产ESBLs大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌医院感染及耐药性分析

目的 探讨产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布及耐药性特征,为临床合理选用抗菌药物及预防与控制医院感染提供依据.方法 严格按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分离、鉴定;采用K-B法进行药敏试验,依据CLSI最新折点判读结果.结果 从132株阳性标本中检出产ESBLs菌33株,总检出率25.00％,其中产ESBLs大肠埃希菌27株、肺炎克雷伯菌6株,检出率分别为39.71％和9.38％,未检出泛耐药产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌;检出率居首位的为痰液标本,占24.24％;产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对临床常用抗菌药物均产生了严重耐药性,对亚胺培南和美罗培南高度敏感.结论 肿瘤患者大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs的检出率有明显增高趋势,应动态监测耐药性变迁,临床治疗中严格掌握抗菌药物应用指征,落实相关医院感染预防与控制措施,防止产ESBLs菌医院感染的暴发流行.     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌2013-2015年耐药谱动态分析

目的分析2013-2015年医院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性变迁情况,旨在合理制定医院感染抗菌治疗方案。方法选取医院2013年1月-2015年12月诊治的感染性疾病患者标本,分析各类标本中产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检出情况,分析病原菌耐药性,同时对所得数据行统计比较。结果 2013年-2015年产ESBLs大肠埃希菌株检出率依次是7.92%、9.30%、8.77%,肺炎克雷伯菌检出率依次是21.31%、20.57%、20.17%,各年份产ESBLs大肠埃希菌株和肺炎克雷伯菌检出率,无显著性差异;产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对头孢菌素、青霉素类耐药性最高,2014年头孢吡肟耐药率为100.00%,对替加环素、美罗培南、亚胺培南耐药性较低,其中替加环素为0%,且2015年产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对米诺环素、头孢噻肟耐药率显著高于2014年水平(P<0.05);2013年-2015年肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高,对哌拉西林、环丙沙星、头孢类药物耐药率不断升高,肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率低。结论产ESBLs大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌均为感染性疾病的主要致病菌,二者对常见抗菌药物均有较高耐药性,且随着年代更替,其耐药谱有一定变迁。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌2013-2015年耐药谱动态分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析2013-2015年医院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性变迁情况,旨在合理制定医院感染抗菌治疗方案。方法选取医院2013年1月-2015年12月诊治的感染性疾病患者标本,分析各类标本中产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检出情况,分析病原菌耐药性,同时对所得数据行统计比较。结果 2013年-2015年产ESBLs大肠埃希菌株检出率依次是7.92%、9.30%、8.77%,肺炎克雷伯菌检出率依次是21.31%、20.57%、20.17%,各年份产ESBLs大肠埃希菌株和肺炎克雷伯菌检出率,无显著性差异;产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对头孢菌素、青霉素类耐药性最高,2014年头孢吡肟耐药率为100.00%,对替加环素、美罗培南、亚胺培南耐药性较低,其中替加环素为0%,且2015年产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对米诺环素、头孢噻肟耐药率显著高于2014年水平(P<0.05);2013年-2015年肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高,对哌拉西林、环丙沙星、头孢类药物耐药率不断升高,肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率低。结论产ESBLs大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌均为感染性疾病的主要致病菌,二者对常见抗菌药物均有较高耐药性,且随着年代更替,其耐药谱有一定变迁。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性分析

目的了解铜仁地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性,为临床用药提供依据。方法双纸片协同试验及纸片扩散确证试验检测ESBLs,根据NCCLS 2005年判断标准分析结果。结果从790株阳性标本中检出产ESBLs菌株275株,总检出率为34.8%,其中大肠埃希菌产ESBLs 177株,肺炎克雷伯菌98株,检出率分别为22.4%和12.4%;产酶菌株对头孢菌素耐药率明显高于非产酶株,产ESBLs细菌对青霉素类和头孢类抗菌药物大多耐药,而对亚胺培南与美罗培南敏感性好。结论 ESBLs产酶株对多种抗菌药物耐药,仅对亚胺培南与美罗培南敏感,及时监测产ESBLs的发生率及其耐药趋势,指导临床用药至关重要。     

大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌烧伤创面分离株的耐药性分析

目的 了解烧伤创面大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染株的耐药性.方法 药敏试验采用K-B法,ESBLs检测采用纸片协同确证法.结果 158株大肠埃希菌共检出产ESBLs菌51株,检出率为32.3％;53株肺炎克雷伯菌共检出产ESBLs菌21株,检出率为39.6％大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的药敏结果相仿,对氨苄西林和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶耐药率高达75.3％～83.0％,喹诺酮类药物耐药率为41.5％～47.2％,三代头孢耐药率为39.9％～50.9％;未发现亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药株,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率处较低水平;产酶株的耐药率高于非产酶株.结论 烧伤创面感染的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率严重,临床应提高标本送检率,根据细菌培养、药敏试验和ESBLs检测的结果,合理选用或调整治疗用药,控制耐药菌的产生和播散.     

