双花千里光中一个新的艾里莫芬烷型倍半萜

利用多种色谱技术对藏药双花千里光Senecio dianthus地上部分95%乙醇浸提物进行分离纯化,共得到5个化合物,根据理化数据和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构分别为:艾里莫芬-9(10),7(11)-二烯-8-酮-12-羧酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,命名为双花千里光苷A(1),5,7,4'-三羟基-黄酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),金丝桃苷(4),芦丁(5).其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物2,4,5 均为首次从双花千里光中分离得到.     

大血藤中1个新的木脂素类化合物

大血藤来源于木通科植物大血藤Sargentodoxa cuneata的干燥藤茎。该研究通过HPD-100 大孔树脂、反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20 和制备液相等方法,从采自安徽黄山的大血藤藤茎中分离出20个化合物;根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为(7R,8S)-3,3'-5-三甲氧基-4,9-二羟基-4',7-环氧-5',8-木脂素-7'-烯-9'-酸 4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),1-O-香草酸-6-O-香草酰基吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),对羟基苯乙醇-6-O-香豆酰吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),枸橼苦素B(4),桂皮苷(5),(-)-异落叶松脂素4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),(-)-异落叶松脂素4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),1-O-香草酸-6-(3",5"-二甲氧基-没食子酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),对羟基苯乙醇-6-O-(E)-咖啡酰吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),(-)-丁香树脂醇4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),(-)-丁香树脂醇双葡萄糖苷(11),野菰苷(12),木通苯乙醇苷B(13),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮-4-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-芹糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15),(-)-表儿茶素(16),毛柳苷(17),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇吡喃葡萄糖苷(18),绿原酸(19),原儿茶酸(20),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2~7首次从该植物中分离得到。     

白木香叶的化学成分研究(二)

为综合利用白木香叶的丰富资源,阐明其物质基础,课题组再次对其化学成分进行了研究,采用多种色谱技术对其化学成分进行分离纯化,从白木香叶95%,70%乙醇提取物的氯仿和正丁醇萃取部位共分离得到12个化合物.经多种波谱方法鉴定其结构,分别为鸢尾酚酮2-(O-α-L)-吡喃鼠李糖苷(3),4'-羟基-5-甲氧基黄酮-7-O-葡萄糖(6-1)木糖苷(2),7,3',5'-三甲氧基黄酮苷(3),5-甲氧基芹菜素7-(O-β-D)-葡萄糖苷(4),2-苯乙基1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),红景天苷(6),苯甲醇1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),2,6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),vanilloloside(9),(+)-丁香脂素(10),β-维生素E(11),豆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(12),化合物 2,3,5~9,11和12 为首次从该属植物中分离得到.另外,对氯仿萃取部位的9个流分进行了4种人体肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选,均未显示明显活性.     

肿节风中黄酮苷类成分研究

目的：研究中药肿节风的化学成分，为阐明其有效成分提供依据。方法：利用聚酰胺、Sephadex LH-20，Lipophilic sephadex LH-20柱色谱进行分离，根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据(IR，UV，MS，¹H-NMR，¹³C-NMR)鉴定其结构。结果：从肿节风水提取物中分离得到5个黄酮苷类和3个其他类化合物，分别鉴定为：山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(1)，槲皮素-3-O-α-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(2)，槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯(3)，5，7，4′-三羟基-8-C-β-D-葡萄糖二氢黄酮碳苷(4)，新落新妇苷(5)，5-O-咖啡酰基-奎宁酸甲酯(6)，3，4-二羟基苯甲酸(7)，异秦皮啶(8)。结论：化合物1～6为首次从本属植物中得到，其中1～3为该属中首次发现的葡萄糖醛酸类化合物。     

哥兰叶中黄酮类化学成分的研究

 目的研究哥兰叶(Celastrus gemmatus Loes.)中的化学成分。方法用色谱方法并结合重结晶等方法进行分离,用波谱学方法鉴定其化合物结构。结果分离得到5个化合物,分别为5,4′-二羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮-7-O-β-D-半乳糖醛酸苷(1),槲皮素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷(2),木犀草素(3),芹菜素-8-C-β-D吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),山柰酚-3,7-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)。结论化合物1为新化合物,其他均为首次从本植物中分得。     

薰衣草中黄酮类化学成分的研究

目的：对新疆产薰衣草中的黄酮类化学成分进行研究。方法：采用95%乙醇提取及各种柱色谱法分离,光谱技术鉴定结构。结果：分离得到7个黄酮类化合物,经光谱方法分别鉴定为芹菜素(1),ladanein(2),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-(6′-对羟基肉桂酸基)-甘露糖苷(3),木犀草素(4),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),5,4′-二羟基黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯(7)。结论：上述化合物均首次从薰衣草中分离得到。     

白花蛇舌草化学成分的研究

目的：对白花蛇舌草的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用聚酰胺,Sephadex LH-20,硅胶和HPLC等多种色谱方法进行分离,理化性质,光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离鉴定9个化合物：2,6-二羟基-1-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽醌(1),2-羟基-1-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽醌(2),2-羟基-3-甲基蒽醌(3),quercetin-3-O-［2-O-(6-O-E-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranos-yl］-β-glucopyranoside(4),quercetin-3-O-［2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl］-β-glucop-yranoside(5),kaempferol-3-O-［2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl］-β-galactopyranoside(6),quercetin-3-O-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),芦丁(8),槲皮素(9)。结论：化合物1和8为首次从该种植物中得到,其中化合物1为新化合物。     

