高碘对原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞凋亡影响的实验研究

目的研究高碘对原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞凋亡的影响，并对其机制作初步探讨。方法采用体外新生大鼠皮层神经细胞培养法观察不同浓度的碘化钾对神经细胞凋亡及其一氧化氮（NO）含量及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性的影响。结果高碘可以诱发原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞发生凋亡，细胞凋亡率随碘化物浓度的升高而升高，实验组细胞的NO含量及NOS活性较正常对照组增高。结论高碘可以诱导原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞发生凋亡，并呈剂量依赖关系，其机制可能与NOS活性及NO含量增高有关。     

高碘对大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞凋亡的诱导作用

目的 观察长期高碘对大鼠皮层神经细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法 断乳1月龄的SD大鼠随机分为三组,对照组、高碘Ⅰ组、高碘Ⅱ组,分别以含碘量为5μg/L、5000μg/L、10000μg/L的自来水及普通饲料喂养6个月,测定血清甲状腺激素（TT3、TT4）水平;透射电镜观察皮层神经元形态结构的改变;应用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率及细胞周期的变化;采用比色法检测大鼠皮层神经细胞一氧化氮（NO）含量和一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthse,NOS）的活性.结果 与对照组比较,高碘Ⅰ组、高碘Ⅱ组的血清TT3、TT4呈逐渐下降趋势,但各组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.超微结构观察,高碘组神经细胞核内染色质浓缩成块状,聚集在核膜边缘,形成新月状、马蹄状等不规则形态,核膜内陷、形成凋亡小体.流式细胞仪检测高碘组引起大鼠皮层神经细胞周期改变,细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）,同时高碘组NOS活性及NO含量显著降低,但两个高碘组之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）.结论 长期高碘可诱导大鼠皮层神经细胞损伤及凋亡,其机制可能与NOS活性及NO含量降低有关.     

瘦素对缺血缺氧损伤脑星形胶质细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究瘦素对缺血缺氧/复氧损伤星形胶质细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法 制作缺血缺氧大鼠脑皮质星形胶质细胞损伤模型,MTT法检测星形胶质细胞活力;采用Annexin V-FITC试剂盒检测星形胶质细胞凋亡;RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax、caspase-3的表达.结果 与缺血缺氧损伤组比较,瘦素干预组星形胶质细胞存活率升高(P<0.01)、凋亡率下降(P<0.01);抑凋亡基因bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平上调(P<0.01),促凋亡基因bax、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平下调(P<0.01),呈剂量依赖性.结论 瘦素能够使凋亡相关基因bcl-2表达上调、bax和caspase-3表达下调,从而抑制缺血缺氧损伤星形胶质细胞发生凋亡.     

红花注射液对肝星状细胞 HSC-T6 增殖、凋亡及凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的 研究红花注射液对肝星状细胞 (hepatic steuate cell,HSC) HSC-T6 增殖、凋亡及凋亡相关基因 bcl-2 及 bax mRNA 表达的影响。方法 体外培养 HSC 株,用不同质量浓度的红花注射液处理 HSC-T6,采用 MTT 法检测细胞增殖;采用 5、10、20 mg/mL 红花注射液干预细胞 24 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期;倒置显微镜下观察细胞凋亡形态学改变;并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测 DNA Ladder 凋亡梯度;Annexin V-FITC/PI 双染色流式细胞仪分析凋亡率;Real time-RT PCR检测凋亡相关基因 bcl-2、bax mRNA 的表达水平。结果 红花注射液对 HSC 增殖有明显的抑制作用,且作用呈剂量和时间依赖性;红花注射液 (10、20 mg/mL) 作用 24 h 流式细胞术测出 G0/G1 期细胞所占比例增多,与对照组比较差异显著 ( P ＜0.05、0.01);药物干预后细胞表现不同程度的凋亡,琼脂糖电泳可见 DNA 出现断裂、PI/Annexin V 双染流式细胞仪分析对照组凋亡率为 (0.73±0.33)%,红花注射液在 5、10、20 mg/mL 凋亡率分别为 (2.04±0.58)%、(9.46±1.29)%、(16.55±1.27)%,差异显著 ( P ＜0.01);Real time-RT-PCR 结果显示红花下调抗凋亡基因 bcl-2 的 mRNA 表达,同时上调 HSC-T6 的促凋亡基因 bax 的 mRNA 表达。结论 红花注射液能抑制 HSC 增殖及增殖周期,促进活化的 HSC 凋亡,其机制可能是调控 bcl-2/bax mRNA 的表达。     

