尼可刹米对新生大鼠海马神经元钠通道的影响

目的:观察尼可刹米对新生大鼠海马神经元电压依赖性钠通道的影响.方法:制备大鼠海马脑组织切片,灌流含5 mg/L尼可刹米的人工脑脊液,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录给药前、给药后10 min脑组织切片海马神经元电压依赖性钠电流,绘制给药前后钠通道的钠电流一测试电压(I-V)曲线、稳态激活曲线和稳态失活曲线.结果:尼可刹米在脑电位-50-+20 mV范围内增大钠电流.尼可刹米使钠通道稳态激活曲线中钠通道半数激活电压由(-34.6±3.07)mV变为(-37.63±3.37)mV(t=3.38,P=0.02),曲线向超极化方向变化;尼可刹米使钠通道的稳态失活曲线中钠通道半数失活电压由(-43.36±3.06)mV变为(-33.24±2.05)mV(t=6.13,P=0.002),曲线向去极化方向变化.结论:增加电压依赖性钠电流可能是尼可刹米兴奋中枢神经元的作用机制之一.     

东亚钳蝎毒素多肽对河豚毒素敏感型钠电流的作用

目的:蝎毒素是一种神经毒素,其对周围神经系统钠通道的作用尚不十分清楚,仍有许多疑题待研究.文中研究东亚钳蝎毒素多肽224(BmK224)对大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元电压依赖性河豚毒素敏感型钠电流(TTX-S INa)的影响.方法:分离单个DRG神经元,应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察BmK224对TTX-S INa的影响.结果:BmK224浓度依赖性地抑制TTX-S INa,40μg/ml BmK224使TTX-S INa稳态激活和失活曲线都向超极化方向移动,复活时间延长.可激活通道数增加. 结论:BmK224影响钠通道激活失活过程的作用机制可能是所含的α-蝎毒素使钠通道构象发生改变.     

同型半胱氨酸对豚鼠心房肌细胞钠电流作用的研究

目的 研究同型半胱氨酸对豚鼠心房肌细胞钠通道的作用.方法 应用Langendorff装置分离单个豚鼠心房肌细胞,运用全细胞膜片钳技术检测同型半胱氨酸对心肌离子通道的作用.结果 同型半胱氨酸可以明显地增加豚鼠心房肌细胞上的钠电流,50μmol/L同型半胱氨酸可以增加钠电流47.1%,而500μmol/L同型半胱氨酸可增加钠电流115.7%,同型半胱氨酸对钠电流作用的半数有效浓度为(90.8±18.6)μmol/L,50μmol/L同型半胱氨酸可使钠通道的最大激活电位由-30mV升至-20mV;而通道动力学研究显示,同型半胱氨酸可以明显地延迟钠通道的失活和加快钠通道的复活.结论 同型半胱氨酸可以明显地增加豚鼠心房肌细胞钠电流,改变钠通道的最大激活电位,其主要是通过抑制钠通道失活过程增加钠电流的幅度.     

尼可刹米对新生大鼠大脑皮层神经元钠通道的兴奋作用

目的 观察尼可刹米对新生大鼠皮层神经元电压依赖性钠通道的作用.方法 应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察尼可刹米对新生大鼠脑片皮层神经元电压依赖性钠电流的作用.结果 尼可刹米增加皮层神经元河豚毒素(TTX)敏感性电压依赖钠电流;尼可刹米使钠通道稳态激活曲线向超极化方向移动,钠通道半数激活电压(V1/2)从给予尼可刹米前的(-34.67±3.07)mV变为给予尼可刹米后的(-37.63±3.37)mV(n=10,P<0.05);尼可刹米使钠通道的稳态失活曲线向去极化方向移动,钠通道半数失活电压(V1/2)从给予尼可刹米前的(-43.36±3.06)mV变为给予尼可刹米后的(-33.24±2.05)mV(n=10,P<0.01).结论 尼可刹米通过改变皮层神经元钠通道的动力学特征来增加电压依赖性钠电流,这可能是尼可刹米兴奋中枢神经元的作用机制之一.     

降钙素基因相关肽对大鼠海马神经细胞钠离子通道的作用

目的 研究降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin gene-related peptide，CGRP）对大鼠海马神经细胞钠离子通道的作用。方法 选用1～7d SD大鼠，以酶消化加吸管吹打法急性分离其海马神经元细胞，用全细胞膜片钳。技术，记录10^-3mol／L CGRP对大鼠海马神经细胞钠通道电流、电流。电压曲线、激活曲线及稳态失活曲线的影响，随后观察CGRP1受体阻断剂CGRP8-37对CGRP的药理阻断效应。结果 ①CGRP可以使大鼠海马神经细胞钠通道电流的峰值增加41％；②CGRP使其钠离子通道电流的激活曲线和稳态失活曲线产生显著的向超极化（负值）方向移动10mV左右；③CGRP8．37可以阻断CGRP的上述作用。结论 ①CGRP能够增加海马神经元钠离子通道的电流幅度；②CGRP可影响钠离子通道的激活和失活过程。     

