影响良性终末期肝病肝移植术后远期死亡的预后因素分析

目的: 分析良性终末期肝病肝移植患者术后中远期的生存情况和导致中远期生存率下降的预后因素。 方法: 回顾性地分析2003年10月至2008年6月在我院行原位肝移植手术,且术后存活超过1年的221个良性终末期肝病受者的资料,选取包括受者术前变量、供者变量、术中变量和受者术后变量共27个可能影响患者长期存活的危险因素,采用Cox回归分析,筛选出影响肝移植受者长期存活的独立危险因素。 结果: 221个受体中有28人在术后1年后死亡,主要死亡原因和相关死亡率为：感染、胆道并发症、HBV复发/再感染。保留在Cox回归方程内的协变量为：高龄、ABO血型、冷缺血时间、术后感染部位和胆道并发症。 结论: 良性终末期肝病的移植患者的中远期死亡原因主要是感染、胆道并发症和HBV复发/再感染。影响受者术后中远期存活的危险因素包括高龄（≥60y）,ABO血型（血型不符）,冷缺血时间（＞12h）,术后感染部位（肺部感染）和胆道并发症（移植肝胆管弥漫性狭窄）。术前严格筛选高龄患者,选择ABO血型相同或相符的供者,缩短冷缺血时间,积极防治术后感染和胆道并发症,将有助于提高受者术后中远期存活。     

肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤四例临床分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的临床特征、危险因素和防治措施.方法 回顾性分析2003年8月至2008年12月间行肝移植术的726例受者中新发恶性肿瘤的临床资料.结果 在726例肝移植受者中,术后新发恶性肿瘤4例,发生率为0.6%;患者均为男性;新发恶性肿瘤的类型分别为:急性髓性白血病、胃癌、肺癌和未分化肝肉瘤;患者肝移植时年龄为42～57岁,中位年龄52岁,肿瘤确诊时的年龄为45～60岁,中位年龄53岁;从接受肝移植手术至发生肿瘤的时间为6～38个月,中位时间31个月.4例患者均死于肿瘤进展和多器官功能衰竭.肝移植术至死亡时间为12～48个月,中位时间39.5个月;确诊为新发恶性肿瘤至死亡时间为6～10个月,中位时间8.5个月.结论 肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤国内发病率低于国外;确诊时间较晚是患者死亡的主要原因;重视癌前病变和高危因素,早期诊断,早期治疗是提高疗效的关键.     

影响肝移植术后新发糖尿病逆转的相关因素

Objective To study the related factors associated with the reversal of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) following liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 62patients with PTDM in 232 patients receiving liver transplantation (26. 7 %) were retrospectively analyzed and the patients were divided into two groups: patients with transient PTDM (34 cases) and those with persistent PTDM (28 cases). Pre-operative and post-operative variables, including sex,age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose, the immunosuppressant regime, FK506 concentration and duration of steroid usage, were analyzed retrospectively. Results The variables, including sex, age, body mass index,family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose,FK506 concentration at month 1, 3 and 6 after operation, rate of cyclosporine usage and duration of steroid usage had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0. 05). Compared with the persistent PTDM patients, the transient PTDM patients were characterized by younger age at the time of transplantation (54 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 6 years, P＜0. 05), longer time before the development of PTDM (18 ± 23 vs. 35 ± 42 days, P＜0. 05), and higher rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage (0vs. 8. 9 %, P＜0. 05). Based on a multivariate analysis, age at the time of transplantation was determined as the single independent predictive factor associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation (odds ratio: 1. 312, 95 % confidence interval: 1. 005 - 1. 743). Conclusion Age at the time of transplantation, duration before the development of PTDM and rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage are associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation. Among these factors, age at the time of transplantation is only the single independent predictive factor.     

影响肝移植术后新发糖尿病逆转的相关因素

Objective To study the related factors associated with the reversal of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) following liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 62patients with PTDM in 232 patients receiving liver transplantation (26. 7 %) were retrospectively analyzed and the patients were divided into two groups: patients with transient PTDM (34 cases) and those with persistent PTDM (28 cases). Pre-operative and post-operative variables, including sex,age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose, the immunosuppressant regime, FK506 concentration and duration of steroid usage, were analyzed retrospectively. Results The variables, including sex, age, body mass index,family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose,FK506 concentration at month 1, 3 and 6 after operation, rate of cyclosporine usage and duration of steroid usage had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0. 05). Compared with the persistent PTDM patients, the transient PTDM patients were characterized by younger age at the time of transplantation (54 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 6 years, P＜0. 05), longer time before the development of PTDM (18 ± 23 vs. 35 ± 42 days, P＜0. 05), and higher rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage (0vs. 8. 9 %, P＜0. 05). Based on a multivariate analysis, age at the time of transplantation was determined as the single independent predictive factor associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation (odds ratio: 1. 312, 95 % confidence interval: 1. 005 - 1. 743). Conclusion Age at the time of transplantation, duration before the development of PTDM and rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage are associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation. Among these factors, age at the time of transplantation is only the single independent predictive factor.     