氨基胍对大鼠脊髓压迫伤后后肢运动功能的影响

目的观察诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂-氨基胍(AG)对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能的影响。方法大鼠脊髓压迫伤后给予AG进行治疗,24 h后用分光光度法测定脊髓组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量和NOS活性;72 h后用流式细胞仪检测神经细胞凋亡情况;4周后用电生理和动物行为学等指标评价运动功能的恢复情况。以正常大鼠和损伤未治大鼠为对照。结果AG可以抑制组织中的NO含量和NOS活性,同时降低神经细胞的凋亡比率,提高动物后肢运动功能评分,恢复运动诱发电位的振幅和潜伏期,与对照及损伤未治大鼠相比均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论脊髓损伤后应用NOS抑制剂可以使伤后运动功能得到改善,提示iNOS活性变化可能对脊髓损伤的恢复更具决定作用,其作用机制与抑制伤后细胞凋亡有关。     

一氧化氮诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的变化

目的 探讨在一氧化氮(NO)诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的动态变化。方法 用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)诱导SMMC-7721和HepG2肝癌细胞株凋亡，RT-PCR的方法检测bcl-2、ba xmRNA表达水平，并采用凝胶分析系统进行半定量分析。结果 1．0mmol/L可降低SMMC-7721和HepG2细胞bcL2、bax mRNA的表达水平，提高bax/bc1-2 mRNA的比值并呈时间依赖性。HepG2细胞bcl-2和bax mRNA降低的幅度较SMMC-7721细胞小(P＜0．05)，开始变化的时间也较SMMC-7721细胞迟。结论 NO诱导肝癌细胞株的凋亡，可能与其bcl-2、bax mRNA表达水平变化导致bax/bc1-2 mRNA比值上升有关。     

促红细胞生成素对新生猪胰岛细胞 增殖分化和凋亡的影响

［摘要］目的：研究促红细胞生成素在体外对新生猪胰岛细胞增殖分化和凋亡的影响。方法：采用胶原酶消化和组织培养方法分离纯化新生猪胰岛细胞,检测其纯度和活性,再分为实验组和对照组。实验组培养基中添加促红细胞生成素（10.0 μmol/L）,对照组不添加促红细胞生成素,培养5 d后行低糖和高糖刺激胰岛素释放试验;并行细胞计数及MTT比色法测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞仪和EB/AO染色荧光检测细胞凋亡百分率,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,RT-PCR法检测胰岛细胞胰岛素促进因子-1(PDX-1),葡萄糖转运载体2（GlUT-2）,bcl-2,bax,caspase-3 mRNA的表达。结果：促红细胞生成素干预后新生猪胰岛细胞不改变形态和功能,对葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌的反应正常;细胞计数示实验组新生猪胰岛细胞数目均比对照组增多（P＜0.05）;随着培养时间延长,实验组和对照组吸光度值均呈上升趋势,且实验组的吸光度值均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,实验组PDX-1 mRNA表达稍有上调（P＜0.05）,而GlUT-2 mRNA表达无明显差别（P=0.34）。流式细胞仪和EB/AO染色荧光检测实验组的凋亡百分率均较对照组降低（P＜0.01）。RT-PCR示实验组bcl-2 mRNA较对照组上调,而bax和 caspase-3 mRNA明显下调（P＜0.01）。结论：促红细胞生成素在体外能促进新生猪胰岛细胞的增殖分化,对形态和功能无影响。促红细胞生成素对新生猪胰岛细胞有抗凋亡保护作用,可能是通过上调bcl-2 mRNA的表达,下调bax, caspase-3 mRNA的表达来实现的。     

