长柄型假体用于人工髋关节置换术后无菌性松动翻修12例治疗效果分析

目的 分析人工髋关节无菌性松动应用长柄型假体进行翻修的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年4月间12例人工髋关节无菌性松动患者应用长柄型假体翻修的临床资料.通过观察术前、术后髋关节Harris评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分变化,评估长柄型假体应用于人工髋关节无菌性松动翻修效果.结果 本组12例患者均获得术后随访,统计术后1周、3个月、1年Harris评分及VAS评分.与翻修手术前相比,Harris评分呈升高趋势,VAS评分呈下降趋势,评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长柄型假体可以成为髋关节假体无菌性松动翻修选择之一,能满足翻修手术要求,远期效果有待进一步观察.     

膝关节肿瘤型假体非感染性失败骨水泥固定翻修术的疗效

目的探讨非感染因素导致的膝关节肿瘤型假体失败病例进行骨水泥固定翻修的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2002年2月至2020年8月北京大学人民医院骨与软组织肿瘤治疗中心128例膝关节肿瘤型假体失败接受骨水泥固定翻修手术患者的临床资料, 男71例、女57例, 年龄(33.5±15.4)岁(范围8～77岁)。128例患者中骨肉瘤73例、骨巨细胞瘤38例、未分化肉瘤8例、软骨肉瘤4例、Ewing肉瘤2例、纤维肉瘤2例、滑膜肉瘤1例。假体翻修部位:股骨远端假体105例、胫骨近端假体23例。翻修原因:无菌性松动64例、假体部件损坏47例、肿瘤复发17例。经初次骨水泥固定翻修术后失败19例, 其中16例接受了二次骨水泥固定翻修术。主要观察指标为假体生存情况、手术时间、术中出血量、流行病学数据、手术相关并发症及美国肌肉骨骼肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, MSTS)93膝关节功能评分等。结果 128例初次骨水泥固定翻修患者的随访时间为(127±33)个月(范围6～326个月)。初次翻修手术后发生并发症25例(19.5%), 其中导致假体寿命终结19例(14.8%), 包...     

全髋关节股骨侧假体翻修术

目的 报道采用现代骨水泥和非骨水泥技术行全髋关节股骨侧假体翻修手术 26例的疗效。方法 翻修原因 :全髋关节股骨侧假体松动 23例 ,松动伴假体柄端股骨骨折 3例。翻修采用现代骨水泥技术固定者 10例 ,采用长柄股骨侧假体加自体植骨的非骨水泥固定者 16例。结果 骨水泥翻修组 ,平均随访 6年 ,优良 5例 (50％ ),尚可 3例 (30％ ),差 2例 (20％ )。其中再翻修 1例 (10％ );X线表现 :肯定松动 2例 (20％ ),很可能松动 1例 (10％ ),可能松动 5例 (50％ ),无松动 2例 (20％ ),多数患者早期即表现骨水泥－骨界面的广泛 X线透亮带、骨皮质进行性变薄和疏松等征象。非骨水泥翻修组 ,平均随访 5年 ,优 9例 (56％ ),良 6例 (38％ ),尚可 1例 (6％ ),无一例再翻修 ;X线表现 :骨性固定 12例 ,纤维性稳定 4例 ,无一例松动 ,骨皮质密度和厚度均显著增加。结论 非骨水泥翻修术的疗效显著优于骨水泥翻修术 ,自体植骨修复结构性骨缺损并采用长柄多孔表涂假体获得初始稳定 ,是其获得满意疗效的关键。     

