L-SIL对ALT、SOD、GSH-PX水平的作用优于相应剂量T-SIL组（P〈0.05～0.01）.组织学观察L-SIL中、大剂量组的肝损伤明显轻于模型组和相应剂量T-SIL组.结论：L-SIL对小鼠CCl4肝损伤有明显的保护作用,且其保护作用明显优于T-SIL.     

葡萄籽提取物对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究葡萄籽提取物（GSE）对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用，并探讨其可能的作用机制，为进一步研究GSE的保健功能奠定基础。方法：雄性昆明种小鼠60只，随机分为正常对照组、急性化学性肝损伤模型组、联苯双酯阳性对照组（150mg／kg）以及GSE低、中、高剂量组（50、250、500mg／kg）共6组。测定并比较各组小鼠肝脏和脾脏系数，采用赖氏法测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性，采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，采用硫代巴比妥酸法（TBA）测定肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量，并对各组进行比较，观察肝脏病理组织学变化。结果：GSE各剂量组均能升高急性化学性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性（P〈O．01），升高肝组织SOD活性（P〈O．01），降低MDA含量（P〈O．01），并能不同程度地改善肝脏病理组织损伤。结论：葡萄籽提取物对CCl4所致急性化学性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

狗肝菜多糖对抗结核药物致肝损伤的研究

目的研究狗肝菜多糖（DCP）对抗结核药物致肝损伤的保护作用及机制。方法将60只小鼠随机分为6组,即正常对照组、模型组、葡醛内酯组（剂量为200 mg／kg）及狗肝菜多糖高、中、低剂量组（剂量分别为600、400、200 mg／kg）。除正常对照组外,其他各组均灌胃异烟肼和利福平各100 mg／kg造模,同时给予治疗药物,每天1次。在实验的第30天,取血和肝组织,采用生物化学法检测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）以及微粒体一氧化氮（NO）生化指标;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）、白细胞介素－6（IL－6）含量;应用苏木精—伊红（HE）染色进行肝组织病理学检查。结果狗肝菜多糖可减轻抗结核药物引起的小鼠肝组织病理损害,减少炎性细胞,对肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、 AST、 AKP活性及肝组织中TNF－α、 IL－6、 NO含量具有抑制或降低作用（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论狗肝菜多糖对抗结核药物致肝损伤的保护作用可能与其介导的抗炎作用有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.