原位肝移植治疗终末期自身免疫性肝病

目的 评价肝移植治疗终末期自身免疫性肝病的疗效并总结临床经验.方法 回顾性分析2003年9月至2009年7月间因终末期自身免疫性肝病接受肝移植手术的11例患者的临床资料,其中8例为原发性胆汁性肝硬化,2例为自身免疫性肝炎,1例为原发性硬化性胆管炎.平均年龄为(44.2±8.7)岁.手术方式均采用附加腔静脉整形的改良背驮式肝移植术.术后免疫抑制治疗采用他克莫司或环孢素A联合激素的二联免疫抑制方案,部分患者使用骁悉和熊去氧胆酸.结果 本组11例患者中2例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者死亡,其中1例于术后第5天死于肺部感染和多器官功能衰竭,另1例于术后964 d死于脓毒症和移植肝失功.5例患者术后1个月内出现急性排斥反应,加强免疫抑制治疗后痊愈.9例患者生存良好并存活至今,随访期7～62个月,中位随访时间为38个月.受体1年存活率为91%,3年存活率为82%,最长存活期5年.随访期间未发现复发病例.结论 肝移植是治疗终末期自身免疫性肝病的惟一有效手段,手术时机的正确把握和有效的免疫抑制治疗是减少肝移植术后并发症的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of liver transplantation for end-stage autoimmune liver disease (ESALD) and summarize the clinical experience of liver transplantation in the treatment of ESALD.Methods The clinical data of 11 ESALD cases who underwent liver transplantation from September 2003 to July 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 2 males and 9 females ( median age, 44. 2 ± 8. 7years). The indication of liver transplantation was end stage of primary biliary cirrhrosis (8 cases),autoimmune hepatitis (2 cases), and primary sclerosing cholangitis ( 1 case). In all cases, modified piggyback liver transplantation with venacavaplasty was carried out. Postoperatively all patients were treated with immunosuppressive agents including tacrolimus (or cyclosporine A) and prednisone, some patients were treated additionally with mycophenolate mofetil and ursodeoxycholic acid. Results Postoperatively 2patients of primary biliary cirrhosis died, one of lung infection and multiple organ failure on the 5th postoperative day, the other dying of sepsis and graft dysfunction on the 964th postoperative day. Five cases suffered from episodes of acute cellular rejection within 1 month after transplantation and was successfully reversed by strengthened immunosuppressive therapy. Nine patients recovered satisfactorily and with excellent life quality until now. Patients were followed up from 7 months to 62 months with the median follow-up time of 38 months. The recipient survival rate at 1 year and 3 years was 91% and 82% ,respectively. One patient has now survived for 5 years. No recurrent ALD case was found during follow up.Conclusions Orthotopic liver transplantation is an exclusive treatment for ESALD. Optimum operation timing and effective immunosuppressive treatment are very important for decreasing occurrence of complications.     

稳定大鼠肝移植模型的规范及移植肝灌注方式比较

目的总结建立大鼠原位肝移植稳定模型的规范和提高成功率的措施,比较经门静脉灌注和经腹主动脉灌注对移植肝功能的影响。方法手术显微镜下,用改良的二袖套法进行100例大鼠原位肝移植,并依据灌注方式分组:经门静脉灌注和经腹主动脉灌注组(n=50)。检测术后肝功能,观察组织病理学改变、术后生存率以及手术并发症。结果两组组织病理学表现相同。手术成功率分别为98%(49/50)和96%(48/50),3月存活率分别为93.5%(29/31)和93.3%(28/30),术后肝功能、手术成功率和3月存活率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论供肝经门静脉灌注和经腹主动脉灌注均可采用,应根据研究目的选择适当肝移植模型。熟练的显微外科技术、规范细致的手术操作、缩短无肝期时间是提高成功率、减少术后并发症的关键。     

肝移植术后胆道并发症的内镜诊治

目的探讨内镜在诊断和治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的应用价值。方法回顾性分析10例原位肝移植患者胆道并发症的诊治情况。术后出现胆道并发症3例(30%),其中胆瘘合并胆管狭窄1例,胆管狭窄合并胆泥形成1例,单纯胆管狭窄1例。结果本组3例肝移植术后胆道并发症均行内镜下诊治,随访12~31个月效果较好。结论内镜技术有助于肝移植术后胆道并发症的诊断,治疗有效、安全,是肝移植术后胆道并发症的首选治疗方法。     

供肝动脉变异和植入前动脉重建

目的探讨供肝动脉变异类型,术中损伤原因及植入前重建的方法。方法1993年10月至2004年12月,中山大学附属第三医院肝脏移植中心共行供肝切取和修整术600例,术中记录肝动脉变异类型和术中动脉误伤,重建变异肝动脉,形成单一的备吻合血管。结果在600例供肝中,19·2%(115/600)供肝动脉变异。53例(53/600)变异动脉须血管重建,其中39例(39/53)代替性或副肝右动脉来自肠系膜上动脉,1例(1/53)代替性肝右动脉来自腹腔干,5例(5/53)代替性或副肝左动脉来自胃左动脉,2例(2/53)变异肝左动脉和3例(3/53)变异肝右动脉离断后来源不清,3例(3/53)变异肝左和肝右动脉双重替代。6例(6/485)供肝切取术中意外损伤正常肝动脉,需要动脉重建。变异肝动脉损伤19例(19/115),均行动脉重建。动脉重建方法包括变异动脉与脾动脉(36/53)、胃十二指肠动脉(12/53)以及复杂的吻合方法(5/53)。结论供肝快速切取过程中,肝动脉变异增加肝动脉意外损伤发生率,损伤变异动脉均须在植入前重建。变异动脉重建方法的选择取决于肝动脉解剖学特点。     

肝移植术后乙肝病毒再感染的危险因素及对策

目的探讨肝移植术后乙型肝炎病毒再感染的危险因素和对策。方法对2003年9月到2004年12月间在我院肝脏移植中心施行肝移植术且符合研究标准的130例病例进行前瞻性研究，采用肌注剂型HBIg联合核苷类抗病毒药物联合预防HBV再感染并长期随访，分析HBV再感染的危险因素。结果130例中128例术后血清HBsAg转为阴性并检测到HBsAb，平均随访12．2个月，HBV再感染率为6．3％（8／128例）。结论肝移植术前HBeAg阳性、HBVDNA定量达到或超过10^5eopies／ml、术后1dHBsAg阳性及HBsAb〈200U／L是HBV再感染的危险因素。