肾盂鳞状细胞癌临床特点分析

目的 探讨肾盂鳞状细胞癌的诊治特点.方法 回顾性分析1991年10月至2009年5月收治8例肾盂鳞状细胞癌患者资料.临床表现血尿8例,腰痛7例,腹部包块1例.B超检查8例,IVU检查8例,CT检查4例.术前诊断为肿瘤3例,诊断为肾结石5例,结石术中发现肿瘤并经冰冻病理确诊2例.8例患者均经手术治疗,行根治性肾输尿管切除4例、单纯性肾切除3例、姑息性切除术1例.结果 8例病理诊断均为鳞状细胞癌.中分化6例,高分化和低分化各1例;pT1 1例,pT2 1例,pT3 3例,pT4 3例;淋巴结转移2例.获随访7例,失访1例.术后生存时间2～42个月,中位时间6个月,患者均死于肿瘤复发及转移.结论 肾盂鳞状细胞癌恶性程度高,常合并结石,术前诊断困难,确诊时多为中晚期,术后短期内易复发转移,预后极差.

Abstract：

Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis. Methods The clinical data from October 1991 to May 2009 of eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. The symptoms of the patients were hematuria (eight cases), pain (seven cases) and abdominal mass (one case). All patients underwent B-ultrasound and IVU examination and four cases underwent CT scan. Three cases were diagnosed as having a tumor before surgery. Five cases were diagnosed as renal calculus, two of the five cases were diagnosed by intraoperative frozen section. Radical nephroureterectomy were performed in four cases, nephrectomy in three cases and palliative resection in one case. Results Histological classification revealed that six cases were moderately differentiated, one case was well differentiated and one case was poorly differentiated. Two cases had stage pT1/pT2 and six cases had stage pT3/pT4. 2 cases had regional lymph nodes metastasis. Seven cases were followed-up. All patients died of tumor recurrence or metastasis. The median tumor specific survive time was six months (range from two months to 42 months). Conclusions Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis is often occurs concurrently with urolithiasis which could lead to difficulty in diagnose before operation. As the most of the patients were diagnosed with advanced stage disease, squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis tended to early recurrence and metastasis and the prognosis was very poor.     

肾透明细胞癌基因表达谱的研究

目的 研究肾透明细胞癌组织与癌旁正常肾组织基因表达谱的差异,揭示和发现肾透明细胞癌的肿瘤相关基因.方法 应用Agilent Human 1B寡核苷酸基因芯片,检测3例肾透明细胞癌患者的癌组织和1例肾透明细胞癌的癌旁正常肾组织的基因表达谱.结果 在检测的20 173个基因中,共筛选出差异表达基因204个,其中共同上调基因31个,共同下调基因173 个,包括6个尚未被GenBank收录的人类新基因.结论 肾透明细胞癌的发生与染色体基因结构异常相关,异常基因有相对集中区域,如3p、14q和5q等.     

荧光原位杂交技术在膀胱癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在膀胱癌诊断中的价值,并与常规的尿脱落细胞学对比.方法 收集100例疑似尿路移行上皮细胞肿瘤的血尿患者在行膀胱镜检查之前的尿液标本,分别做尿细胞学检测和荧光原位杂交分析.20例正常人尿液标本,用于建立FISH阈值,作为阳性判断的标准.结果 细胞学和FISH的总体灵敏度分别为43.2%、82.4%,特异度分别为:92.3%、88.5%,诊断符合率分别为:56.0%、84.0%,细胞学和FISH在灵敏度、诊断符合率、非浸润性肿瘤和初发肿瘤等方面的差异均有统计学意义.结论 在膀胱癌诊断中FISH较常规细胞学具有较高的灵敏度和诊断符合率,更易检出早期肿瘤.     

肿瘤坏死灶与肾嫌色细胞癌预后的关系评估

目的 提高对肾嫌色细胞癌(CRCC)的诊治水平,并评估肿瘤坏死灶对CRCC预后的影响. 方法 回顾性分析2001年3月-2007年8月南方医科大学南方医院进行的257例肾癌手术,分析其中18例CRCC的临床及病理资料(采用吻合度测量系数Kappa),比较术前CT扫描及术后病理检查对肿瘤坏死灶的诊断一致性,观察肿瘤坏死灶与CRCC临床病理指标的关系,并结合文献复习讨论. 结果 本组病例中CRCC的发病率为7.0%(18/257),患者平均58.3±15.6(17～78)岁,肿瘤直径为5.6±4.8cm;TNM病理分期:T1aN0M0期6例,T1b N0M0期4例,,T2N0M0期3例,T3aN0M03例,T3cN1M02例;Fuhrman病理分级:G1-G2 13例,G3-G4 5例.共15例获得随访,随访期6～60个月,平均31.1±6.2个月,其中1例于术后7个月出现骨转移,2例于术后10、12个月时出现肝转移,其他随访病例未见转移;术前CT与术后病理对肿瘤坏死灶的诊断基本一致(Kappa=0.76),存在肿瘤坏死灶的CRCC直径多＞7cm(P＜0.05),且以高分级、高分期肿瘤多见(P＜0.05). 结论 CRCC大多分期、分级较低,预后相对较好.肿瘤坏死与肿瘤直径、分级、分期相关,术前发现CT坏死灶对预测肿瘤的侵袭性具有重要意义.     

肾盂鳞状细胞癌伴同侧输尿管鳞状细胞癌2例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨肾孟鳞状细胞癌伴同侧输尿管鳞癌的临床病理特征.方法 回顾性分析2例肾盂鳞癌伴同侧输尿管鳞癌患者的临床病理资料.病例1男,68岁,血尿1月入院,CT检查示右肾盂及输尿管下段占位,行根治性肾输尿管切除加膀胱袖套状切除术.病例2男,60岁,左腰部及左下腹痛1月外院诊断为左输尿管结石行输尿管切开取石术,术中见输尿管下段肿物,活检示鳞状细胞癌,转我院手术.术中见左肾下极肿物伴结肠侵犯,行根治性肾输尿管切除膀胱袖套状切除左半结肠切除及扩大淋巴结清扫术.2例患者术后均未行放化疗.结果 病理报告病例I肾盂及输尿管均为中分化鳞癌,侵及肾盂a膜下层及输尿管浅肌层.病例2肾孟中分化鳞癌,结肠受侵,输尿管下段低分化鳞癌,伴腹膜后淋巴结转移.分别于术后5个月和6个月死于肿瘤复发转移.结论 肾盂鳞状细胞癌伴同侧输尿管鳞状细胞癌临床罕见,早期诊断困难,术后短期内易复发转移,预后极差.