后凸成形术治疗椎体后壁破裂的骨质疏松性脊柱骨折

目的:探讨应用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(kyphoplasty)治疗椎体后壁破裂的老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的可行性和疗效。方法:对9例椎体后壁破裂但无神经损伤的老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者,在C型臂X线机透视下,经皮双侧椎弓根穿刺建立工作通道,放置两枚可扩张球囊(balloon)于塌陷终板下方,扩张球囊抬升终板以恢复椎体高度,并在持续透视监控下注入骨水泥强化椎体。结果:9例患者均顺利完成手术,术后无脊髓神经根受损症状和体征,48h内患者背痛都明显缓解。X线片复查显示伤椎高度基本恢复,无骨水泥影超过椎体后缘,后凸Cobb角由术前的22.3°±4.7°矫正至术后的9.3°±5.1°。未发现并发症。结论:可应用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术有选择地对椎体后壁破裂的老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折进行治疗,近期疗效满意。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法采用单球囊双侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折8例17椎,均为新鲜骨折,腰背部疼痛剧烈,无神经症状及体征。术前CT显示椎体后壁均完整。MRI显示骨折椎体在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号。在X线C形臂透视下,采用经皮经椎弓根穿刺,在伤椎内先后植入同一枚球囊,扩张使椎体复位后,将含钡骨水泥注入椎体扩张所形成的空腔内。结果所有患者术后疼痛均明显缓解或消失。平均椎体前缘高度恢复50·2%±12·1%。平均灌注骨水泥5·8mL(4·5~7·6mL),1例椎体前缘发生骨水泥渗漏,未引起临床症状。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6~48个月,平均14·5个月,未发现与手术有关的并发症出现。结论单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折可以有效缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,疗效满意。     

骨质疏松性脊柱多发性骨折后凸成形术近期疗效分析

[目的]探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术（Kyphoplasty KP）治疗老年多发性骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的临床疗效。[方法]8例18椎老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者采用KP治疗,观察治疗后局部疼痛、椎体高度及后凸畸形改善情况。[结果]8例患者疼痛均在2～48h内明显缓解,伤椎高度基本恢复,后凸畸形大部矫正。术后无脊髓神经根受压表现。所有病人均取得随访6～18个月,平均10.6个月,无并发症发生。[结论]后凸成形术治疗老年多发性骨质疏松性脊柱骨折具有微创、止痛效果好、无明显并发症及早期下地活动等优点,但临床应用也有其局限性。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多节段骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折

目的探讨应用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗多节段老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的疗效和安全性。方法自2005年1月至2007年10月,采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折28例67个病椎,均经单侧椎弓根置入可扩张球囊使骨折塌陷椎体复位,然后使用骨水泥充填椎体,观察术后症状改善及骨折复位情况。结果28例手术均顺利,疼痛于术后24h内均明显缓解,术后无脊髓神经根受损表现,X射线片复查,显示病椎高度明显恢复,后凸畸形大部分矫正。结论经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多节段性老年骨质疏松脊柱骨折安全有效。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的疗效和安全性。方法自2003年1月~2004年10月采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(kyphoplasty)治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折18例19椎,均为新鲜骨折,腰背部疼痛剧烈,无神经症状和体征。在C型臂X线机透视下,采用经皮穿刺经两侧椎弓根在伤椎内置入2枚球囊扩张后使塌陷椎体复位后,将含钡骨水泥灌注入球囊扩张后所形成的空腔内。观察术后疼痛的改善程度,骨折复位情况及并发症。结果18例手术经过顺利,术后疼痛均有明显缓解或消失,术后24h均可下地活动,X线片示骨折后突畸形平均矫正14°(11°~17°),3例有少量骨水泥渗漏至椎体两侧,无临床症状;2例术后出现不全性肠梗阻,经非手术治疗而治愈,无其他严重并发症。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折具有创伤小、止痛效果好、安全性高,并能恢复脊柱的稳定性和正常序列。     

单双入路后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折比较

目的：探讨单入路与双入路球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折在疗效和安全性上的差异。方法：52例患者随机分为单入路组和双入路组。单入路组16例,经皮伤椎单侧入路穿刺建立工作通道,放置单枚球囊于伤椎内,行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术 双入路组36例,经皮伤椎双侧入路穿刺建立工作通道,在双侧分别放置球囊于伤椎内,行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术。结果：52例患者均未发现神经损伤等并发症,两组背痛缓解程度、脊柱后凸畸形矫正度、伤椎前缘高度恢复比较,差异无显著性（P〉0.05） 两组手术时间和透视次数比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：单入路与双入路椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折疗效相似,单入路较双入路能明显减少手术时间和放射暴露。     

