前路病灶清除植骨钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形

[目的]探讨前路病灶清除Ⅰ期植骨融合钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形的临床效果。[方法]回顾总结2000年2月~2003年5月行前路病灶清除Ⅰ期植骨融合钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形患者7例,包括植骨融合率、畸形矫正情况。[结果]术后6个月~1 a所有患者均显示骨性愈合,后凸畸形平均矫正17°,随访未发现后凸畸形加重。[结论]前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗脊柱结核是可行的、能促进骨融合、矫正后凸畸形。     

前路Ⅰ期病灶清除、植骨、内固定治疗脊柱结核(附37例报告)

观察前路Ⅰ期病灶清除、植骨、内固定治疗脊柱结核的疗效。方法 :1996年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月间采用该手术方法共治疗脊柱结核 37例。其中 :颈椎 3例 ,胸椎 5例 ,胸腰椎 17例 ,腰椎 12例 ;3例伴窦道形成 ;9例伴不同程度的脊髓和 (或 )神经根受压的症状 ;术前后凸成角 10°～ 72° ,平均 31°。结果 :平均随访 1.7年 ,优良率为 90 %,植骨融合率可达 95 %,后凸矫正角度 13°,术后无一例复发。结论 :前路彻底病灶清除、植骨、内固定治疗脊柱结核病灶清除彻底 ,有利于恢复脊柱的稳定性 ,提高骨融合率 ,可纠正及预防脊柱后凸畸形。     

一期手术内固定治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核

目的总结一期后路病灶清除、椎间植骨及后路手术内固定治疗胸腰段和腰段脊柱结核的临床疗效。探讨一期重建脊柱稳定性的必要性和安全性。方法自1999-2004年6月共收治24例胸腰段脊柱结核患者,采用一期后路病灶清除、椎体间植骨及后路内固定治疗,其中胸腰椎18例,腰椎6例,受累椎体5个椎体1例,3个椎体8例,2个椎体15例。结果经平均26个月随访,所有患者均临床治愈,无伤口感染或窦道形成,植骨完全融合,融合时间平均4.2个月。术前后凸畸形角度43°±10.6°,术后11.5°±8.3°。后凸畸形矫正角度为28.6°±9.3°。后期矫正度丢失为2.2°±3.3°。结论一期后路手术GSS固定治疗胸腰段脊柱结核能有效清除病灶,矫正后凸畸形,早期重建脊柱稳定性及促进椎体间植骨的融合,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

前路内固定矫正结核性脊柱畸形

目的　总结前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和前路内固定手术治疗结核性脊柱畸形的临床疗效 ,探讨前路内固定植入在脊柱结核外科治疗中的安全性和价值。　方法　 1997年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年5月 ,采用前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和一期前路内固定手术治疗脊柱结核 18例 ,其中颈椎 1例 ,胸椎10例 ,胸腰段 2例 ,腰椎 5例。平均每例受累椎体 2 8个。脊柱后凸畸形角度 2 7 0°～ 75 5°,平均47 5°± 11 4°。均采用髂骨植骨。　结果　 18例病例均获得随访 ,平均随访时间 2 5个月。所有病例均未出现伤口深部感染或窦道形成 ,植骨均完全融合 ,平均融合时间为 3 6个月。后凸畸形矫正度数为 32 7°± 8 3°,后期矫正度丢失 3 2°± 2 8°。　结论　前路内固定手术在脊柱外科治疗中能有效地达到矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性和促进椎体间植骨融合的目的 ,是一种安全和有效的治疗方法。     

一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

目的:评价一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法:采用一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合手术治疗胸、腰椎结核患者17例,按照Frankel分级评定患者手术前后的神经功能,根据X线片评价植骨融合时间,测量术前、术后后凸角度及随访期内的角度丢失。结果:17例患者结核病灶清除彻底,切口均Ⅰ期愈合、无窦道形成,结核治愈无复发。后凸畸形平均矫正19.2°;在随访期内,后凸畸形矫正有1°~4°丢失。X线片示植骨界面骨性融合时间平均5个月。3例出现并发症,对症处理后好转。结论:一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸、腰椎结核的疗效确切,具有迅速缓解症状、早期离床活动和较理想的脊柱矫形等优点,是治疗胸、腰椎结核的有效方法。     