某县级医院大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性差异

分析某院临床标本分离的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药特点,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对该院2010—2012年临床送检痰液、血液与胸腹腔积液标本分离的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌资料进行统计分析。结果 3年分离大肠埃希菌359株,其中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株175株,占48.75%;分离肺炎克雷伯菌296株,其中产ESBLs菌116株,占39.19%。产ESBLs菌株对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率（2.29%~3.45%）低,对头孢替坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦耐药率（4.31%~8.57%）也较低,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均较高。产ESBLs菌株的耐药率高于非产ESBLs菌株。结论大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对多种抗菌药物具有较高的耐药性。ESBLs检出率,大肠埃希菌高于肺炎克雷伯菌。临床治疗该类菌感染时应根据药敏结果与ESBLs检测结果合理选择抗菌药物。     

ICU产ESBLs大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌感染的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解本地区ICU分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床抗菌药物的合理使用提供依据。方法采用K-B纸片扩散法,检测2013年-2015年ICU感染类标本分离的无重复的778株大肠埃希菌和570株肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药情况,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 2013年-2015临床标本中产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别为52.96%和44.74%,ICU产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率为0.00%~30.34%。产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率为0.00%~23.53%。ICU产ESBLs菌株耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌株,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ICU产ESBLs大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌对各类抗菌药物呈现不同程度耐药,并具多药耐药特点,碳青霉烯类仍是最敏感的药物;应加强产ESBLs菌株的监测及耐药性分析,以指导临床合理应用抗菌药物,对控制产ESBLs菌株的播散以及耐药基因的传播具有重要意义。     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的分布及耐药性分析 FREE

目的了解某院大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β 内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的分布及耐药特点。方法对该院2007年10月-2008年9月各科送检标本分离的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,采用双纸片扩散法进行ESBLs确证试验,K B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果分离出大肠埃希菌766株,其中产ESBLs株443株（57.83%）;肺炎克雷伯菌632株,产ESBLs株355株（56.17%）。产酶菌株主要分离自痰（557株,69.80%）、尿（149株,18.67%）等标本。产ESBLs菌对亚胺培南/西司他丁、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感性高,对第一～三代头孢菌素类几乎全部耐药,对喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类等存在交叉耐药。结论产ESBLs菌感染严重,以下呼吸道感染最多,其次为泌尿道感染;耐药率较高,亚胺培南/西司他丁、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦对其保持较高的抗菌活性。     

2006-2009年重症监护病房医院感染大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性分析

目的探讨医院重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌现状及耐药特点,为预防和控制ICU的医院感染提供依据。方法收集ICU 2006年1月-2009年12月医院感染大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌菌株,使用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果 2006-2009年ICU共检出大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌409株,其中大肠埃希菌233株,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌61株,占26.2%,肺炎克雷伯菌176株,产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌38株,占21.6%;大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类美罗培南与亚胺培南的耐药率在所测14种抗菌药物中最低。结论经验性使用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物治疗ICU的医院感染是可行的。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌的检测及耐药性分析

目的 了解医院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药特点,以指导临床用药.方法 用纸片扩散法做药敏试验,按NCCLS(1999年)标准进行确证试验来检测确认ESBLs.结果 医院产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌从2005年的28.6%和29.2%上升为2007年的48.5%和49.2%;产ESBLs菌株对一、二、三代头孢菌素、青霉素类、氨曲南高度耐药,对亚胺培南全部敏感.结论 肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的产ESBLs发生率逐年上升,亚胺培南是治疗产ESBLs菌株的首选药物.     

医疗服务操作分类与编码的设计与应用简

医疗服务操作分类与编码是医学信息标准化的重要组成部分,是临床数据提取、分析和应用的基础。世界卫生组织及世界多国一直致力于开发、更新和维护此分类与编码。我国此前一直沿袭美国准备在2014年停止使用的ICD-9-CM-3（卷3）,中国需要结合国际主流设计思路,根据国情开发出适宜的多轴、一体化的医疗服务操作分类与编码体系。     

环境中双酚A的污染及降解去除的研究进展

近10年来随着科学与社会的发展,环境雌激素污染日益引起人们的关注。双酚A是环境雌激素的一种,用途广泛,但具有多方面的毒性。对其毒理、污染及降解去除的研究已经成为国际上的研究热点。该文拟对上述几方面的研究进展情况作一简要介绍。     