经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年性骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的疗效。方法对15例(20个椎体)患者行经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术的治疗,分析患者术前术后的临床表现,X线术前术后的对比。结果具有创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少、恢复快、止痛效果好。结论经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗老年性骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的理想方法。     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的初步临床疗效

目的 探讨单侧通道球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床疗效.方法 自2004年11月-2007年12月,采用单侧通道球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折32例(38椎),观察症状改善及骨折复位情况.结果 手术均顺利完成.术后VAS评分及ODI指数较术前均有显著下降.术后椎体前缘高度和中部高度丢失较术前明显改善.结论 单侧通道球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折创伤小、操作安全、疗效满意.     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折

目的：探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形注入骨水泥治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效。方法：对52例老年骨质疏松性单椎体骨折患者采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗。在DSA透视引导下行单侧或双侧椎弓根穿刺,注入骨水泥。结果：发生骨水泥渗漏6例,术后1周腰背疼痛、后凸角度、伤椎高度、活动能力较术前明显改善（P〈0.05）,术后6个月、末次随访与术后1周,上述指标比较差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：球囊扩张椎体后凸成形注入骨水泥,不仅能够明显缓解骨质疏松性脊柱骨折导致的疼痛,而且可以部分恢复椎体高度和改善脊柱后凸畸形,有利于脊柱功能的恢复。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折

目的探讨用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折。方法共10例患者,男7例,女3例;年龄57~72岁,平均67岁;病变部位:T11 1例,T12 4例,L1 5例。在“C”型臂X线机引导下,采用经皮穿刺方法,经椎弓根将一中空管道置入伤椎以建立通道,将特制耐高压小球囊送入伤椎,用高压注射器向球囊内注入造影剂,球囊扩张将松质骨向四周挤压,使伤椎恢复高度并产生空腔,经“C”型臂X线机观察确认伤椎复位满意后记录球囊的压力及容量,抽出造影剂使球囊回缩至真空后取出。将同量含钡低黏度骨水泥注入由球囊扩张而产生的空腔内,通过“C”型臂X线机观察确认骨水泥充满空腔后完成手术。结果10例患者术后疼痛即刻消失,术后当天或次日即可下床活动。经X线检查确认压缩骨折的椎体高度基本恢复,后凸畸形平均矫正16°(12°~30°)。术后平均随访6个月,患者均恢复伤前生活方式,无疼痛,伤椎高度无丢失,无并发症发生。结论微创球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折安全有效的方法。     

Vertebral height restoration in osteoporotic compression fractures: kyphoplasty balloon tamp is superior to postural correction alone

Introduction Kyphoplasty has been shown to restore vertebral height and sagittal alignment. Proponents of vertebroplasty have recently demonstrated that many vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are mobile and positional correction can lead to clinically significant height restoration. The current investigation tested the hypothesis that positional maneuvers do not achieve the same degree of vertebral height correction as kyphoplasty balloon tamps for the reduction of low-energy VCFs.Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients with a total of 43 osteoporotic VCFs were entered into a prospective analysis. Each patient was sequentially evaluated for postural and balloon vertebral fracture reduction. Preoperative standing and lateral radiographs of the fractured vertebrae were compared with prone cross-table lateral radiographs with the patient in a hyper-extension position and on pelvic and sternal rolls. Following positional manipulation, patients underwent a unilateral balloon kyphoplasty. Postoperative standing radiographs were evaluated for the percentage of height restoration related to positioning and balloon kyphoplasty.Results In the middle portion of the vertebrae, the percentage available for restoration restored with extension positioning was 10.4% (median 11.1%) and after balloon kyphoplasty was 57.0% (median 62.2%). This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Thus, kyphoplasty provided an additional 46.6% of the height available for restoration from the positioning alone. With operative positioning, 51.2% of VCFs had >10% restoration of the central portion of the vertebral body, whereas 90.7% of fractures improved at least 10% following balloon kyphoplasty (p<0.002).Conclusion Although this study supports the concept that many VCFs can be moved with positioning, balloon kyphoplasty enhanced the height reduction >4.5-fold over the positioning maneuver alone and accounted for over 80% of the ultimate reduction. If height restoration is the goal, kyphoplasty is clearly superior in most cases to the positioning maneuver alone.     