腺苷对原代培养的大鼠海马神经元大电导钙激活钾通道的作用

目的在离子通道水平研究腺苷对原代培养的大鼠海马神经元大电导钙激活钾通道(BKCa)的作用。方法采用新生24h的乳鼠,取出海马,清除表面血管,以胰酶消化和巴氏管吹打的方法制备海马神经元,细胞培养6～8d后,MAPⅡ染色鉴别神经元表面标志;采用全细胞膜片钳技术,对细胞进行封接、破膜并记录BKCa通道电流,以细胞旁方式给药观察不同浓度腺苷对BKCa通道的作用。结果原代培养的海马神经元上可以成功记录到BKCa电流,其为一组幅值较大,可以快速激活且几乎不失活的外向电流;腺苷(1～100μmol/L)可以增大BKCa电流,浓度越高,增长幅度越大;100μmol/L腺苷对BKCa电流的影响具有电压依赖性,同时它还可以使BKCa电流的激活曲线负向漂移。结论腺苷可以增大海马神经元BKCa电流幅值,这可能是腺苷作为内源性抗癫痫物质发挥抗癫痫作用的机制之一。     

妥泰对急性分离的大鼠海马神经元钠电流的影响

目的　在离子通道水平探讨妥泰 (Topiramax ,TPM)对大鼠海马神经元细胞的钠通道的作用。 方法　采用 7～ 10d的大鼠 ,以链霉素蛋白酶E加吸管吹打法制备海马神经元 ;利用全细胞膜片钳技术 ,观察TPM对急性分离大鼠海马神经元电压依赖性钠通道的作用。结果　TPM使这种河豚毒素 (Tetrodotoxin ,TTX)敏感的内向电流幅值减小 (n =2 7) ,这种作用具有浓度依赖性 ,它还可以使钠电流的稳态失活曲线负向漂移 (n =5 )。结论　TPM具有传统抗痫药物对钠电流的类似作用     

氯胺酮对大鼠海马神经元高电压激活钙电流的作用

目的 观察氯胺酮对大鼠海马神经元高电压激活钙电流(ICa(HVA))的影响.方法 培养Wistar大鼠海马神经元,采用全细胞膜片钳技术测定ICa(HVA).加用不同浓度(10、30、100、300、1000μmol/L)氯胺酮后,计算ICa(HVA)抑制率,建立氯胺酮的浓度-效应曲线,选择100μmol/L氯胺酮作ICa(HVA)稳态激活(及失活)曲线.结果 10 μmol/L 的氯胺酮对ICa(HVA)的电流幅度无影响;30、100、300和1000μmol/L的氯胺酮对ICa(HVA)的电流幅度抑制率分别为(17.5±4.5)%、(25.5±6.9)%、(38.5±4.1)%和(42.3±4.6)%.拟合后的浓度-效应曲线的半数最大抑制浓度为68.2μmol/L,希尔系数为0.47.激活曲线的最大激活膜电位由(5.4±0.9)mV 变为(5.3±0.8)mV;失活曲线的半数最大激活膜电位从(-26.7±3.9) mV移动到(-32.8±4.2)mV,斜率从-0.0067±0.0002变为-0.0076±0.0002.结论 氯胺酮对ICa(HVA)通道有抑制作用,氯胺酮对中枢神经系统的作用可能与ICa(HVA)抑制有关.     

地昔帕明对大鼠背根神经节神经元钠电流的影响

目的:研究地昔帕明(desipramine,DMI)对大鼠背根神经节神经元电压依赖性钠电流的影响。方法:分离单个大鼠背根神经节,应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察地昔帕明对内向钠电流(INa)的影响。结果:地昔帕明浓度依赖性地抑制INa,即分别加入10,50,100μmol/L的DMI可使钠电流的抑制率达(5.56±0.62)%,(54.67±13.39)%和(86.63±16.08)%,并且,50μmol/L的DMI可使INa稳态失活曲线左移,V1/2分别由对照组的-(43.71±0.79)mV降低至-(47.91±1.14)mV,k值无明显变化。结论:DMI浓度依赖性地抑制背根神经节神经元Na+通道,并改变通道的失活,这可能是其影响痛觉传导通路,产生镇痛作用的机制之一。     

加巴喷丁对急性分离大鼠三叉神经节神经元高电压激活钙电流的影响

目的:评价加巴喷丁对急性分离大鼠三叉神经节神经元高电压激活钙电流的影响.方法:清洁级SD雄性大鼠,150～200 g,酶消化急性分离双侧三叉神经节神经元,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录三叉神经节神经元高电压激活钙电流.记录加巴喷丁10、30、100 μmol/L (G1-3组,n=10)作用下的钙电流,计算电流抑制率;并绘制浓度依赖曲线和100 μmol/L加巴喷丁作用下钙电流-电压曲线、钙通道激活曲线和稳态失活曲线.计算半数激活电压和半数失活电压.结果:加巴喷丁(10、30、100 μmol/L)均能抑制三叉神经节神经元钙电流(P<0.05),且抑制率随浓度增加而增大(P<0.05).加入100 μmol/L加巴喷丁后,钙电流峰值降低,激活曲线和稳态失活曲线分别向超极化方向移动,半数激活电压和半数失活电压均降低(P<0.05),且稳态失活曲线移动程度大于激活曲线.结论:加巴喷丁能够抑制三叉神经节神经元高电压激活钙电流,可能与其主要改变钙通道失活动力学特征有关.该作用可能为加巴喷丁治疗三叉神经痛作用机制之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.