A型肉毒毒素对脑卒中恢复期下肢痉挛的疗效观察①

目的研究A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中恢复期下肢痉挛的效果.方法将109例脑卒中恢复期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组除予以常规治疗和康复训练外,治疗组对痉挛肌肉加用A型肉毒毒素注射.用改良Ashworth痉挛量表(MAS)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)于治疗前,治疗4周、12周后进行评价.结果治疗后各时间点,治疗组MAS、FMA、BBS评分均较对照组改善(P<0.05).结论局部A型肉毒毒素注射配合系统的康复训练能明显改善痉挛性下肢瘫痪的肌肉痉挛、运动功能和平衡能力.     

A型肉毒毒素在治疗儿童脑外伤后肢体痉挛中的应用

目的：探讨A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）配合康复训练治疗儿童脑外伤后肢体痉挛性运动障碍的疗效。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,选取脑外伤后肢体痉挛性运动障碍的患儿44例。随机分为两组。治疗组：注射A型肉毒毒素+康复训练组22例（其中上肢痉挛12例、下肢痉挛10例）。对照组：单纯康复训练组22例（其中上肢痉挛10例、下肢痉挛组12例）。分别观察治疗前、治疗后4周、8周、12周时用改良Ashworth量表、粗大运动功能评估量表（GMFM）进行评估。结果治疗组与对照组之间同期比较,其改良Ashworth量表、粗大运动功能评估量表评估均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组中上肢痉挛患儿改良Ashworth评估及粗大运动功能评估量表评估优于下肢痉挛患儿,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 A型肉毒毒素注射治疗联合康复训练对儿童脑外伤后痉挛性运动障碍的改善有较好作用,且上肢痉挛者获益可能优于下肢痉挛者。     

超声引导下肉毒毒素注射治疗脑性瘫痪儿童上肢痉挛的疗效观察

目的探讨超声引导下A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）注射治疗脑性瘫痪儿童上肢肌肉痉挛的疗效。 方法选择上肢肌肉痉挛的脑性瘫痪儿童20例，分为超声引导下BTX-A注射组（注射组）和单纯康复治疗组（对照组）各10例。其中注射组在彩色超声引导下，将BTX-A准确注射到患儿上肢痉挛肌群，注射后次日开始进行康复训练。所有病例在治疗前及治疗后第1周、2周、4周、8周、12周分别采用改良Ashworth量表和Fugl-Meyer评估量表进行相关评价。 结果注射组在注射后第2，4，8，12周肌肉痉挛的改善以及上肢运动功能评分均优于注射前（P＜0.01），并且痉挛程度在注射后第2周改善最明显。注射组治疗效果明显优于对照组，2组间的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论采用在超声引导下BTX-A注射治疗脑性瘫痪儿童上肢肌肉痉挛，定位准确、安全，疗效优于单纯康复治疗。     

A型肉毒毒素配合药浴对脑性瘫痪患儿痉挛的疗效

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素注射与康复训练和药浴相结合治疗脑瘫患儿痉挛的效果。方法80 例痉挛型和混合型脑瘫患儿分为两组,每组40 例。对照组采用运动疗法;观察组采用A型肉毒毒素注射后进行康复训练和药浴。治疗前后采用改良Ashworth评定量表(MAS)、粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM-88)进行评定。结果治疗3 个月后,两组患儿MAS评分、GMFM评分均优于治疗前(P<0.05),观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论A型肉毒毒素注射配合康复训练和药浴能降低肌张力,有效提高痉挛型和混合型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗下肢痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效分析

目的研究A型肉毒毒素(BotulinumToxicA,BTX-A)治疗儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效。方法对45例痉挛型脑瘫的患者进行前瞻性研究,在下肢痉挛的肌肉内注射BTX-A,观察治疗前后的肌张力及体能评价分数量表(PhysicalRatingScale,PRS),疗效持续时间及不良反应。结果治疗前与治疗后2周肌张力、治疗后4周PRS相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05）。结论BTX-A治疗儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪具有明显疗效。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗下肢痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效分析

目的 研究A型肉毒毒素（Botulinum Toxic A,BTX-A)治疗儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效。方法 对45例痉挛型脑瘫的患进行前瞻性研究,在下肢痉挛的肌肉内注射BTX－A,观察治疗前后的肌张力及体能评价分数量表（Physical Rating Scale,PRS),疗效持续时间及不良反应。结果 治疗前与治疗后2周肌张力、治疗后4周PRS相比均具有显性差异（P＜0．05）。结论 BTX－A治疗儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪具有明显疗效。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中后上肢痉挛的疗效观察

