医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤的文献计量学分析

目的: 应用文献计量学方法,分析国内外医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤（Medical adhesive-related skin injuries,MARSI）文献的研究主题和热点。方法: 检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Web of science、sinoMed、CNKI、Wanfang、VIP等数据库MARSI相关文献,检索时限为建库至2019年5月。采用SPSS 22.0 软件进行文献计量分析,利用gCLUTO统计对国内外高频主题词进行聚类分析。结果: 共纳入论文103篇,其中外文文献占总文献量的27.18%,中文文献占总文献量的72.82%。聚类分析将国内外高频主题词聚为4大类,依次为皮肤损伤及损伤类型、相关危险因素、风险评估及风险管理、护理干预措施。结论: MARSI仍是国内外研究的热点,其发病机制研究仍处于探索阶段,目前尚缺乏有效的预防策略,研究领域较局限。在今后的研究中,应加强MARSI预防的研究、注重多学科合作。     

广东省SARS家庭聚集性病例流行病学分析

目的　了解广东省传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)家庭聚集性病例的流行病学特征 ,探讨家庭因素在本病传播方面的作用。方法　采用统一个案调查表 ,用描述性流行病学方法对广东省SARS家庭聚集性病例进行分析。结果　截至 5月 1 5日止 ,在广东省 1 5 1 2例SARS病例中 ,6 0户家庭出现聚集性病例 ,共 1 91例 ,占全省病例总数的1 2 6 %。家庭聚集性病例的病死率为 9 9% ,高于全省平均病死率 (3 7% ) (P <0 0 1 )。家庭聚集性病例主要发生在2 0 0 3年 1月至 3月 ,占家庭聚集性病例总数的 90 6 % (1 73/ 1 91 )。病例以 30～ 4 9岁青壮年为主 ,占 5 2 9% (1 0 1 / 1 91 ) ;职业以干部职员为主 ,占 1 3 6 % (2 6 / 1 91 ) ,其次为饮食、服务人员 ,占 1 2 6 % (2 4 / 1 91 )。 4 1 7%家庭的首发病例在发病前两周有明确或可疑接触史。在 1 2 9例家庭聚集二代感染病例中可能因陪护或探病感染发病的有 4 2户 ,共 92例 ,占71 3%。首发病例与二代病例发病时间间隔中位数为 7d。结论　家庭聚集性病例的病死率较高 ,家庭聚集性病例有较大比例可能在医院内感染 ,但家庭密切接触也是造成疫情传播的原因之一 ,控制医院内感染和及早对病例进行家庭隔离可以减少聚集性病例的出现     

102例恶性胸腔积液患者中医证候的临床分析

目的:对恶性胸腔积液患者的中医证候进行分析。方法:选取确诊为恶性胸腔积液的102例患者的临床资料进行分析,录入证候四诊信息,采用描述性统计分析计算中医证候四诊指标频数及聚类分析(指标聚类及病例聚类)对患者的中医证候进行分析。结果:102例恶性胸腔积液患者聚类结果显示主要有以下四种证型:肺脾两虚,痰瘀互结证、脾肾两虚,痰饮犯肺证、气阴两虚,痰热犯肺证及阴虚内热,瘀毒内生证。四种证型分别占52.94%、28.43%、9.80%、8.82%。结论:恶性胸腔积液的患者多表现为虚实夹杂的证候,以单独实证或虚证难以概括整个证型。     

On a relaxation-labelling algorithm for quantitative assessment of tumour vasculature in tissue section images

Although tumour vasculature constitutes a biological factor playing a crucial role in the radiation response of tumours, the current procedures of assessment are semiquantitative, typically employing visual examination of stained histological material. Such techniques are also time consuming, and inefficient of extracting essential information on the vascular network. Image analysis has yet to contribute significantly in this direction, and most studies to date focus on blood vessel segmentation through empirical, user-selected thresholds. The present paper proposes an alternative segmentation approach, based on a probabilistic relaxation algorithm, applied in microscopic images of stained tissues. After image partitioning various information is obtained, such as vascular domains and geometrical characteristics of vessels.     