骨水泥填充修复骨缺损在翻修髋臼假体内侧移位松动中的疗效

目的探讨骨水泥填充修复骨缺损结合骨水泥髋臼假体在翻修髋臼假体内侧移位松动中的临床疗效。方法 2006年4月~2011年3月收治16例髋臼假体内侧移位松动患者,均采用骨水泥填充修复骨缺损结合骨水泥聚乙烯髋臼假体翻修松动的髋臼假体,对伴有股骨假体松动的患者,根据患者的骨质情况和骨缺损情况选择骨水泥翻修长柄假体(9例)、非骨水泥型广泛涂层假体(2例)或打压植骨结合骨水泥固定股骨柄假体(1例)。术后进行临床评估及X线评估。结果 16例患者术后平均随访2.6(1.5~6.2)年,未出现臼杯松动病例,Harris评分从术前的35(18~63)分提高到末次随访时的89(60~99)分。结论应用骨水泥填充修复骨缺损结合骨水泥髋臼假体翻修内侧移位松动的髋臼假体是一种有效的手术方法。     

膝关节定制型肿瘤假体的翻修

目的通过对膝关节定制型肿瘤假体的翻修进行回顾性分析,总结手术技术和翻修原因,明确翻修术后并发症的发生,以及假体生存和功能情况。方法回顾性分析2002年6月-2007年6月收治的33例膝关节定制型肿瘤假体置换术后再次翻修患者的临床资料。其中男17例,女16例;年龄16～67岁,平均33.1岁。骨肉瘤17例,骨巨细胞瘤11例,骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,软骨肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤各1例。肿瘤部位:股骨远端22例,胫骨近端11例。翻修术与置换术间隔时间为6～180个月,平均45.3个月。翻修原因:肿瘤局部复发2例,假体周围感染8例,假体无菌性松动7例,创伤后假体周围骨折伴松动1例,假体柄折断6例,假体铰链机构失败9例。6例假体周围感染者,将原假体取出后行二期假体翻修;其余患者均行一期翻修。翻修假体均采用骨水泥固定假体,其中2例残留髓腔长度短于翻修假体柄,用异体骨段移植复合假体植入。结果17例两次手术均于同一医院进行的患者,首次置换手术时间为(149.8±40.5)min,翻修术为(189.9±43.8)min;置换术出血量为(605.2±308.0)mL,翻修术为(834.1±429.9)mL;以上指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者术后均获随访,随访时间12～76个月,平均45.1个月。2例行异体骨移植者分别于术后1年半和2年达骨性愈合。3例于翻修术后12～24个月死于肺转移;3例发生肺转移,随访期间带瘤生存。术后30例存活患者9例出现并发症,发生率为30%;其中浅表感染2例,深部感染5例,机械性并发症2例。7例发生假体失败,失败率为23.3%。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析翻修假体5年生存率为68.6%。翻修术前患者肢体功能根据1993年美国骨肿瘤学会评分系统(MSTS93)评分为57.1%±10.6%,术后6个月为73.6%±14.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论膝关节定制型肿瘤假体的翻修主要原因是机械性问题和感染,翻修手术虽较复杂,具有一定并发症,但可保留大部分患者的肢体并恢复其功能。     

广泛微孔涂层非骨水泥假体在股骨翻修的应用

目的报告采用广泛微孔涂层非骨水泥股骨假体对失败的骨水泥固定股骨假体翻修的近期效果。方法1998年至2003年,对20例骨水泥固定型人工髋关节置换后无菌性松动的股骨假体采用广泛微孔涂层假体进行翻修。翻修前使用国产假体18例,进口假体2例;全髋关节置换14例,人工股骨头置换6例。所有假体均为骨水泥固定,早期骨水泥技术固定18例,第二代骨水泥技术固定2例。原始疾病为股骨头无菌性坏死14例,股骨颈骨折6例。从初次关节置换到翻修手术的时间最短5年,最长17年,平均11.5年。其中4例患者为再次翻修。根据Paprosky分型,Ⅰ型3髋,Ⅱ型6髋,ⅢA型11髋。翻修假体,AML(DePuy)5髋,Solution(DePuy)7髋,Full-coated(Zimmer)6髋,Perfecta延长柄(WrightMed)2髋。翻修时患者平均年龄64岁(41～77岁),术后平均随访时间40个月(18～60个月)。结果Harris评分从术前平均34分改善为术后平均85分。根据Engh骨长入分级标准评定,术后X线表现骨性固定17例,稳定性纤维固定3例。无一例因松动需要再翻修的病例,骨皮质密度和厚度均明显增加。结论广泛微孔涂层假体在股骨干骺端和股骨髓腔同时存在缺损时,可以在相对正常的股骨远端髓腔获得轴向及抗旋转初始稳定,为骨长入和生物学固定创造条件。     