目的通过向脑卒中上肢痉挛患者注射A型肉毒毒素（BTXA），以探讨A型肉毒毒素对其上肢肌肉痉挛及活动功能的影响。方法共选取32例脑卒中患者，其偏瘫侧上肢屈肌痉挛Ashworth评级为2～3级，将其随机分为治疗组及对照组。治疗组患者选择肱二头肌、前臂屈肌群注射A型肉毒毒素，随后进行康复训练；对照组患者未给予A型肉毒毒素注射，仅单纯进行康复训练。于治疗前、治疗后1周、2周、6周及12周时进行疗效评定。疗效评定指标包括改良Ashworth痉挛量表评分、Fugl—Meyer上肢功能检测及Barthel指数评分。结果治疗组患者治疗后各观察时间点偏瘫侧上肢肌痉挛情况较治疗前明显降低，肌痉挛改善幅度以治疗后第2周时最为显著，随后改善幅度有所减缓，但与治疗前比较，差异仍有统计学意义（P〈0．05），疗效一直持续至治疗后第12周；同时治疗组患者Fugl—Meyer评分、Barthel指数评分也较治疗前明显改善，并且与对照组各相应疗效指标间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论A型肉毒毒素可显著降低脑卒中患者痉挛上肢肌张力，并对改善患肢活动功能及日常生活活动能力具有明显促进作用．其疗效至少持续12周左右。     

A型肉毒素治疗痉挛型脑瘫临床观察

目的:探讨肉毒毒素A(BTXA)注射配合康复训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能及日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL )的影响.方法:选择例100例双下肢痉挛型脑瘫儿童随机分为BTX-A组和对照组各50例,2组均采用常规康复训练,A 型肉毒毒(botulinumtoxin A ,BTX2A)组加用兰州产BTX-A 干粉制剂,(于-20～ -5 ℃避光保存,以生理盐水稀释后立即使用),运用"反向牵拉指压法"进行下肢痉挛肌局部注射,注射后次日开始进行痉挛肌牵伸及功能训练.观察两组患儿的肌张力与ADL变化.结果:治疗1个月和3个月后,治疗组患儿的肌张力、ADL改善情况明显优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:康复训练仍是有效的脑瘫治疗手段, BTX-A注射配合康复训练可明显改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能和日常生活能力.两者结合可明显缩短疗程、提高疗效.     

A型肉毒素治疗痉挛型脑瘫临床观察

目的:探讨肉毒毒素A(BTXA)注射配合康复训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能及日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)的影响。方法:选择例100例双下肢痉挛型脑瘫儿童随机分为BTX-A组和对照组各50例,2组均采用常规康复训练,A型肉毒毒(botulinumtoxin A,BTX2A)组加用兰州产BTX-A干粉制剂,(于-20~-5℃避光保存,以生理盐水稀释后立即使用),运用“反向牵拉指压法“进行下肢痉挛肌局部注射,注射后次日开始进行痉挛肌牵伸及功能训练。观察两组患儿的肌张力与ADL变化。结果:治疗1个月和3个月后,治疗组患儿的肌张力、ADL改善情况明显优于对照组(P&lt;0.01)。结论:康复训练仍是有效的脑瘫治疗手段,BTX-A注射配合康复训练可明显改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能和日常生活能力。两者结合可明显缩短疗程、提高疗效。     

A型肉毒毒素结合功能训练对脑卒中患者生存质量的影响

目的：通过对脑卒中患者进行A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）结合综合功能训练前后多个时间点进行生存质量的评测及随访,探讨A型肉毒毒素与功能训练对脑卒中患者肌肉痉挛状态及生存质量等功能结局的影响。方法：选择32例伴有上肢痉挛的脑卒中患者,患侧上肢屈肌痉挛改良Ashworth评分2—3级。随机分为BTX-A治疗组及对照组。BTX-A治疗组患者选择肱二头肌、前臂屈肌群,使用国产A型肉毒毒素在肌腹进行分点注射。注射后进行训练。对照组不使用A型肉毒毒素,仅进行康复功能训练。治疗前、治疗后1周、治疗后2周、治疗后6周、治疗后12周分别检测1次。测量指标包括：改良Ashworth痉挛量表评分及卒中影响量表等。结果：治疗组治疗后4次评测与治疗前相比,肌张力、卒中影响量表评分与对照组比较差异均有显著性意义。治疗后4次评测数据两两之间相比,卒中影响量表得分在治疗后6周达高峰,治疗后12周时有所下降,与治疗前相比,差异均有显著性意义。结论：A型肉毒毒素结合综合康复治疗措施可降低脑卒中患者痉挛上肢的肌张力,增加痉挛上肢的功能性活动,改善脑卒中患者的生存质量。远期疗效较单纯功能训练好。     

