广州中山两地社区卫生服务人力资源配置调查分析

目的探讨广州市与中山市两地的社区卫生服务人力资源状况,为制定社区卫生服务相关政策提供科学依据。方法运用整群抽样的方法,调查广州市与中山市35家社区卫生服务机构的人力资源情况。结果被调查的社区卫生服务机构的人力资源配置基本满足居民卫生服务需求,平均每个社区卫生服务中心拥有卫生技术人员69．55人,医护比例为1：0．844;平均每个社区卫生服务站拥有卫生技术人员7．31人,医护比例为l：0．825;总体的医生护士学历、职称较低,平均每个社区卫生服务中心拥有全科医生0．55人,而平均每个社区卫生服务站拥有全科医生不足1人;广州市与中山市两地区社区卫生人力资源配置水平存在较大差异。结论加快全科医学人才培养,提高人力资源配置和利用效率,有利于本地区的社区卫生服务更快地发展。     

温州市社区卫生服务机构人力资源现状分析

目的：对温州市城市社区卫生服务机构现有人力资源进行调查,为社区构建合理的人才队伍提供科学的参考依据.方法：采用访谈法、问卷调查法、统计分析法等实证研究方法,对该市人口密度较大的10个社区卫生服务机构的319名社区卫生服务人员进行问卷调查.结果：温州市城市社区卫生服务机构存在人力资源配置缺少整体规划;专业技术人员的专业结构不合理（医护比例为2.67：1,未达到国家标准）;全职医生匮乏（每万人仅配备卫生技术人员0.89人）;专业技术人员学历层次和专业技术职称较低（学历结构,以大专为主,占50.7%;专业职称结构,以初级为主,占总量的79.6%）;专业技术人员流动性较大等问题.结论：相关管理部门应制定合理的人力资源配置规划,优化人员专业结构,完善激励机制,以加强社区卫生服务专业人才队伍建设工作的可持续发展.     

2009--2011年石河子市社区卫生服务机构人力资源现状及与其他地区比较

目的了解石河子市社区卫生服务机构人力资源现状,为合理配置社区人力资源提供依据。方法采用调查表收集2009—2011年石河子市社区卫生服务机构人力资源的数量、质量与结构（社会性区卫生服务中心9个,社区卫生服务站37个）;应用文献复习法获取东部、中部、西部全国重点联系城市及乌鲁木齐市社区卫生服务机构人力资源数据;多组人力资源构成比比较采用χ2检验;等级资料采用秩和检验。结果2009—2011年石河子市社区卫生服务机构在岗工作人员总数平均为583人,其中卫生技术人员505人,平均56．1人／中心,13．6人／站;2009年全科医师和护士岗位培训率分别为81．74％、65．49％,且2009—2011年社区护士岗位培训率增高（χ2=14．197,P=0．001）;医师中预防保健人员所占比例为7．33％,2009—2011年临床医师、护士数增加,预防保健人员数减少（χ2=7．004,P=0．136）;医护比为1：0．77,低于卫生部1：2的标准;医师的学历以本科和专科为主,护士以专科和中专为主,2009—2011年医生和护士中具有中专及以下学历比例均降低（χ2=25．778,P〈0．001;χ2=0．437,P=0．804）;医护人员的职称以初级和中级为主,且高级职称比例减少,初级职称比例增加（轷=140．128,P〈0．001;χ2=226．550,P〈0．001）。结论石河子市社区卫生服务机构人力资源已有=定数量规模,全科医师和护士岗位培训覆盖率较高,但医护比例不合理,人员学历、职称较低,预防保健人员数量少,政府部门应加强社区卫生人才队伍建设。     

兰州市社区卫生服务机构卫生人力现状及需求调查分析

目的了解兰州市社区卫生服务机构卫生人力现状及需求,为合理配置兰州市社区卫生人力资源提供科学依据,以满足社区居民日益增长的基本医疗需求。方法采用整群抽样法,抽取兰州市10所社区卫生服务机构,对其医疗卫生服务情况及人力现状进行问卷调查。结果被调查的87名卫生人员中,以35—44岁组人数最多,男女性别比为1：2．1。学历以大专为主,占40．2％;技术职称以助理为主,占29．9％。医技人员所占比重最低,为1．4％,医护比为1：0．5。兰州市社区卫生服务机构卫生人力现有量远不能满足近期需求。结论兰州市社区卫生服务机构卫生人力总体学历和职称层次偏低,专业结构有待调整,应按需求增加人力资源总量。建议适度加大兰州市社区卫生人力投入,通过区域性卫生人力规划,合理配置卫生人力资源。     