股骨远端球轴型旋转铰链膝关节的设计与临床应用

目的探讨球轴型旋转铰链膝关节假体重建股骨远端骨缺损的可行性及早期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年11月联勤保障部队第九六〇医院及天津市天津医院收治的13例股骨远端原发肿瘤患者和3例膝关节周围假体置换术后翻修患者资料, 男8例、女8例, 年龄(43.3±17.8)岁(范围15～71岁)。13例股骨远端肿瘤患者中, 骨肉瘤6例、骨巨细胞瘤5例、平滑肌肉瘤1例、软骨肉瘤1例;3例假体置换术后翻修患者中, 肿瘤型假体术后无菌性松动2例、表面人工膝关节假体周围骨折1例。设计并制作球轴型旋转铰链膝关节假体重建16例患者肿瘤切除或假体翻修术后股骨缺损。术后定期随访, 复查X线片评估下肢力线, 采用中文版36条简明健康调查量表(36-item short-form, SF-36)评价术后生活质量, 应用美国骨骼肌肉系统肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, MSTS)93膝关节功能评分评估肢体功能。结果 16例患者均顺利安放假体, 除2例行全股骨置换患者外, 其余14例患者肿瘤切除后骨缺损长度(18.2±11.7) cm(范围8.6～47.1 cm)...     

人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择. 方法 1995年1月～2002年6月进行全髋关节翻修术33例(33髋),其中男7髋,女26髋.翻修原因:无菌性松动22例,感染后松动8例(其中2例合并窦道形成);股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损3例,不伴有假体中心性脱位.对无菌性松动和股骨头磨损患者采用骨水泥固定型假体13例,生物固定型假体12例,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,8例感染患者均行一期骨水泥固定型全髋置换. 结果随访6个月～7年6个月,平均3年11个月.2例出现X线透亮带,但无临床不稳;4例遗留持续性疼痛,无假体脱位、断裂.本组Harris评分由术前的24～47分(平均38.6分),上升为术后的68～88分(平均82.4分),满意率87.9%. 结论无菌性松动是全髋关节置换术后翻修的主要原因.髋臼侧翻修假体可选择骨水泥型假体、也可选择生物型假体,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,感染后的翻修选择骨水泥假体较好.     

3D打印截骨导板与个性化假体在骨肿瘤保膝治疗中的临床应用北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨在膝关节周围恶性骨肿瘤患者中使用3D打印截骨导板与个性化假体进行保膝治疗的中期疗效。方法 回顾分析2016年9月—2018年10月采用3D打印截骨导板与个性化假体进行保留关节面的肿瘤切除重建术治疗的12例膝关节周围恶性肿瘤患者临床资料。其中男7例,女5例;发病年龄7~59岁,中位年龄44.5岁。骨肉瘤11例、纤维肉瘤1例,均为EnnekingⅡB期。肿瘤与关节面距离为5.5~8.2 cm,平均6.94 cm。术后观察患者切口愈合、肿瘤复发、有无假体周围骨折及无菌性松动等情况,使用美国肌肉骨骼肿瘤学会(MSTS)评分进行功能评价,并测定膝关节屈曲活动度。结果 12例患者均获随访,随访时间41~66个月,平均54.5个月。截骨长度为14~26 cm,平均22.08 cm。除2例患者出现切口浅表感染,未发生累及假体的深部感染,无患者因假体感染行翻修手术。随访期间2例发生局部复发,3例发生远处转移,患者总无病生存率为58.3%。2例患者因肺转移死亡,患者总生存率为83.3%。1例患者因局部复发截肢,1例假体断裂行人工全膝关节置换术翻修;随访期间未发生假体无菌性松动及假体周围骨折,总假体生存率为83.3%。末次随访时10例患者获得了满意膝关节屈曲活动度,达95°~125°,平均110°;2例患儿因疼痛无法配合早期康复治疗,膝关节屈曲活动度恢复不理想,分别为50°和75°。所有患者均获得了可接受的下肢功能,MSTS评分为26~30分,平均28分;患者均可不拄拐独立行走。结论 3D打印截骨导板与个性化假体治疗膝关节周围恶性骨肿瘤,可以保留关节面,患者可获得良好肢体功能,减少假体无菌性松动风险,中期疗效较好。     