全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物致人肝L-02细胞的凋亡作用

目的 研究全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)致人肝L-02细胞的凋亡作用及凋亡相关基因bax、bcl-2、caspase-9和caspase-3 mRNA表达的变化. 方法 当L-02细胞处于对数生长期时,分别加入不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 μmol/L)的PFOS处理24、48和72 h,MTT试验检测细胞的生存率;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;实时荧光定量PCR检测bax、bcl-2、caspase-9和caspase-3 mRNA的水平. 结果 PFOS能抑制L-02细胞的增长,诱导细胞凋亡,并伴随bax、caspase-9和caspase-3 mRNA水平的升高和bcl-2 mRNA水平的下降.当400 μmol/L PFOS处理L-02细胞48 h,bcl-2、bax、caspase-9和caspase-3分别是对照组的0.25、3.90、3.53和2.91倍,细胞凋亡率由对照组2.7%上升至24.3%. 结论 PFOS能抑制L-02细胞的生长,诱导细胞凋亡,其分子机制可能是上调bax、caspase-9、caspase-3基因和下调bcl-2基因的表达.     

链脲佐菌素对胰岛细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响

目的：观察链脲佐菌素对胰岛细胞凋亡和凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法：应用放射免疫法检测了低剂量链脲佐菌素培养后大鼠胰岛细胞高糖刺激后上清液的胰岛素水平；应用TUNEL法检测低剂量链脲佐菌素培养后大鼠胰岛细胞凋亡百分率；应用定量RT-PCR(QRT-PCR)检测培养后bcl-2、bax mRNA的表达；应用定量RT-PCR检测低剂量链脲佐菌素糖尿病大鼠胰岛bcl-2、bax mRNA的表达。结果：低剂量链脲佐菌素使原代培养的大鼠胰岛细胞胰岛素分泌功能明显下降；低剂量链脲佐菌素使大鼠胰岛细胞凋亡细胞比例明显增加，凋亡过程中，bax mRNA表达水平明显升高，bcl-2 mRNA表达水平明显下降；对低剂量链脲佐菌素糖尿病大鼠胰岛凋亡相关基因QRT-PCR检测也显示同样的结果。结论：低剂量链脲佐菌素可能通过诱导胰岛细胞凋亡导致糖尿病，其中bcl-2／bax mRNA表达比率变化可能起重要作用。     

氨氯地平对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡及bax和bcl-2表达的影响

目的探讨钙通道阻滞药氨氯地平(amlodipine)对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡及调控基因bax,bcl-2的影响,以及其防治糖尿病肾病的可能机制.方法通过高糖高脂膳食喂养SD雄性大鼠,诱发胰岛素抵抗,再注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱发高血糖,复制实验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型.实验分为 3组,对照组、糖尿病组和氨氯地平治疗组.分别于注射STZ第8和12周后各取6只大鼠,光镜观察肾脏病理改变,免疫组织化学检测大鼠肾组织bcl-2以及bax表达,流式细胞术检测大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡率及bcl-2、 bax表达.结果糖尿病组肾小球系膜基质增生,基底膜增厚及细胞外基质堆积;少部分肾小管轻度萎缩或管腔扩张,上皮细胞肿胀,胞浆内可见小脂肪空泡.流式细胞术结果显示:糖尿病组肾小球及肾小管凋亡率高于其他各组,治疗组肾小球及肾小管凋亡率与糖尿病组比较降低,且有统计学意义(P<0.05).免疫组织化学结果显示:bcl-2与bax在各组均有不同程度表达,糖尿病组bcl-2与bax表达增强,治疗组与糖尿病组比较bcl-2表达增强,bax表达减弱.结论细胞凋亡及相关基因 bcl-2/bax参与了糖尿病肾病的发病;氨氯地平可以通过bax表达下降、bcl-2 表达增加使肾脏细胞凋亡率减少从而达到保护肾脏的作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.