赖诺普利与依那普利对高血压的疗效比较

９２例原发性Ⅰ和Ⅱ期高血压病人采用随机、单盲方法，分２组治疗。一组用赖诺普利，ｐｏ，２０－８０ｍｇ／ｄ，另一组用依那普利，ｐｏ，１０－４０ｍｇ／ｄ，疗程均为４ｗｋ。降压总有效率和降压幅度：赖诺普利是８９％和２．９／２．０ｋＰａ，依那普利是９７％和３．１／２．１ｋＰａ，２药降压均显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），降压疗效相仿（Ｐ＞０．０５）。不良反应发生率是２９％和３４％，其中最多是干咳。结果提示赖诺普利治疗轻、中度高血压有效、安全。     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速1 000例的疗效

目的评价射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的安全性和有效性. 方法 1*!000 例阵发性室上性心动过速的患者接受射频消融术,术后平均随访25±19月(1～110月). 结果射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速的总成功率为98.9%(989/1 000),其中旁道参与的心动速度590例(598条旁道),阻断588条,成功率98.3%;房室结折返性心动过速410例,慢径消融成功率为99.8%.14例(1.4%)患者出现并发症.随访期间,16例(1.6%)患者复发,再次接受射频消融术均获成功. 结论射频消融术是目前治疗阵发性室上性心动过速最为有效的手段,其成功率高,并发症少,复发率低.     

氨氯地平与尼群地平治疗高血压的多中心平行对照研究

采用多中心、随机、单盲、组间、平行对照的方法对488例原发性高血压患者进行氨氯地平或尼群地平4周治疗观察，显示氨氯地平的降压有效率为90．4％，较尼群地平显著为高。不良反应较少，安全性好。每日只需服药1次，剂量5～10mg，方便病人。     

Relationship between age and effect of early and long-term captopril treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To analyse the relationship between age and treatment with captopril after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods In a randomized trial, 822 patients with a first AMI received conventional medic al treatment, including intravenous thrombolytic therapy and oral aspirin or metoprolol, and then were randomly allocated to captopril ［dosage fr om the first 6.25 mg to 25 mg/t.i.d, 209 younger patients (≤64 years), 269 elderly patients (65-75 years)］ or conventional treatment only (131 younger p atients, 213 elderly). Survival in the four groups was calculated with the Kapl an-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed to understand the degree that multi-variables (including age) affect survival in patients taking captopr il in the hospital or during long term follow-up. Results The survival of patients who took captopril correlated significantly with age ( P<0.001). The survival of the elderly patients on captopril treatment did increase (P<0.0001), but not of the younger ones (P>0.05) during hosp italization. During follow-up, the survival of patients who took captopril cor related insignificantly with age (P>0.05), but both the elderly and the you n ger patients have good survival rates (all P<0.01) and lower cardiac events (all P<0.01) when they took captopril.Conclusions Captopril exerts a weak effect on the younger patients but a beneficial effect o n the elderly patients during hospitalization after AMI. However, there is no d ifference between the younger and the elderly in the prognosis, both having good survival and lower cardiac events when they take captopril long term during fol low-up.     

遗传因素对高血压病人群靶器官损害发生的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)A／C1166多态性、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAl-1)4G／5G多态性与高血压病人群肾脏损害(RD)和脑梗死(CI)发生的关系。方法以高血压病人群为随机研究对象,采用等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交法分析AT1R基因型和PAI-1基因型。结果(1)AT1R基因型与肾脏功能显著相关,AC基因型肾脏功能显著差于AA基因型,PM-1基因型与肾脏功能无显著性关系;(2)AT1R基因型与CI发生无显著性关系;CI阳性与CI阴性高血压病人群相比,PAI-1基因型分布有显著性差异,前者4G／4G基因型频率显著高于后者。结论AT1RAC基因型和PM-14G／4G基因型分别为高血压病人群RD和CI的危险因素。     

血管紧张肽转换酶抑制剂对高血压病人心脏和大动脉的影响

目的 :评价血管紧张肽转换酶 (ACE)抑制剂对原发性高血压病人心脏和大动脉结构和功能的影响。方法 :应用二维超声、超声心动图及自动脉搏波传导速度 (PWV)测定仪观察 16例采用ACE抑制剂培哚普利治疗 (4mg ,po ,qd ;4wk后若血压 >18.6 / 12 .0kPa ,加服吲哒帕胺 2 .5mg ,po ,qd)的原发性高血压病人心脏、大动脉结构和功能的改变 ,分别在治疗前和治疗 12wk后进行上述检测。结果 :收缩压、脉压、颈动脉 股动脉PWV、颈总动脉内膜 中层厚度和左室后壁厚度在 12wk培哚普利治疗后显著降低 [分别为 (2 0 .4±s 1.4 )kPavs (18.0± 1.2 )kPa ,(7.5± 1.1)kPavs (6 .9± 1.2 )kPa ,(10 .5± 1.3)m·s- 1vs (8.6± 1.0 )m·s- 1,(0 .71± 0 .14 )mmvs (0 .5 9± 0 .14 )mm ,(10 .5± 1.0 )mmvs (9.8± 1.0 )mm ,P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ];颈总动脉横断面顺应性、容积扩张性在治疗前后无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :培哚普利对心血管系统的影响不仅仅是与血压降低有关 ,药物引起动脉平滑肌松驰 ,对全身和局部肾素 血管紧张肽系统的抑制能有效地改善高血压导致的心脏、血管结构和功能的改变。     

心肌梗死恢复期经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术前后心电图及运动耐量的变化

对２３例心肌梗死患者子发病后６±３周行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ），并于ＰＴＣＡ前（平均３±２天）后（平均６±３天）记心电图和做平板运动试验，结果ＰＴＣＡ成功１９例（管腔狭窄由９３．５±６．４％降至１６．３±１１．１％），其运动耐量、时间、最大心率及心率－收缩压乘积均明显增高，而心电图ＱＲＳ积分显著减低。结论，心肌梗死恢复期ＰＴＣＡ对患者有明显的临床效益。     

高密度脂蛋白与冠心病

本文所用略语:HDL high-density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白LDL low-density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白VLDL very low-density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白CM chylomicron 乳糜微粒Apo apoprotein 载脂蛋白LACT lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase卵磷脂-胆固醇乙酰转移酶过去20多年中,对血浆脂蛋白在冠心病发病机理中的作用认识有了很大的进展,但主要集中于 VLDL 和 LDL 在动脉粥样硬化形成中的作用,而对 HDL 的研究较少。近年来随着对冠心病病因病理的深入探讨,发现 HDL 与     

原发性高血压主动脉顺应性改变的临床观察

大动脉顺应性与左室壁肥厚密切相关。我们采用超声法检测各期高血压患者的主动脉顺应性,表明它与高血压的病情有关。本文报道它与左室肥厚之间的关系。对象:(1)选择原发性高血压患者130例(男86例,女44例),年龄25～74岁(平均56±12岁)。经病史、体检和实验室检查,易除继发性高血压、冠心病及严重心律失常。(2)选择血压正常的健康者80名(男50名,女30名)作为对照组,年龄25～80岁