长期摄入含贫铀的饲料对雄性大鼠的遗传毒性研究

目的:大鼠长期食入一定剂量的贫铀后是否会产生遗传毒性. 方法: 给予初断乳大鼠含贫铀饲料,摄入的剂量分别为0,0.4,4,40 mg/(kg·d),4 mo后,观察亲代(F0代)和子代(F1代)大鼠精子畸形率,骨髓细胞微核率的改变,用单细胞凝胶电泳法研究贫铀对精子DNA的损伤程度. 结果: 摄入小剂量贫铀的F0代大鼠精子畸形率和彗星细胞的各指标与正常组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 但中、高剂量组F0和F1代的精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率和彗星细胞率均增加(P＜0.01),并与摄入贫铀的剂量和摄入时间呈一定的相关关系. 结论: 长期摄入一定剂量的贫铀可对大鼠产生遗传毒性.     

异丙莠对小鼠的致突变作用研究

目的 观察异丙莠对雄性小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞的致突变作用.方法 将体质量20～26 g(精子畸形实验小鼠为15～18 g)健康小鼠125只随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照组(蒸馏水)、阳性对照组(环磷酰胺)和异丙莠染毒3个剂量组(剂量分别为30.0、60.0、120.0 mg/kg),分4次腹腔注射染毒,每次间隔24 h,观察小鼠骨髓细胞微核率、外周血微核率、骨髓细胞染色体畸变率、精子畸形率以及睾丸染色体畸变率.结果 异丙莠染毒120 mg/kg剂量组骨髓微核发生率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);异丙莠染毒60、120 mg/kg剂量组外周血微核发生率和精子畸形率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);异丙莠染毒各剂量组致骨髓染色体和睾丸染色体畸变率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05).结论 异丙莠对小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞均具有致突变性,具有一定的遗传毒性和生殖毒性作用.     

甲醛对雄性Wistar大鼠生殖毒性的影响研究

目的:探索不同剂量的甲醛对雄性大鼠精子畸形率、骨髓微核率、血清睾酮水平以及睾丸组织的影响。方法:选择性成熟Wistar大鼠40只随机分成5组:0.9%氯化钠注射液组（阴性对照组）和高、中、低剂量甲醛染毒组（20 mg·kg-1·d-1、2 mg·kg-1·d-1、0.2 mg·kg-1·d-1）及50 mg·kg-1·d-1环磷酰胺组（阳性对照组）。通过腹腔注射染毒1周,测定血清睾酮水平,染毒结束后2 d摘眼球采血,颈椎脱臼法处死大鼠,统计精子畸形率和骨髓微核率,对大鼠睾丸做石蜡组织切片,观察睾丸组织损伤情况。结果:精子畸形率:与阴性对照组比较,中、低剂量染毒组精子畸形率上升（P<0.05）,高剂量染毒组和阳性对照组精子畸形率上升更明显（P<0.01）;骨髓微核率:与阴性对照组比较,中、低剂量染毒组骨髓微核率上升不明显（P>0.05）,高剂量染毒组和阳性对照组上升明显（P<0.01）;血清睾酮水平:与阴性对照组比较,高、中、低剂量染毒组和阳性对照组血清睾酮水平均明显降低（P<0.01）。睾丸石蜡切片显示高剂量染毒组组织损伤严重。结论:甲醛可以引起雄性大鼠精子畸形,增加骨髓微核率,降低血清睾酮水平,对雄性大鼠具有一定的生殖及遗传毒性。     

辛硫磷和灭多威混配对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用

目的 观察辛硫磷和灭多威对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的联合毒性作用.方法 选择健康成年雄性昆明种小鼠64只,随机分为两批,每批随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为:阴性对照组(灌胃等容量蒸馏水)、辛硫磷组(1/80LD50,25mg/kg体重)、灭多威组(1/80LD50,0.125mg/kg体重)、灭多威+辛硫磷混配组(1/80LD50+1/80LD50,0.125mg/kg+0.125mg/kg).第一批实验动物连续经口染毒4d,每天1次,于染毒后第5天颈椎脱臼法处死,取小鼠右侧睾丸进行制片观察睾丸微核.第二批小鼠连续经口灌胃染毒30d,每天1次,于末次染毒后处死,测量小鼠脏器重量,精子参数(精子计数、活率和畸形率),睾丸牛殖细胞的凋亡.结果 辛硫磷、灭多威单剂使睾丸生殖细胞微核率明显增加,精子活率降低、精子畸形率增加(P<0.05或P<0.01).辛硫磷+灭多威混配引起睾丸生殖细胞微核率明显增加,精子活率降低、精子畸形率增加(P<0.05或P<0.01).存在交互作用.结论 辛硫磷和灭多威混配对雄性小鼠生殖系统存在联合毒性作用,使睾丸生殖细胞微核率增加、精子活率降低、精子畸形率增加,睾丸牛殖细胞凋亡水平增加,均表现为拮抗作用;辛硫磷和灭多威混剂可能是通过诱导生殖细胞凋亡的和生殖细胞微核率增加,进而影响精子的质量.     