A型肉毒毒素注射配合康复功能训练对痉挛型偏瘫脑瘫患儿上肢运动功能疗效观察

目的观察A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)注射治疗配合康复功能训练对痉挛型偏瘫脑瘫患儿上肢功能障碍的疗效。方法60例痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫患儿均接受BTX-A注射治疗,治疗后进行强制性诱导运动训练、物理疗法、肌电生物反馈治疗、作业治疗及家庭训练。在治疗前与治疗3 个月后,分别用改良Ashworth 痉挛量表(MAS)评定患侧上肢肌张力、关节量角器法测量患侧腕关节主动背伸角度、Peabody 运动发育量表(PDMS-II)进行患侧手精细运动商(FMQ)的评估、日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表评估ADL 能力以比较观察疗效。结果治疗后患儿上述指标均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.001)。结论BTX-A注射治疗配合康复功能训练能明显降低痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫患儿的上肢肌张力,改善关节活动范围,明显提高上肢运动功能。     

肉毒毒素A治疗痉挛型脑瘫探讨

目的 探讨肉毒毒素A(botulinum toxin A,BTX-A)在脑瘫康复治疗中的应用价值。方法 将47例痉挛型脑瘫儿童随机分为治疗组(32例)和对照组(15例)，两组均接受正规康复训练，治疗组辅以痉挛肌注射BTX-A，观察商组患儿的内收肌角与回常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)变化。结果 治疗3个月和6个月后，治疗组患儿的内收肌角、ADL改善精况明显优于对照组(P＜0．01)。结论 康复训练仍是有效的脑瘫治疗手段，BTX-A局部注射作为一种重要的输助方法，可为康复训练提供良好时机，两者结合可明显缩短疗程、提高疗效，在脑瘫康复治疗中具有应用价值。     

肉毒毒素结合康复训练治疗痉挛型脑瘫

目的:观察局部肌肉注射A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)治疗痉挛型脑瘫的疗效。方法:83例痉挛型脑瘫患儿分为观察组53例和对照组30例,均采用BTX-A局部肌肉注射和推拿治疗;观察组同时结合系统的康复训练等。治疗前后均以改良阿氏量表(MAS)评分肌张力,运动评价量表(PRS)评定运动功能。结果:治疗3个月后与治疗前比较2组MAS评分均明显下降,PRS评分明显升高(均P<0.05);与对照组比较观察组表现更明显(P<0.05)。结论:局部肌肉注射BTX-A结合系统康复训练能有效缓解痉挛型脑瘫患儿的肌张力,改善步态、提高行走能力。     

The effect of botulinum toxin type-A injection on spasticity, range of motion and gait patterns in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: an Egyptian study

Spasticity is defined as increased resistance to passive movement, secondary to hyperreflexia after an upper motor neuron lesion. In children with cerebral palsy (CP), it can interfere with mobility and self-care and can contribute to development of fixed myostatic contractures. This study investigated the efficacy of botulinum toxin type-A, a neuromuscular blocking agent that reduces muscle tone, in a variety of neuromuscular disorders, injections in a prospective, 3-month, controlled study involving 40 children with spastic diplegic CP. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (20 patients) entered a botulinum toxin type-A injection+physiotherapy rehabilitation program; Group 2 (20 patients) were given the physiotherapy rehabilitation program only. Patients were assessed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-treatment using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), dynamic gait pattern, ankle range-of-motion measurements and quantification of muscle denervation by nerve conduction techniques. The botulinum toxin type-A group demonstrated statistically significantly decreased spasticity, improved gait function and improved range of motion with evidence of partial denervation of the injected muscle compared to the control group. In conclusion, botulinum toxin type-A injections are a well-tolerated, non-surgical technique that can improve overall response to physiotherapy.     

A型肉毒毒素注射配合康复训练治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童下肢肌张力障碍

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）在脑性瘫痪（脑瘫）治疗中的应用及疗效。方法将34例痉挛型双瘫患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组采用BTX-A局部多点注射结合康复训练，对照组仅行康复训练，2组治疗前及治疗后3d、2周、1个月、2个月和3个月采用改良的Ashworth痉挛分级量表、粗大运动功能量表（GMFM）及印油毯足印分析进行疗效评估。结果治疗组治疗3d后，对照组治疗1个月后痉挛评分下降。与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；治疗2周至3个月，2组痉挛评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。2组治疗1个月和3个月后GMFM评分均有提高，治疗3个月后治疗组与对照组相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。印油毯足印分析显示，治疗组治疗3个月后步行足长、步速与治疗前及与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），步幅评分2组均有明显提高（P〈0．05），但组问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论BTX-A注射配合康复训练可快速有效地缓解脑瘫患儿下肢痉挛及提高其步行功能，缩短住院疗程。     

The change of intrinsic stiffness in gastrocnemius after intensive rehabilitation with botulinum toxin a injection in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy

A recent study claimed that botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the calf muscle of cerebral palsy (CP) children did not change the intrinsic stiffness. Contrary to this recent report, in our case, decreased muscle spasticity, which was measured using a modified Ashworth scale, and increased Gross Motor Function Measure score were demonstrated at 4 weeks after intensive rehabilitation treatment (IRT) with BTX-A injection to the medial gastrocnemius muscle in a child with spastic CP. Additionally, we indentified decreased muscle stiffness which was demonstrated by a decrease in the color-coded scale and shear velocity, and an increase in the strain ratio using dynamic sonoelastography.     