Restoring geometric and loading alignment of the thoracic spine with a vertebral compression fracture: effects of balloon (bone tamp) inflation and spinal extension.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: In patients with osteoporosis, changes in spinal alignment after a vertebral compression fracture (VCF) are believed to increase the risk of fracture of the adjacent vertebrae. The alterations in spinal biomechanics as a result of osteoporotic VCF and the effects of deformity correction on the loads in the adjacent vertebral bodies are not fully understood. PURPOSE: To measure 1) the effect of thoracic VCFs on kyphosis (geometric alignment) and the shift of the physiologic compressive load path (loading alignment), 2) the effect of fracture reduction by balloon (bone tamp) inflation in restoring normal geometric and loading alignment and 3) the effect of spinal extension alone on fracture reduction and restoration of normal geometric and loading alignment. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A biomechanical study using six fresh human thoracic specimens, each consisting of three adjacent vertebrae with all soft tissues and bony structures intact. METHODS: In order to reliably create fracture, cancellous bone in the middle vertebral body was disrupted by inflation of bone tamps. After removal of the bone tamps, the specimen was compressed using bilateral loading cables until a fracture was observed with anterior vertebral body height loss of >/=25%. Fracture reduction was performed under a compressive preload of 250 N first under the application of extension moments, and then using inflatable bone tamps. The vertebral body heights, kyphotic deformity of the fractured vertebra and adjacent segments and location of compressive load (cable) path in the fractured and adjacent vertebral bodies were measured on video-fluoroscopic images. RESULTS: The VCF caused anterior wall height loss of 37+/-15%, middle-height loss of 34+/-16%, segmental kyphosis increase of 14+/-7.0 degrees and vertebral kyphosis increase of 13+/-5.5 degrees (p<.05). The compressive load path shifted anteriorly by about 20% of anteroposterior end plate width in the fractured and adjacent vertebrae (p=.008). Bone tamp inflation restored the anterior wall height to 91+/-8.9%, middle-height to 91+/-14% and segmental kyphosis to within 5.6+/-5.9 degrees of prefracture values. The compressive load path returned posteriorly relative to the postfracture location in all three vertebrae (p=.004): the load path remained anterior to the prefracture location by about 9% to 11% of the anteroposterior end plate width. With application of extension moment (6.3+/-2.2 Nm) until segmental kyphosis and compressive load path were fully restored, anterior vertebral body heights were improved to 85+/-8.6% of prefracture values. However, the middle vertebral body height was not restored and vertebral kyphotic deformity remained significantly larger than the prefracture values (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior shift of the compressive load path in vertebral bodies adjacent to VCF can induce additional flexion moments on these vertebrae. This eccentric loading may contribute to the increased risk of new fractures in osteoporotic vertebrae adjacent to an uncorrected VCF deformity. Bone tamp inflation under a physiologic preload significantly reduced the VCF deformity (anterior and middle vertebral body heights, segmental and vertebral kyphosis) and returned the compressive load path posteriorly, approaching the prefracture alignment. Application of extension moments also was effective in restoring the prefracture geometric and loading alignment of adjacent segments, but the middle height of the fractured vertebra and vertebral kyphotic deformity were not restored with spinal extension alone.     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的:探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法:2006年6月至2009年8月采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗26例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,男10例,女16例;年龄59～78岁,平均70岁.T114椎、T1210椎、L112椎、L23椎、L41椎.观察椎体高度恢复、患者疼痛视觉模拟评分及并发症情况.结果:本组26例术后疼痛均得到有效控制,VAS评分由术前的平均(8.6±0.2)分下降为(2.0±0.3)分;手术前后椎体前缘高度分别为(18.34±3.25) mm和(20.51±1.34) mm(P＜0.05),中线高度分别为(14.36±2.56) mm和(19.66±1.28) mm(P＜0.05).未发生骨水泥渗漏到椎管现象.结论:球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折可有效恢复椎体的高度,缓解疼痛,改善患者的脊柱功能.     

Initial outcome and efficacy of "kyphoplasty" in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

STUDY DESIGN: An Institutional Review Board-approved Phase I efficacy study of inflatable bone tamp usage in the treatment of symptomatic osteoporotic compression fractures. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of inflatable bone tamp reduction and cement augmentation, "kyphoplasty," in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Osteoporotic compression fractures can result in progressive kyphosis and chronic pain. Traditional treatment for these patients includes bed rest, analgesics, and bracing. Augmentation of vertebral compression fractures with polymethylmethacrylate, "vertebroplasty," has been used to treat pain. This technique, however, makes no attempt to restore the height of the collapsed vertebral body. Kyphoplasty is a new technique that involves the introduction of inflatable bone tamps into the vertebral body. Once inflated, the bone tamps restore the vertebral body back toward its original height while creating a cavity that can be filled with bone cement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy consecutive kyphoplasty procedures were performed in 30 patients. The indications included painful primary or secondary osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Mean duration of symptoms was 5.9 months. Symptomatic levels were identified by correlating the clinical data with MRI findings. Perioperative variables and bone tamp complications or issues were recorded and analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were compared to calculate the percentage height restored. Outcome data were obtained by comparing preoperative and latest postoperative SF-36 data. RESULTS: At the completion of the Phase I study there were no major complications related directly to use of this technique or use of the inflatable bone tamp. In 70% of the vertebral bodies kyphoplasty restored 47% of the lost height. Cement leakage occurred at six levels (8.6%).SF-36 scores for Bodily Pain 11.6-58.7, (P = 0.0001) and Physical Function 11.7-47.4, (P = 0.002) were among those that showed significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The inflatable bone tamp was efficacious in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Kyphoplasty is associated with early clinical improvement of pain and function as well as restoration of vertebral body height in the treatment of painful osteoporotic compression fractures.     