全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的治疗

目的：分析全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的病因和治疗结果．探讨其治疗方法。方法：回顾性研究自1998年12月-2003年3月治疗并随访观察的11例全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折患者，男8例，女3例，平均年龄为56岁(43-75岁)，采用Vancouver分型，A型2例，B2型7例．B3型1例，C型1例。采用非手术治疗5例；手术治疗6例，其中1例为非手术治疗后骨折畸形愈合行翻修术。采用长柄假体翻修联合异体皮质骨板固定5例．其中使用非骨水泥型远端固定假体4例．使用骨水泥型假体1例。采用切开复位内固定治疗1例。结果：所有病例均获随访，平均随访25．6个月(7～50个月)。9例骨折愈合，平均愈合时间4个月(3-6个月)，2例骨折未愈合。均为非手术治疗病例，手术治疗6例骨折均愈合。至目前为止，7例假体稳定，1例翻修术后出现连续的影像学透亮线．3例假体松动，假体稳定的患者功能好于假体松动者．假体稳定患者的Harris评分平均91分。所有异体皮质骨板在1年内均与宿主骨整台．没有异体皮质骨板骨折发生。结论：假体稳定的A型骨折可以采用非手术治疗。对于B1型和C型骨折，如无手术禁忌证，应行切开复位内固定术。对于假体松动的骨折患者，使用长柄远端固定非骨水混型假体联合异体皮质骨板是最佳的治疗方法。     

KMFTR (Kotz Modular Femur Tibia Reconstruction System) modular tumor endoprosthesis system for the lower extremity]

206 patients with tumorendoprosteses of the KMFTR-type at the lower extremity were operated at the Institute Rizolli Bologna and at the University Clinic of Vienna. The minimum follow up was 2 years (mean 3.2, max. 8 years). In order to bridge the defect caused by tumor resection the proximal femur was replaced in 42 cases, the distal femur in 119 cases and in 6 patients a total femur prosthesis was used. The proximal tibia was replaced in 35 cases and in 4 cases a total knee prosthesis was implanted. Clinical evaluation according to Enneking revealed 71.6% excellent and good results. In 83.4% the radiological score was higher then 20. We saw deep infections in 8.2% (17 patients), breakage of the prosthesis in 6.8% and aseptic loosening in 5.8%. 3 patients had to be amputated due to infection. In the remaining cases of infection in 66% of the patients healing was observed. All cases of aseptic loosening or breakage could be revised successfully by an exchange of the prostheses and therefore salvage of the leg was achieved.     

Long‐term outcome of giant cell tumors of bone around the knee treated by en bloc resection of tumor and reconstruction with prosthesis

Objective: To study the long‐term outcomes and complications of giant cell tumors around the knee treated with en bloc resection and reconstruction with prosthesis. Methods: From January 1991 to March 2005, 19 patients (11 men, 8 women, average age 35.4 years) were treated in our hospital with en bloc resection and reconstruction with domestic prosthesis (15 hinge knee and 4 rotating‐hinge knee). The distal femur was involved in 12 and the proximal tibia in 7 cases. Nine tumors were primary and 10 recurrent. All cases were Campanacci grade III. The affected limb functions were evaluated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system. Results: All patients underwent operation successfully with no complications. The mean follow‐up time was 128.9 months (60 to 216 months). Apart from one patient who underwent amputation because of wound infection two years after reoperation, the range of knee motion of 18 patients was 30°–110°. The mean functional score of the affected limb was 22.7 (15 to 27 points). The length of the lower extremities was equal in nine cases; the affected limb was 2–9 cm shorter in the other ten cases. Prosthesis fracture and loosening developed in one, prosthesis aseptic loosening in three, and delayed deep infection and prosthesis loosening in two cases. The prosthesis loosening rate was 31.6%. One patient developed a proximal femur fracture. Conclusion: En bloc resection and reconstruction with prosthesis is a feasible method for treating giant cell tumor of bone around the knee. Complications related to the prosthesis, mainly prosthesis loosening and limb shortening, increase gradually with longer survival time.     