济南市社区卫生服务人力资源现状调查与分析

目的 了解济南市社区卫生服务人力资源配置现状。方法 采用问卷方式对济南市74个社区卫生服务中心(站)人力资源配置现状进行调查。结果 济南市社区卫生服务人力资源结构不尽合理，主要表现在：护理及防保人员的学历和职称层次偏低；医护比例不合适，医生比例偏大；性别差异较大，女性占多数；接受专业培训比例较低，护理人员仅占18．6％。结论 加强社区卫生服务的内涵建设，必须将人才建设摆在优先发展的地位。因此，建立一支数量适宜、结构合理的社区卫生服务队伍，是完善社区卫生服务功能的关键所在。     

青海省海东地区乡镇卫生院卫生人力资源现状调查

目的：了解青海省海东地区乡镇卫生院卫生人力资源现状,为合理配置乡镇卫生院卫生人力资源提供科学依据。方法：随机抽取海东地区乐都县、互助县、湟中县部分乡镇卫生院（卫生服务中心）在岗的卫生技术人员进行问卷调查。结果：三县被调查乡镇每千人拥有卫生人员数为0．63人,卫生技术人员中女性居多,男女性别比例为1：1．60;平均年龄为（35．16±13．82）岁;平均从事专业时间为17．63±9．75年;学历层次乐都县卫生技术人员拥有中专及以下学历者占多数,互助县和湟中县则是拥有大专学历者占多数,三县乡镇卫生院（卫生服务中心）卫生服务从业人员的职称以初级和无职称为主,均接近或超过60％,医护比为1：0．45。结论：海东地区乡镇卫生院卫生服务人员存在学历层次偏低、职称结构及医护比例不合理、全科医生和公共卫生人员严重短缺等问题,应加以解决。     

延边州卫生人力资源现状调查

目的：了解2010年延边州医疗机构卫生人力资源现状。方法：采用问卷调查的方法对延边州医疗机构卫生人员进行调查。结果：2010年延边州1815个医疗卫生机构,卫生人员14173人。卫生技术人员9710人,其中女性占69．5％,35岁以下的比例为38．6％;本科以上学历占35．2％;中级职称比例最大（36．1％）,高、中、初级职称比为1：2．18：1．52;每千人口卫生技术人员数4．27人,医护比为l：0．91。结论：卫生技术人员学历较高,技术职称分布不合理,医护比例失衡,全科医师紧缺,卫生技术人员按人口配置合理,地域分布公平性不合理。     

我院护理人力资源现状调查分析与对策

目的了解医院护理人员人力资源现状及使用情况,为建立科学、合理、有效的护理人力资源配置提供基础资料。方法对临床护理人员在规定时间内进行普查,调查规定时间内现住院病人数与护士在岗人数比进行描述性分析。结果注册护士为93人,见习护士4人。护士42人,占45．16％;护师20人,占21．51％;主管护师29人,占31．18％;副主任护师2人,占2．15％。中专学历46人,占49．46％;大专学历39人,占41．93％;本科学历8人,占8．60％。护士占卫生技术人员42．85％;医护比1：1．02;全院临床床护比为1：（0．25－0．65）,平均床护比1：0．47。护士占卫生技术人员比例、在岗护士床护比、医护比明显低于国家标准及海南省护理管理规范标准。结论护士数量短缺,高年资,高学历护理人员比例较小,学历结构总体偏低,护理质量的提高受到制约,护理风险系数加大。     

保定市城市社区卫生服务站人力资源现状调查

目的：通过对保定市社区卫生服务站人力资源状况调查,旨在了解其现状及存在问题,为卫生行政部门制定相应政策提供科学依据。方法随机抽取保定市社区卫生服务站40个,在参考文献的基础上自行设计关于社区卫生服务站人力资源问卷,对保定市社区卫生服务站人力资源状况进行调查。结果医护比例为1∶0.65;男性占24.70%,女性占75.30%;年龄主要集中在30～40岁,占39.51%;大专学历所占比例最高,为55.97%,大专以下所占比例达到22.41%,研究生学历只占1.24%;职称普遍偏低,医生以初级职称居多,西医、中医分别占48.57%、59.52%,护理也以初级职称占多数,为88.54%;科研成果很低,平均每人发表论文低于0.5篇;几乎全部人员认为有必要开展社区服务,并愿意加入到社区服务行列。结论保定市在职社区服务人员的医护比例严重失调,性别比例不合理,学历普遍偏低,职称结构不合理,科研水平较低。     

长春市社区卫生服务人力资源配置现状调查

目的：了解长春市社区卫生服务人力资源配置,为相关政府部门合理规划配置和制定卫生人力资源管理政策提供参考。方法：对长春市5个自然区内社区卫生服务中心（站）卫生人力资源配置进行普查。结果：长春市卫生人力资源密度医生为0．45,护士为0．291朝阳区医生为0．72,护士为0．43,二道区医生为O．14,护士为0．11;医护比为1．5：1。结论：长春市社区卫生服务发展迅速,但各区间卫生人力资源密度分布不均衡;卫生人员职称及护士学历偏低,缺少全科医护人员,医护比倒置。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.