一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的:总结一期前路病灶清除、自体骨椎间植骨融合、前路或后路内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的临床效果。方法:2002年2月～2006年2月手术治疗胸、腰椎结核86例,均采用一期前路病灶清除、自体骨椎间植骨,侧前方内固定52例,后路内固定34例。根据术前、术后X线平片分析植骨融合及脊柱后凸畸形矫正效果。结果:随访8个月～4年,平均23个月。除1例术后2周出现切口皮下血肿、4例1年后仍存在髂骨供骨区疼痛外,无其他并发症;无复发。均获骨性愈合,愈合时间3～7个月,平均4.5个月,无内固定松动、脱出及断裂;术前Cobb角平均为33.6°,术后1周及末次随访时Cobb角分别为平均15.6°、18.6°。结论:对胸、腰椎结核患者行一期前路病灶清除、自体骨椎间植骨融合、前路或后路内固定治疗可有效矫正脊柱后凸畸形,重建脊柱稳定性,获得良好的骨性融合,临床效果良好。     

脊柱结核外科治疗临床疗效分析

目的:探讨脊柱结核外科治疗临床疗效.方法:回顾分析120例胸腰椎结核分别采用单纯病灶清除33例;一期经前路病灶切除椎体间植骨并内固定49例;经后路病灶清除、植骨融合并内固定17例;前路病灶切除、椎体间植骨并后路内固定41例,术后随访对植骨融合、截瘫恢复和后凸畸形矫正情况分别评估.结果:随防2～3.5年(平均2.4年),所有病例术后症状消失,未植骨病例骨性愈合时间平均3个月,植骨病例骨性愈合时间平均4.5个月.术后后凸畸形平均矫正18.8°,末次随访矫正角度丢失平均3.1°,瘫痪患者术后一年Frankel分级明显提高;108例患者完全恢复正常工作和生活.结论:脊柱结核治疗必须遵循局部与系统兼顾的原则,针对不同个体采用与之相应的治疗方式,疗效满意.     

一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核临床观察

[目的] 探讨经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路/后路内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效.[方法] 对24例胸腰椎结核患者,经3～4周正规抗结核治疗,行前路病灶清除、椎间大块自体髂骨/肋骨植骨、一期前路/后路内固定术,术后继续抗结核治疗18～24个月.[结果] 1例脊柱结核复发(3%).23例植骨融合,植骨融合率为96.9%,植骨愈合时间 4～8个月(平均6个月).无窦道形成.脊柱后凸畸形平均矫正80%.[结论] 经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路/后路内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核能彻底清除结核病灶,对脊髓及神经根进行彻底减压,促进脊髓及神经功能恢复,矫正脊柱后凸畸形,同时一期建立和恢复脊柱的连续性和稳定性,促进脊柱植骨融合,提高脊柱结核的治愈率.     

脊柱结核一期手术治疗的围手术期处理

目的探讨一期手术治疗脊柱结核的围手术期处理问题.方法采用一期手术治疗胸、腰椎脊柱结核患者57例,其中经前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨并内固定35例,经后路病灶清除并内固定16例,后路内固定并前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨6例.采用钛合金材料内植入物38例,不锈钢材料内植入物19 例.围手术期处理主要包括规则化疗、支具保护及有效监测.结果 57例患者切口均一期愈合,无窦道形成.除3例失访外,54例获得随访,随访时间1～5年(平均2.2年),结核无局部复发,后凸畸形平均矫正21.6°.随访期内,有2°～4°角度丢失.植骨界面骨性融合时间平均3.8个月.10例出现化疗相关的并发症,需要调整化疗方案及接受治疗.结论一期手术治疗可以完成脊柱结核外科治疗的基本环节,具有明显的优越性.正确的围手术期处理对该术式的临床效果具有非常重要的作用.     

后路椎弓根系统内固定加前路植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

目的 :探讨应用后路椎弓根系统内固定加前路植骨融合术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床效果。方法 :回顾总结1 995年 3月至 2 0 0 0年 3月行后路椎弓根系统内固定同期前路植骨融合的胸腰椎结核患者 35例 ,包括植骨融合率、截瘫恢复情况和后凸畸形矫正状况。随访时间 1 5～ 5年 ,平均 3 4年。结果 :术后 1～ 1 5年所有患者均显示骨性融合 ;2 8例合并截瘫患者中 ,症状改善 2 6例 ,改善率 92 9% ;术后后凸畸形平均矫正 2 9 7° ,1 5～ 5年后随访 ,后凸角度平均丢失 2 9°。结论 :后路椎弓根系统内固定加前路植骨融合能加强脊柱的稳定性 ,促进骨融合和截瘫恢复 ,矫正后凸畸形     