黄体功能不健的调控机理

主要就引起卵巢黄体功能不健的因素 ,分别从激素调节、细胞因子 (VEGF、TNF α、BFGF、IFN γ、IGF)、C myc、Fas、SGP 2基因调控以及细胞连接、细胞粘附分子、NO等对卵巢功能的调节及对黄体细胞的凋亡影响进行阐述 ,认为卵泡发育不良、颗粒细胞、黄体细胞的凋亡与黄体功能不足有密切的关系。且多种细胞因子、基因表达产物参与此过程的调控。深入的研究这一调控机制 ,对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、卵泡闭锁及黄体细胞凋亡的内在机制有重要意义     

HIS与PACS软件融合方案的设计与实现

目的：实现PACS与HIS的系统集成。方法：使用Powerbuilder设计电子申请系统，利用Oracle存储过程实现不同系统间的数据同步。结果：完成了第四军医大学西京医院的PACS／HIS软件融合，经临床应用，反应良好。结论：系统集成应根据医院需求，由信息科牵头，多方论证，遵循高可用性、低耦合度的原则，在保证软件实用、流程合理的前提下，应最大限度地压缩新旧流程的共存时间。     

Intake of dietary phytoestrogen and indices of antioxidant and bone metabolism of pre- and post-menopausal Korean women

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and α- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.     

Reliability and validity of indices of hand-grip strength and endurance

Background/aim: Grip strength is useful in clinical practice for the assessment of disease and/or rehabilitation progression. Brief maximal gripping is seldom required in everyday occupations, with repeated or sustained gripping at sub‐maximal power more commonly involved. It has been proposed that assessment of both maximal hand‐grip force and endurance is utilised. While the suitability of maximal contraction measures has been clearly established, the reliability and validity of other hand‐grip indices have not been investigated. This study examined the reliability of various hand‐grip indices and their validity in relation to distance walked during the six‐minute walk test, a standardised exercise capacity test. Methods: Subjects undertook static sub‐maximal (50%) and maximal force contraction hand‐grip testing from which various indices were derived, and six‐minute walk testing from which distance walked was determined. Testing was repeated on three separate occasions for determination of test–retest reliability. Results: Pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction measurements demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and validity. Conversely, other hand‐grip indices were shown to be unreliable and exhibited no relationship with distance walked and hence concurrent validity could not be established. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction may be utilised for the assessment of client ability and progression due to their established validity and test–retest reliability. However, previously proposed measures of fatigue such as endurance (duration of sustained contraction), Strength Decrement Index and work performed (function of endurance and force of contraction) are unreliable and invalid and may have limited use in clinical practice.     

疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置及缺口研究

目的明确2002～2005年疾病预防控制机构设备资产配置变化情况。方法全国系统抽样调查省市县各级疾病预防控制机构的各类设备配置种类和数量,计算设备资产,和标准比较得到缺口。结果疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置明显增加,但缺口仍然很大,就A类设备缺口达到50·2亿。     

依布哂啉纯度、杂质检测及安全性实验

目的 检测合成的依布哂啉(Ebselen Ebs)的纯度、杂质并进行急性毒性实验。方法 Ebs测定采用自建立的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)，杂质(苯胺)采用比色法，急性毒性试验采用成年大鼠1次性灌胃，观察24h内死亡率。结果 Ebs纯度为99.95％～99．99％，苯胺含量为0．00017％～0．00019％，大鼠1次经口的LD50为2355．05mg／kg。结论 Ebs质量可靠，安全性高，可供开发研究。     

Evaluation of impact of temperature and pH alterations on the size and antigenicity of meningococcal serogroup A and X polysaccharides and conjugates

The changes in the recommended storage conditions of the glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Men) serogroup A and serogroup X can affect its activity or potency. Elevated temperature and the change in pH may result in the physical instability leading to the size degradation of the polysaccharide (PS) and subsequent loss of PS epitopes. Moreover, high temperature may also result in protein aggregation and altered tertiary structure of the protein in the conjugate. Consequently, the construction of a potent glycoconjugate is dependent on optimal temperature and pH. The changes in both these conditions can also affect the production of a capsular polysaccharide (PS) and its conjugation to a protein carrier and may also affect the integrity of the vaccine molecule including the maintenance of the protective epitopes. In our study we have used inhibition ELISA as a tool to assess the impact of temperature and pH alterations on the antigenicity of N. meningitidis serogroup A and X, PS and conjugates and their correlation with the size distribution analysis using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. The studies on pH alterations from 5 to 9 led to minimal impact on size and antigenicity of all antigens, however, an elevated temperature adversely impacted the antigen size as well as antigenicity to varying extent. Results indicate the higher stability of MenX PS and conjugate as compared to that for MenA counterparts at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, both the MenA and MenX conjugates appears to be more stable as compared to the corresponding PSs.