藏飞廉中酚酸类成分研究

通过大孔吸附树脂,MCI 树脂,正相硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS和反相HPLC 等多种色谱分离方法相结合,从藏飞廉乙醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物;利用多种谱学技术鉴定它们的结构分别为红景天苷(1),2-(3,4-二羟苯基)-乙基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),3,5-二羟苯基-乙醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),对羟基桂皮酸(4),3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one(5),3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) propan-1-one(6),紫丁香苷(7),对羟基苯甲醛(8),水杨酸(9),tachioside(10),香草酸-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11),丁香醛(12),2, 6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(13),2, 6-二甲氧基-对苯二酚-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)。除化合物4和7外,其余均为首次从飞廉属植物中分离得到。     

荔枝草中黄酮类成分的研究

 目的对荔枝草的黄酮类成分进行研究。方法利用柱色谱方法分离纯化化合物,运用光谱方法进行结构鉴定。结果从荔枝草体积分数95%乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为5-羟基-4′,7-二甲氧基-异黄酮(1)、高车前素(2)、泽兰黄酮(3)、高车前苷(4)、(2S)-5,7,4′-三羟基-6-甲氧基-二氢黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)和假荆芥属苷(6)。结论化合物5为新的二氢黄酮苷,化合物1和5为首次从荔枝草中分离得到。     

甜荞麦花叶化学成分研究

目的 :研究甜荞麦Fagopyrum esculentum花叶的化学成分。 方法 :采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法等进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。 结果 :从荞麦花叶中分离鉴定了8个化合物,分别为槲皮素(1),山奈酚(2),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮苷(4),木犀草素-7-O-β-葡萄糖苷(5),芦丁(6)胡萝卜苷(7),β-谷甾醇(8)。 结论 :化合物3,5为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1,2,4,6为首次从甜荞麦花叶中分离得到。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

乌拉尔甘草HMGR基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

目的:对乌拉尔甘草3.羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3methylglutary CoA reductase,HMGR)的cDNA克隆并进行序列分析.方法:根据NCBI数据库中的豆科其他物种HMGR的cDNA保守区设计引物,利用同源扩增和cDNA末端快速扩增技术从甘草根中获得目的基因;利用BLAST进行序列比对,ORF Finder寻找开发阅读框,Prosite分析蛋白质的基本结构域,Clustal x比对已有HMGR的氨基酸序列,并构建进化树.结果:得到1个全长为1 842 bp的HMGR的cDNA序列,含有1 722 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码573个氨基酸,具有HMGR家族的特异序列,推测的氨基酸序列与豌豆、蒺藜苜蓿的氨基酸序列一致性分别为84%,76%.结论:对甘草HMGR基因的cDNA进行了克隆,为进一步研究3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A在甘草酸生物合成途径中的作用提供了理论依据.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses

A survey of medicinal plants used to treat common mycoses was done in the Curituba district, Sergipe State, Brazil. One hundred inhabitants were interviewed by health agents and traditional healers. Four different plants were the most cited (more than 50% of the citations): Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Bumelia sartorum and Hymenea courbaril. The aqueous extracts obtained following traditional methods and using different parts of these plants, were submitted to drop agar diffusion tests for primary antimicrobial screening. Only the water infusion extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis presented a significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fonsecaea pedrosoi, when compared to the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive extracts was evaluated by the microdilution method. Best activity with a MIC of 6.5 microg/ml for both extracts was observed against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida guilliermondii. Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis extracts presented also low acute toxicity in murine models. The present study validates the folk use of these plant extracts and indicates that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal infections.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。     

中药材骨碎补及其混淆品的显微鉴定方法研究

目的:为中药材骨碎补正品及其混淆品提供科学可行的显微鉴定方法。方法:通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及石蜡切片方法对骨碎补正品的来源植物槲蕨Drynaria roosii及其混淆品来源植物川滇槲蕨D.delavayi、栎叶槲蕨D.quer-cifolia和崖姜Pseudodrynaria coronans的根状茎鳞片的形态特征进行观察、测定并进行数据分析。结果:槲蕨、川滇槲蕨和崖姜之间在鳞片长度方面两两比较均出现显著性差异;川滇槲蕨鳞片锯齿呈不均匀分布且多发生弯曲,有重锯齿现象;槲蕨、栎叶槲蕨和崖姜的鳞片基均着生于表皮凹陷处,而川滇槲蕨鳞片基着生于表皮凸起处。结论:几种材料的根状茎鳞片有显著差异,可以作为鉴别骨碎补正品槲蕨及其混淆品的依据。     

2种黔产淫羊藿总黄酮对免疫功能影响的比较研究

目的:比较2种黔产淫羊藿总黄酮(TFE)对CTX小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:采用CTX造免疫低下小鼠模型,同时给药10d,以体重、脾重、脾指数,血清溶血素浓度,血清TNF-α及IL-2含量为指标,观察2种TFE增强免疫作用,并比较其差异.结果:单次ip CTX 80m9·kg(-1),使正常小鼠的脾指数、血清溶血素水平、IL-2和TNF-α含量明显下降;ig 2种TFE1.3,0.65g·kg(-1)10d,可使体重、脾重、睥指数上升(P<0.01),下降的溶血素值回升(P<0.01),以及下降的IL-2和TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.01).结论:2种黔产淫羊藿TFE对CTX小鼠的非特异免疫和特异免疫功能都具有明显增强作用;但2种黔产淫羊藿茎叶TFE增强免疫作用差异不明显.提示TFE中除了淫羊藿苷(ICA)外,尚有其他增强免疫的有效成分.