脊柱前路手术的适应证

脊柱外科手术入路的选择常常取决于脊柱外科医师的手术技能。随着脊柱生物力学研究的深入、影像诊断技术的发展以及脊柱融合与内固定技术的进步 ,脊柱前路手术已作为许多脊柱疾患的常规治疗方法而逐渐普及。掌握适应证对于脊柱外科手术的成功至关重要 ,笔者就脊柱前路手术适应证的选择作一讨论。1　前方减压与稳定包括椎体和椎间盘在内的脊柱前部结构担负着脊柱的大部分生物力学功能 ,因而多数脊柱伤病系以累及脊柱前部结构为主。1.1　 感染与肿瘤　脊柱感染和肿瘤最容易累及的是椎体和椎间盘 ,经前路施行病灶清除及椎管减压手术常常为病情…     

侧方途径切除胸腰椎肿瘤和脊柱重建

目的探讨侧方入路手术途径切除胸腰椎肿瘤和重建脊柱稳定性的临床疗效和意义。方法29例T3～T4肿瘤患者，Frankel神经功能分级：A级3例，B级5例，C级7例，D级6例，E级8例。经侧方入路手术途径显露病椎前方、侧方和后方，切除肿瘤以及上下相邻椎间盘，然后根据肿瘤的具体情况进行不同肜式的脊柱稳定性的重建。结果围手术期无死亡病例，患者出院时Frankel神经功能分级，A级2例，B级3例．C级4例，D级4例，E级16例。术后获访23例，随访时间13～58个月，死亡4例；神经功能情况，13例较出院时有改善，加重1例。结论侧方入路手术途径无需经胸／腹膜腔，患者容易耐受手术，适合于某些胸腰椎肿瘤的切除和脊柱稳定性的重建。     

Atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis

Summary Twenty-three patients with atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis treated between 1975 and 1985, are described.All presented with signs and symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina, ranging from paraesthesiae and increasing weakness of extremities to paraplegia and loss of sphincter control. None of them showed visible or palpable spinal deformity nor the typical radiographic appearance of destruction of the intervertebral disc and the two adjoining vertebral bodies. These atypical forms constituted about 12 percent of all the cases of spinal tuberculosis seen (a total of 190 cases); and fell into three well-defined groups: those with the involvement of neural arch only; those with the inolvement of a single vertebral body; and, those without bony involvement. The correct surgical approach in these groups was found to be different: spinal cord compression caused by the tuberculous disease of the neural arch was best treated by laminectomy; whereas single vertebral body disease required an anterior or anterolateral approach. Spinal computerized tomography was helpful in defining the extent of disease and planning the surgical approach. Histological confirmation of tuberculosis was obtained in all the cases and acid fast bacilli (A.F.B.) were found in, and cultured from, the biopsy specimens of 18 cases.     

Incidence and significance of findings on spinal MRIs in a paediatric population with spinal column complaints

PurposeWe sought to identify correlations between working diagnosis, surgeon indication for obtaining spinal MRI and positive MRI findings in paediatric patients presenting with spinal disorders or complaints.MethodsSurgeons recorded their primary indication for ordering a spinal MRI in 385 consecutive patients. We compared radiologist-reported positive MRI findings with surgeon response, indication, working diagnosis and patient demographics.ResultsThe most common surgeon-stated indications were pain (70) and coronal curve characteristics (63). Radiologists reported 137 (36%) normal and 248 (64%) abnormal MRIs. In total, 58% of abnormal reports (145) did not elicit a therapeutic or investigative response, which we characterized as ‘clinically inconsequential’. In all, 42 of 268 (16%) presumed idiopathic scoliosis patients had intradural pathology noted on MRI.Younger age (10.3 years versus 12.0 years) was the only significant demographic difference between patients with or without intradural pathology. Surgeon indication ‘curve magnitude at presentation’ was associated with intradural abnormality identification. However, average Cobb angles between patients with or without an intradural abnormality was not significantly different (39° versus 37°, respectively). Back pain without neurological signs or symptoms was a negative predictor of intradural pathology.ConclusionRadiologists reported a high frequency of abnormalities on MRI (64%), but 58% of those were deemed clinically inconsequential. Patients with MRI abnormalities were two years’ younger than those with a normal or inconsequential MRI. ‘Curve magnitude at presentation’ in presumed idiopathic scoliosis patients was the only predictor of intrathecal pathology. ‘Pain’ was the only indication significantly associated with clinically inconsequential findings on MRI.Level of evidence:III     