老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的经皮椎体后凸成形术

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的手术技术及适应证等相关问题。方法用椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折20例,采用经皮穿刺双侧椎弓根入路,单枚球囊依次撑开压缩的椎体,每个椎体充填骨水泥平均5·2ml。结果20例患者腰背部疼痛在术后24h缓解并下床活动,椎体高度基本恢复,后凸畸形平均矫正18°。随访6~18个月,患者均恢复伤前生活状况,无脊髓神经损伤、骨水泥漏、肺栓塞等并发症。结论椎体后凸成形术能达到缓解疼痛、恢复椎体高度的目的,是治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的有效方法。但必须熟练掌握椎体后凸成形术的经皮穿刺技术、骨水泥灌注技术及掌握手术适应证,才能保证这一技术的安全性和有效性。     

过伸位下经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年人胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨脊柱过伸位辅助复位后,行球囊扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）治疗老年人胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法椎管麻醉下脊柱过伸位在C型臂X线机引导下行PKP治疗25例（30个椎体）合并骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者,并对术前、术后患者的症状和椎体高度进行评估。结果所有患者术后疼痛症状明显减轻甚至消失。椎体高度明显恢复,和术前相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。未发生明显或严重并发症。结论过伸位下PKP治疗老年人合并骨质疏松的椎体压缩性骨折是一种创伤小、较安全、疗效确切的方法。     

球囊扩张椎体成形术联合降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效

目的回顾性分析球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术联合降钙素治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效。方法 2007年2月～2010年1月,对25例35个椎体发生骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术联合降钙素综合治疗。术中在透视机监视下采用单侧椎弓根穿刺,置入1枚可扩张球囊使骨折塌陷椎体复位,灌注骨水泥充填由球囊扩张所形成的椎体内空腔。术后每天静脉注射鲑鱼降钙素,通过观察患者术后症状改善及骨折复位情况来评估其疗效。结果所有患者随访6～32个月,平均（21.3±0.2）个月。全部患者均顺利完成手术,无症状性并发症发生。术后疼痛明显减轻或消失。术后椎体高度平均恢复率59.5%。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折可有效缓解疼痛、改善功能及恢复脊柱序列,联合降钙素的应用能有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的较好微创方法之一。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体骨质疏松性骨折的复位效果观察

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗椎体骨质疏松性骨折的复位效果。方法 2004年6月～2009年2月采用PKP治疗椎体骨质疏松性骨折108例,其中多椎体骨折30例,骨折累及椎体后壁24例。局麻下扩张146个椎体,每椎注射2.5～6.5 mL,平均4.6 mL。根据术前、术后和末次随访X线片测量椎体高度和Cobb角恢复情况。结果患者术后平均随访24个月。球囊扩张程度明显大于椎体高度复位程度,术后伤椎前缘高度平均恢复2.7 mm(33.4%),伤椎中部高度平均恢复2.8 mm(丢失高度的37.8%),Cobb角平均矫正3.3°,单侧与双侧扩张无显著性差异;疼痛改善程度与复位无相关性。结论 PKP球囊在骨质疏松骨折椎体内扩张会使骨小梁压缩骨折,一般仅能使伤椎部分复位,复位程度与近期止痛效果无相关性。     

Efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty in treating osteoporotic multithoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures

Percutaneous kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive technique that has become an effective and routine alternative for managing osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. This article reports the clinical outcome of a series of 54 cases of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebrae compression fractures treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty. Fifty-four patients with confirmed osteoporosis and at least 1 level of thoracolumbar vertebrae compression fracture were retrospectively selected. Pre- and postoperative and last follow-up clinical evaluation and radiological data were analyzed, including change of visual analog scale (VAS), reduced use of painkillers, locomotor activity, Cobb's angle, and average vertebral body height. Mean follow-up was 20.4 months (range, 6-36 months). In all cases, percutaneous kyphoplasty treatment was successful, significantly increasing vertebral body height, diminishing kyphosis in the fractured vertebrae, and decreasing painkiller use. In all patients, percutaneous kyphoplasty partially or completely relieved back pain. No new deformity was found within the follow-up period, nor were any other complications. The cement leakage rate was 3.86% (8 of 207 vertebrae) with percutaneous kyphoplasty, but no neurological or other complaints were received. Percutaneous kyphoplasty is a simple and safe procedure in managing osteoporotic vertebrae compression fractures. It relieves pain quickly, restores vertebral height, prevents further fracture, and improves patient quality of life.