桑皮苷A对照品的制备研究

目的 研究从桑白皮中制备桑皮苷A对照品的制备方法.方法 结合大孔树脂吸附、硅胶柱色谱和凝胶柱色谱对桑白皮提取物进行分离、纯化,利用TLC和HPLC-ELSD对分离产物进行质量分数检测,并通过各种波谱手段等对其进行结构确证.结果 从桑白皮中分离、纯化出桑皮苷A对照品,质量分数>98.5%.结论 该方法制备出的桑皮苷A对照品符合中药化学对照品的相关要求,可作为桑白皮药材和含桑白皮成药质量控制,以及中药药效物质基础研究用的化学对照品.     

从骨碎补中制备新北美圣草苷和柚皮苷对照品的研究

目的 建立从骨碎补中制备新北美圣草苷和柚皮苷对照品的方法.方法 结合大孔树脂富集、硅胶柱色谱、中性氧化铝吸附、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和重结晶方法对骨碎补乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过MS、IR、UV、1H-NMR和13C-NMR进行结构鉴定.结果 制备得到的新北美圣草苷和柚皮苷质量分数分别为99.5 %、99.3%.结论 建立的制备方法简单,对照品质量分数高,可作为骨碎补药效物质基础研究和骨碎补药材质量控制的对照品.     

骆驼刺中异鼠李素-3-O-β-D芸香糖苷对照品的制备研究

目的建立骆驼刺中异鼠李素-3-O-β-D芸香糖苷对照品的制备分离方法。方法取骆驼刺药材醇提浸膏的正丁醇萃取部分,用硅胶柱色谱分离,依次用氯仿-甲醇（90：10～70：30）、氯仿-甲醇-水（70：30：10～60：40：10）梯度洗脱,收集异鼠李素-3-O-β-D芸香糖苷富集流份,继续采用凝胶柱色谱及制备HPLC进行分离纯化,通过NMR、MS等波谱方法鉴定化合物结构,经TLC、HPLC等技术进行质量分数检测。结果从骆驼刺中制备分离的异鼠李素-3-O-β-D芸香糖苷对照品,质量分数〉99％。结论本法得到的异鼠李素-3-O-β-D芸香糖苷对照品符合中药化学对照品的相关技术要求,为骆驼刺药材和的骆驼刺成方制剂的质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供化学对照品。     

山茱萸中马钱苷和莫诺苷对照品的制备

目的研究从山茱萸中制备马钱苷和莫诺苷对照品的方法。方法结合大孔树脂富集、硅胶柱色谱、制备HPLC法对山茱萸水提醇沉提取物进行分离纯化,通过UV、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS波谱学方法对其分离产物进行结构鉴定。结果所得马钱苷和莫诺苷用归一化法定量,质量分数均大于98%。结论本法简便,制备成本低,所得马钱苷和莫诺苷可作为中药定性、定量分析使用的对照品。     

甘草中甘草苷、异甘草苷对照品的制备及鉴定

目的:研究中药甘草中甘草苷、异甘草苷对照品的制备方法.方法:采用大孔吸附树脂、聚酰胺色谱、凝胶色谱、制备色谱等方法分离制备对照品,采用波谱方法对其进行结构鉴定.结果:从甘草中分离出甘草苷、异甘草苷对照品.结论:该对照品可作为控制甘草总黄酮制剂质量的指标成分.     

竹茹中苜蓿素对照品的高效液相半制备色谱制备研究

目的 建立高效液相半制备色谱制备竹茹中苜蓿素对照品的方法。方法 竹茹用50%乙醇提取,浓缩成浸膏,随后上聚酰胺柱色谱,采用70%乙醇柱色谱洗脱物进行HPLC分离制备。半制备色谱条件：色谱柱为Luna C₁₈ ODS（250 mm×10 mm,10 μm）,流动相为乙腈-1%甲酸水溶液（35∶65）;体积流量4 mL/min;进样量1 mL;检测波长345 nm。结果 该法所得化合物用HPLC归一化法定量,质量分数大于98%,根据波谱学数据鉴定化合物为苜蓿素。结论 建立的方法简便,所得苜蓿素纯度高,可作为分析方法的对照品。     

中低压制备色谱从枳实中制备柚皮苷与新橙皮苷对照品的研究

目的 建立从枳实中分离制备柚皮苷和新橙皮苷对照品的方法。方法 结合大孔树脂、中低压制备色谱分离制备枳实中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷单体。结果 分离制备的柚皮苷的质量分数达98.76%,新橙皮苷的质量分数达99.50%。结论 该方法可有效制备高纯度的柚皮苷和新橙皮苷,可用于制备中药定性、定量分析使用的对照品。     

不同产地广金钱草药材质量研究

目的对不同产地广金钱草质量进行研究。方法采用薄层色谱法,以异牡荆苷及邻羟基苯甲酸为对照品,石油醚（60~90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（体积比3∶1∶0.2）及甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（体积比1∶8∶1）为展开剂,对不同产地的广金钱草及其混淆品进行对比研究;分别采用柱色谱-紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、紫外-可见分光光度法测定不同产地广金钱草药材中总黄酮、异牡荆苷、总多糖的含量。结果广东阳春产和广东化州产广金钱草薄层色谱与其他产地所产的广金钱草差异较大,广金钱草与其混淆品的薄层色谱差异很大;各地广金钱草异牡荆苷的含量在0.1~0.8 mg.g-1范围内,总黄酮含量在1%~3%范围内,总多糖的含量在2%~6%范围内。结论该薄层色谱法可用于广金钱草的鉴别,大部分产地的广金钱草药材各成分含量有显著性差异。     

知母皂苷BⅡ对照品的快速制备研究

目的 从知母药材中快速分离制备知母皂苷BⅡ对照品。方法 知母药材粗粉用80%乙醇提取，经大孔树脂D-101柱吸附，以30%乙醇洗脱，得到知母总皂苷。用制备RP-HPLC对总皂苷进行分离纯化，采用柱后分流，ELSD同时检测，收集含高质量分数知母皂苷BⅡ的组分。结果 制备产品经化学方法和¹³C-NMR鉴定； HPLC-ELSD检测，质量分数大于99%。结论 该制备方法简单，重复性好，效率较高，所得化合物质量分数高，可用于知母皂苷BⅡ对照品的制备。     

杏花药材质量控制

目的 建立杏花药材的质量控制方法。方法 以绿原酸、芦丁为对照品,建立薄层色谱以鉴别药材。采用紫外波长转换检测的高效液相色谱法同时测定药材中阿魏酸、芦丁及异槲皮苷的含量,色谱柱为YMC-Pack ODS-A C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（125∶105∶770）;阿魏酸的检测波长为322 nm（0～25 min）,芦丁与异槲皮苷的检测波长为255 nm（25～70 min）;流速：1.0 mL/min;柱温：30 ℃。结果 薄层色谱中斑点清晰;阿魏酸、芦丁及异槲皮苷分别在1.452 2～14.521 7 μg/mL（r=0.998 9）、27.366 7～273.666 8 μg/mL（r=0.997 2）、1.649 9～16.499 0 μg/mL（r=0.999 6）范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为99.86%、99.70%、100.03%;RSD分别为0.9%、0.8%、1.2%。结论 所用方法准确、稳定、可行,可用于杏花药材的质量控制。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.