贫铀长期植入对大鼠肾脏损伤效应的研究

目的研究贫铀植入后不同时相点对大鼠肾脏的损伤效应。方法采用初成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠分别植入贫铀片,观察大鼠接触贫铀后3、6、12、18月其肾脏超微结构和病理形态学改变,肾功能检测和胶原染色,并采用免疫荧光和蛋白印记杂交检测肾脏不同时间段纤维化相关因子TGF—β1与Smad表达。结果植入贫铀后不同时间段大鼠肾脏出现不同程度的病理改变,表现为肾小球固缩、后继肾小管萎缩和局部肾间质纤维组织增生以及炎性细胞浸润。纤维化程度随接触时间延长而加重。胶原染色显示胶原分布主要位于肾小管周围,且具有区域性。TGF—β1与Smad是肾脏组织纤维化进程中重要的细胞因子。Western Blot分析显示贫铀接触后大鼠肾脏中TGF—β1与Smad均有不同程度的增加。结论贫铀长时间植入后大鼠肾脏可出现病理学及超微结构的改变,TGF—β1与Smad参予了其纤维化进程。     

贫铀长期摄入对大鼠肾脏损伤效应的研究

目的研究贫铀摄入后不同时相点对大鼠肾脏的损伤效应。方法雄性Wistar大鼠40只,其中20只以含有50μg／L和70μg／kg的贫铀饮水及饲料喂食大鼠作为摄入组。观察大鼠接触贫铀后3、6、12、18个月大鼠肾脏超微结构和病理形态学改变,肾功能检测和胶原染色,并采用免疫荧光和蛋白印记杂交检测肾脏不同时间段纤维化相关因子TGF-β1、Smad、TIMP和MMP-9表达。结果大鼠摄入贫铀后不同时间段大鼠肾脏出现不同程度的病理改变,表现为肾小球固缩、后继肾小管萎缩和局部肾间质纤维组织增生以及炎性细胞浸润。纤维化程度随接触时间延长而加重。胶原染色显示胶原分布主要位于肾小管周围,且具有区域性。Western出境blot分析显示贫铀接触后大鼠肾脏中TGF-β1等纤维化相关因子蛋白含量均有不同程度的增加（P〈0．05）。结论贫铀长时间暴露后大鼠肾脏可出现病理学及超微结构的改变,TGF-β1、Smad、TIMP和MMP-9均参与了其纤维化进程。     

维生素C对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯雄性大鼠生殖毒性的保护作用

目的 观察邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-butylphthalate，DBP)所致雄性生殖毒性效应，并探讨维生素C(vitamin C，Vit C)对DBP所致SD雄性大鼠生殖功能受损的干预调节作用。 方法 将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分组，分别为正常对照组，DBP低、中、高剂量组(DBP 100、500、1 000 mg/kg体重)，VitC对照组(30 mg/kg体重)与VitC与DBP高剂量联合干预组。灌胃干预21 d，检测大鼠脏器重量及血液生化各项指标，大鼠精子活力、浓度、畸形率，以及检测血清睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平。 结果 与正常对照组相比，DBP高剂量组大鼠睾丸减轻，睾丸脏体比下降，部分血生化指标异常，精子活力下降、畸形率升高，血清T、LH、FSH水平显著下降，差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；与DBP高剂量组相比，VitC干预组大鼠睾丸组织损伤有不同程度的恢复，精子活力、畸形率，以及血清T、LH、FSH水平差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01)。 结论 DBP可致大鼠睾丸萎缩，精子活力下降，精子畸形率增高；DBP可致血清T、LH、FSH水平降低。VitC可提高血清LDH水平和T、LH、FSH水平，改善DBP所致大鼠精子活力下降，降低精子畸形率，为进一步开展DBP生殖毒性的预防干预提供理论依据。      

山萸肉水提液对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞、睾丸染色体和精子的致突变性

目的 :探讨山萸肉水提液对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞、睾丸染色体和精子的致突变性。方法 :采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞 (PCE)微核法、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验和小鼠精子畸形试验 ,观察不同剂量山萸肉水提液 (10g/kg,5g/kg ,2 .5g/kg)和阴性对照 (蒸馏水 )、阳性对照 (环磷酰胺 )作用后 ,小鼠染色体畸变率、精子畸形率及PCE微核率。结果 :山萸肉水提物的各个剂量组小鼠睾丸染色体畸变率、小鼠精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率 ,与阴性对照组相比 ,差异均无统计学意义 ;但与阳性对照组相比 ,差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :山萸肉水提液对小鼠均没有染色体与细胞水平上的损伤作用 ,不能引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的升高。     

辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性作用的实验研究

目的 研究辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用.方法 48只健康昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为6组,每组8只.实验设4个不同剂量辛硫磷染毒组、阴性对照组（玉米油）和阳性对照组（环磷酰胺40mg/kg）,均采用腹腔注射染毒方式.首次染毒后第35d处死小鼠,观察睾丸及附睾脏器系数、精子数量、精子活率、精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率的变化.结果 除最低剂量组外,各染毒组精子数量均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.01）;精子活率各染毒组均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率各染毒组均高于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.结论 辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖系统有一定毒性作用,主要引起精子数量、精子活率的降低和精子畸形率的增加,并具有致突变作用.     

8 Hz/130 dB次声对大鼠睾丸超微结构的影响

目的:应用透射电镜技术观察8 Hz/130 dB次声作用后的雄性大鼠睾丸细胞超微结构变化,探讨次声对大鼠睾丸超微结构的影响. 方法:将48只SD雄性大鼠随机分为1,7,14,21 d和4个相应的对照组,每组6只. 实验组动物次声作用2 h/d. 对照组动物置于同一次声压力舱内,不予次声作用. 于次声作用后不同时间点(1,7,14 d)取睾丸组织,透射电镜下观察. 结果:随着次声作用时间的增加,睾丸细胞超微结构损伤加重,细胞凋亡增加、畸形精子增多. 次声作用终止后7 d,各种细胞超微结构的急性变化基本消失,细胞凋亡下降;14 d后7,14,21 d组畸形精子仍显著高于对照组. 结论: 8 Hz/130 dB次声作用可导致大鼠睾丸超微结构损伤、细胞凋亡、畸形精子增加,具有明显的量效关系;8 Hz/130 dB次声作用终止后,各种细胞急性变化恢复较快,但精子畸形恢复较慢.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.