椎管内肿瘤的诊断及手术治疗

探讨椎管内肿瘤的临床特点及手方法。方法１０３例椎管内肿瘤患者均经手术治疗,颈椎行单开门术暴露椎管,胸椎行全椎板切除,腰椎椎则行次全椎板切队鹘椎椎管内外哑铃型肿瘤分别采用颈前路和肋骨横突切除术入路。结果随访８２例平均随访时间３．５年,优良率为８１．７％。     

MR-imaging of chronic spinal cord injury. Association with neurologic function

Twenty-two para- and tetraplegic patients with chronic spinal cord injuries were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The clinical course in the entire rehabilitation period was recorded and an attempt was made to associate the functional status of the patients with the morphologic findings on MRI. Small and large spinal cord cysts and syringomyelia, cord atrophy, and spinal stenosis were found. Additionally, in a number of patients regions of increased signal intensity within the cord, interpreted as myelomalacia, and obliteration of the intradural extramedullary space, interpreted as arachnopathy, were noted. The large number (13/22) of cystic lesions in our patients was unexpected. It was in contrast to the rate reported in autopsy studies of paraplegics which note only few cysts. Whereas a direct association of morphologic findings with neurologic symptoms and the clinical course was difficult, it was found that patients with large cysts and spinal cord atrophy generally showed no tendency to improve in spite of the measures taken during the rehabilitation period. It is difficult to decide whether the initial trauma with cord hemorrhage is limiting the chance of neurological improvement or if a sequence of events leading from hemorrhage to gliosis and cystic necrosis is the determining factor.     

Double Noncontiguous Cervical Spinal Injuries

Summary. Summary.   Background: Double noncontiguous spinal injuries in the same patient, the first at the cervical level and the second at the thoracic or thoracolumbar level are not uncommon. On the other hand the incidence of double noncontiguous cervical injuries in low and these injuries imply complex mechanisms. This study investigates the cases of double noncontiguous cervical lesions in 342 cases of acute cervical injuries.   Method: An analysis of 342 patients with cervical injuries found 67 multiple cervical injuries and only 11 cases of double noncontiguous cervical lesions.   Findings and Interpretation: Double noncontiguous cervical injuries have a frequency of 3.2% in this study and in three cases there were pre-existing benign cervical lesions. A possible spinal biomechanical behaviour during injury can be that the first lesion appears because of the traumatic impact and there is a uniform transmission of the remaining traumatic strain all along the spine. It seems that the propagated force finds a spinal zone where the spinal resistance is diminished and the second spinal lesion can occur. Spinal vulnerability for the second lesion in the same trauma can be caused by a pre-existing benign spinal lesion or by a biomechanical discontinuity because of a particular posture at the traumatic moment. The second lesion in double noncontiguous cervical lesions can appear through a single great impact in pre-existing lesions, double impacts at the same time with injuries at two cervical levels or repeated cervical impacts in very quick succession in the same trauma. Published online July 18, 2002     

Somatosensory evoked potential

Summary Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have been used to help minimize neurologic morbidity during spinal surgery. While this is a sensory test it has been used as an inference of motor function. The failure to always achieve the latter goal has resulted in some pessimism regarding the value of this test. In this series of 161 operations in 150 patients, it was demonstrated that SSEPs were recordable under anesthesia in 87% of patients. Of these patients, 12% had their spinal surgery interrupted due to significant neurophysiologic changes; of these patients, 18% had new neurologic deficits postoperatively. There were no cases with new neurologic deficits who had no changes in their SSEPs. It was concluded that SSEP monitoring may be helpful in identifying potentially neurologically threatening surgical maneuvers in a significant number of patients.     

椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折

目的探讨椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法在C臂X线机监测下对20例36个椎体行椎体成形术(均为后壁完整疼痛剧烈老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折).观察术后症状改善情况,分析并发症.结果20例椎体成形术术后均未出现肺栓塞、神经损伤等并发症,CT检查无椎管内或椎间孔渗漏.术后随访5～18个月,17例疼痛消失,2例明显减轻,1例缓解.结论椎体成形术是治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折安全有效的方法.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折损伤部位和椎管内占位程度与神经损伤的关系

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折骨折部位及椎管内骨块占位程度与神经损伤的关系。方法对213例胸腰椎爆裂骨折根据骨折部位及CT测出的椎管内骨折骨块占位程度与神经损伤进行分析评定。结果神经损伤组椎管骨折骨块占位程度明显高于无神经损伤组;在有神经损伤情况下,骨折部位椎管内骨块占位程度腰段大于胸腰段;神经损伤程度与椎管内骨块占位程度无显著相关。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位压迫是神经损伤的重要因素;神经损伤与骨折部位和椎管内骨块占位程度联合相关。