Femoral cortical sleeve in revision arthroplasty 24 patients followed 2-10 years

22 women and 2 men with a mean age of 75 (51-90) years underwent replacement of the proximal femur for failed total hip arthroplasty by a modular femoral resection endoprosthesis (KMFTR). the indications were bone loss in aseptic loosening (n 8), fracture (n 12) and Girdlestone hips (n 4). After a mean follow-up of 5 (2-10) years, the Harris Hip Score improved from an average of 17 (4-43) to 79 (50-97). in 19 patients, the proximal femur was kept as an autograft and was wrapped around the resection parts of the modular prosthesis as a cortical sleeve. Bone forma tion in these 19 hips took place in 18 at the dorsal, in 17 at the medial, in 8 at the lateral and in 7 at the ventral aspect of the femur. the bone bridge formed within the first year and persisted in amount and distribution during the time of observation.

In the 5 patients without a remaining cortical sleeve around the resection parts of the prosthesis, no bone bridge was formed. These 5 patients showed stress-shielding at the prosthesis-bone-junction. Until now, none of the 24 patients has undergone additional surgery.     

肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围原发性肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的总结膝关节周围原发性骨肿瘤保肢手术中人工关节重建的疗效和并发症。方法回顾性分析我院1995年12月至2005年12月83例应用肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床资料。其中骨肉瘤58例,多中心骨肉瘤2例,皮质旁骨肉瘤1例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,骨巨细胞瘤13例,平滑肌肉瘤1例,尤文肉瘤2例,软骨肉瘤2例。根据骨缺损重建部位分组：股骨下端组44例,胫骨上端组34例,全股骨置换组5例。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12～130个月,平均41个月。局部复发6例,2例晚期感染,假体松动2例,无假体断裂;假体3、5年生存率分别为88．2％、82．1％。41例植骨患者形成皮质外骨桥。肢体肌肉骨骼肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评分：股骨下端组19．0—29．0分,平均25．0分;胫骨上端组17．0—28．0分,平均24．4分;全股骨置换组16．0—21．0分,平均19．0分。股骨下端组和胫骨上端组功能优于全股骨置换。结论肿瘤型人工关节重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤并发症发生率低,关节功能良好。     

Segmental limb reconstruction after tumor resection

Limb salvage of large segmental and osteoarticular defects after tumor resection has become the standard of care for most patients with musculoskeletal tumors because overall survival is the same when compared with that seen in amputation patients. This study examines limb salvage for the surgical management of large segmental defects in terms of local recurrence, complications, and functional outcome in both primary and metastatic lesions. We retrospectively identified 32 patients with benign or malignant tumors of bone who underwent resection and limb salvage reconstruction by means of a custom or modular metal implant between 1985 and 1995. The most common tumor sites were the proximal femur (41%), distal femur (37.5%), and proximal humerus (12.5%). Primary bone lesions accounted for 18 patients (56%); metastatic disease accounted for 14 patients (44%). Osteosarcoma (n = 11) and chondrosarcoma (n = 3) were the most frequent primary tumors. The overall limb salvage rate (91%) was high, yet complications (28%) were common. Except for 3 patients who underwent amputation after prosthetic failure, all surviving patients were independent with or without assistive devices at latest follow-up. In patients with advanced metastatic disease, average survival was 7.6 months. No cases of aseptic loosening or implant breakage were observed in patients followed up for 2 years or more. Treatment after tumor resection with a limb salvage prosthetic reconstruction has shown good functional outcomes with an acceptable complication rate. This modality, therefore, offers patients a more favorable functional outcome with a more energy-efficient gait when compared with limb amputation.     