Adaptive motor unit action potential clustering using shape and temporal information

An adaptive algorithm is described that groups motor unit action potentials (MUAPs), detected in a composite EMG signal during signal decomposition, and creates partial motor unit action potential trains (MUAPTs). Data-driven MUAP shape and motor unit firing-pattern based criteria are used to form the clusters. An algorithm for estimating MUAPT temporal parameter, which provides accurate estimates even for partially defined trains, is used to obtain firing-pattern information. No a priori knowledge is required regarding the number of clusters or the distribution of their template shapes. The clustering algorithm when applied to real concentric-needle detected MUAP data provides accurate and useful clustering results. Compared to a classical leader-based algorithm, it provides more robust performance, is better able to estimate the true number of motor units represented in a set of detected MUAPs, and obtains more complete and accurate MUAPTs.     

集束化护理提高小耳畸形患者再造耳清洁度的效果观察

目的探索集束化护理提高小耳畸形清洁度的临床效果。方法2019年1月成立品管圈小组,通过对再造耳清洁度的现况调查,分析影响清洁度的因素,设定目标、拟定对策并实施。结果开展品管圈活动后,再造耳的清洁度得分由53分上升到81分,目标达成率为105%,进步率为53%。小组成员从解决问题的能力、积极性、品管圈手法掌握程度、团队合作能力、责任心、个人素质修养等6个方面均有显著能力提升。结论集束化护理可以提高小耳畸形患者再造耳的清洁度,提高护理质量和患者满意度。     

高等军事医学院校教师工作绩效评价

[目的]通过对2所高等军事医学院校教师相关指标进行调查,探讨建立高等军事医学院校人才评价方法及评价指标体系.[方法]运用两因素等级相关分析、指标聚类分析,确定有代表性的指标；用矩阵法求个人综合得分划分层次.[结果]入选的8项评价指标为:军区或总部级研究所或中心、全军级研究所或中心、为首国内核心期刊发表论文数等.[结论]在高等军事医学院校进行教师人才评价及选拔优秀人才过程中,该评价方法及指标体系是可行的.     

Analysis of young children’s abilities to cluster and switch during a verbal fluency task

To investigate developmental changes that take place in verbal fluency (VF) performance during early childhood, a VF task was administered to 225 healthy, Dutch-speaking children aged between 4.14 and 6.89 years. Three categories of VF outcome measures were included: i.e., word productivity, mean cluster size, and number of switches. Age influenced performance on all VF outcome measures linearly; i.e., older children produced more words, made longer clusters, and switched more. Higher levels of intelligence were associated with increased VF word productivity, but not with measures of switching and clustering. When leaving intelligence out of these analyses, we additionally found an interaction between level of parental education (LPE) and sex on total word productivity, i.e., girls with parents who had lower LPE produced fewer words than the other children. Furthermore, a similar interaction of LPE and sex was found for the number of switches: i.e., girls who had parents with lower LPE made fewer switches than the other children. Findings suggest that even in 4 to 6-year-old children important changes take place over time in VF and in processes underlying successful performance. Attention should be paid to age-extrinsic factors, such as LPE and sex, since these have been found to influence VF performance in young children.     

滑动时间窗视角下科学基金研究前沿探测

研究前沿是某领域处于先锋地位的研究内容。想要更好的理解当下和未来的研究趋势,需要时刻关注领域的研究前沿。文章综述了前人的研究方法,指出其共有问题,提出滑动时间窗视角下基于科学基金的前沿探测方法。并在选取最优聚类算法的基础上,以肿瘤学为例探测其研究前沿。结果表明Agglomerative的聚类效果最优,对4个滑动时间窗内的数据进行共词聚类分析,探测其研究前沿并分析其演化规律。     

我国卫生区域划分研究

目的:我国不同地区卫生资源发展不平衡,制定区域卫生规划要综合考虑不同地区的经济、社会、人口、健康等方面的状况。方法:利用统计年鉴数据,考虑经济、社会、人口、健康等因素,分别通过主成分分析和因子分析方法计算不同地区的综合得分,然后对综合得分进行聚类分析。结果:主成分分析综合得分和因子分析综合得分的聚类分析将全国以省(自治区、直辖市)为单元划分为6类地区,两种分析方法的分类结果类似。结论:将全国卫生区域分为六类,第一类地区:上海市、北京市;第二类地区:天津市;第三类地区:江苏省、浙江省、广东省;第四类地区:辽宁省、山东省、福建省、内蒙古自治区、吉林省、重庆市、陕西省、湖北省、黑龙江省、山西省、河南省、湖南省、河北省、海南省、四川省、江西省、安徽省;第五类地区为:广西壮族自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、甘肃省、青海省、贵州省、云南省;第六类地区为:西藏自治区。分类结果基本符合中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的卫生发展实际。