Effect of botulinum toxin type A on cerebral palsy with upper limb spasticity

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A injections in reducing upper limb muscular spasticity and in improving motor function in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN: Fifteen children with spastic cerebral palsy who were undergoing regular physical and occupational therapy were enrolled. Botulinum toxin type A injections in clinically indicated target muscle groups were administered after the children had received 3 mo of therapy. A follow-up study was carried out at 6 wk and 12 wk, respectively, after the botulinum toxin type A injections. The main outcome measurements included the Modified Ashworth Scale, the upper limb Physician's Rating Scale, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and the self-care domain of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. RESULTS: The reduction of spasticity in the treated muscle groups differed significantly between the control period and both study periods. Improvements on the Physician's Rating Scale score during the study period also differed significantly as compared with improvements during the control period. There was a significant difference in the improvement of fine motor skills, as measured with Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, between the control period and both study periods. Improvements in self-care capability differed significantly between the control period and 12 wk after botulinum toxin type A treatment, but not between the control period and at 6 wk after treatment. Muscle strength of grasp and pinch did not differ significantly between the control and the study period. Distribution of body parts involvement, disease severity, and function in daily living activities had no significant correlation with functional improvement after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the premise that botulinum toxin type A injections are effective in reducing upper limb spasticity and in improving movement pattern and fine motor function of patients with spastic cerebral palsy. A reduction in caregivers' burden and improved quality of life were demonstrated through the study period.     

A型肉毒毒素注射配合康复功能训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿上肢功能的疗效观察

目的探索A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿上肢功能的疗效。方法愿意接受BTX-A治疗的27例痉挛型脑瘫患儿为治疗组,30例脑瘫患儿为对照组,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予BTX-A局部注射。治疗前后行Carroll双上肢功能评定。结果两组患儿经过3个月治疗后,治疗组Carroll双上肢功能评定显著优于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论BTX-A对于改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿上肢功能有良好的作用。     

Managing spasticity in pediatric cerebral palsy using a very low dose of botulinum toxin type A: preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: To determine if very low doses of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) could reduce spasticity and improve gait in cerebral palsied children when combined with rehabilitation therapy. DESIGN: Ten trainable (IQ > 80), ambulatory, spastic diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral palsied children, with no fixed contractures in at least one limb, were selected for the study. Patients with a score of 3 on a modified Ashworth scale received 0.5 units of BTX-A/kg/muscle. Patients with an Ashworth score of 4 received 1.0 BTX-A/kg/muscle. After BTX-A injection, all patients received rehabilitation therapy and plastic ankle and foot orthoses for walking. RESULTS: Both groups exhibited improvement in Ashworth score and in gait within 72 hr of injection with botulinum toxin. Beneficial effects persisted for 10 to 12 mo in most patients, with three patients exhibiting benefits for at least 20 mo. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that a very low dose of botulinum toxin type A combined with'rehabilitation therapy resulted in a long-lasting decrease in spasticity and an improvement in gait in children with cerebral palsy.     

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (88)

Managing spasticity in pediatric cerebral palsy using a very low dose of botulinum toxin type A: preliminary report. (Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand) Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2000;79:320–326.
This study was conducted to determine if very low doses of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) could reduce spasticity and improve gait in cerebral palsied children when combined with rehabilitation therapy. The trainable (IQ> 80), ambulatory, spastic diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral palsied children, with no fixed contractures in at least one limb, were selected for this study. Patients with a score of 3 on a modified Ashworth scale received 0.5 units of BTX-A/kg/muscle. Patients with an Ashworth score of 4 received 1.0 BTX-A/kg/muscle. After BTX-A injection, all patients received rehabilitation therapy and plastic ankle and foot orthoses for walking. Both groups exhibited improvement in Ashworth score and in gait within 72 h of injection with botulinum toxin. Beneficial effects persisted for 10 to 12 months in most patients, with 3 patients exhibiting benefits for at least 20 months. Conclude that a very low dose of BTX-A combined with rehabilitation therapy resulted in a long-lasting decrease in spasticity and an improvement in gait in children with cerebral palsy.