Bony atrophy after mega total hip replacement for bone tumors: 11 cases followed for 3-15 years

We followed 11 patients 3-15 years after a cemented mega total hip replacement for a proximal femoral bone tumor. 7/8 survivors had good function and only occasional pain. 1 hip had been revised because of deep infection and in 1 case the cup had been exchanged because of aseptic loosening. 2 patients had been operated on because of local recurrence of the tumor. At follow-up, 1 patient had radiographic signs of loosening of the stem after 7 years. There was in 8 cases a pronounced athropy of the femoral cortical bone, not correlated to loosening of the stem.     

Kotz modular femur and tibia replacement: 28 tumor cases followed for 3 (1-8) years

In the period 1984-1991, 33 lower limb reconstructions were performed with an uncemented Kotz modular femur tibia reconstruction (KMFTR) prosthesis after resection of 32 malignant bone tumors and 1 benign giant cell tumor. Tumor localization was proximal femur in 12, distal femur in 17, and proximal tibia in 4. The mean age of the patients was 38 years. 28 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were studied after 3 (1-8) years. 7 patients were reoperated because of complications. Good or excellent results were obtained in 6 of the 10 proximal and 13 of the 14 distal femur reconstructions. In 2 of the 4 patients undergoing combined distal femur and proximal tibia resection, a deep infection developed, and above-knee amputation was performed. One local recurrence occurred after proximal femur resection.     

酒精灭活骨复合人工假体治疗股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤及有限元分析

目的 探讨酒精灭活骨复合人工假体治疗股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤的临床疗效.方法 2007年1月至2008年10月应用酒精灭活骨复合旋转铰链膝关节治疗股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤5例,男3例、女2例;年龄22～40岁,平均29.6岁.3例为术后复发病例,2例伴病理性骨折.均为CampanacciⅢ级.选择1名18岁成年男性健康志愿者,利用...     

半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损

目的:采用半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损,并评定疗效。方法:共36例。19例成人肱骨近端四分骨折。9例肱骨近端低恶性度骨肿瘤,肱骨头坏死8例。均采用骨水泥固定人工肱骨头置换术治疗。术后功能锻炼。定期X线检查,评估假体稳定性和肩关节功能。随访时间为1～8年,平均5年3个月。结果:1例42岁肱骨近端骨肿瘤患者术后2年出现松动;3例肱骨近端四分骨折患者伴有肩关节外旋部分受限和轻度疼痛。其余病例无痛,无松动,肩关节功能满意。结论:与远期结果有关的因素包括准确的手术适应证的选择,正确的手术方法特别是修复骨缺损和肩袖损伤;选择好假体的大小和厚度以及假体安放位置;另一关键因素为合理的功能锻炼。     

Survivorship and Radiological Analysis of a Monoblock,Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Stem in Revision Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundWe evaluated the survivorship, incidence of complications, radiological subsidence, proximal stress shielding, and patient-reported outcomes of a conservative, monoblock, hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study reports on 254 revision hip arthroplasties between January 2006 and June 2016. The mean age of patients was 71 years. The mean length of follow-up was 62 months (range 12-152).ResultsThere were 13 stem re-revisions: infection (4), periprosthetic fracture (4), aseptic stem loosening (3), stem fracture (1), and extended trochanteric osteotomy nonunion (1). Kaplan-Meier aseptic stem survivorship was 97.33% (confidence interval 94-100) at 6 years. There were 29 intraoperative fractures. There were 6 cases of subsidence greater than 10 mm; however, none required revision. Ninety-six percent of cases showed no proximal stress shielding. Thigh pain was reported in 3% of cases.ConclusionThis study confirms that this stem provides good survivorship at 6 years, acceptable complication rates, adequate proximal bone loading, low incidences of thigh pain, and reliable clinical performance in revision hip arthroplasty.Key MessageA monoblock, fully hydroxyapatite-coated titanium stem is reliable in revision arthroplasty with mild-moderate femur deficiencies.