Phytochemical and biological studies of Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

Chromatographic fractionation of the alcoholic extract of the dried fronds of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Adiantaceae) yielded seven compounds: four triterpenoidal compounds belonging to adiantane and filicane groups were isolated from the hexane fraction and identified as isoadiantone (1); isoadiantol-B (2); 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyfilicane (3) and 3,4-dihydroxyfilicane (4) and three flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified as: quercetin (5), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (6) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) (7). The identification of the isolated compounds has been established through their physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods including IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and MS. Biological studies of the total alcoholic extract, hexane fraction and some of the isolated compounds showed an anti-inflammatory activity while the hypoglycemic study of the total alcoholic extract showed a significant activity.     

糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂积雪草酸对糖代谢的影响

目的:研究积雪草酸(AA)对糖原磷酸化酶的抑制作用及其对HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗作用,最后研究其对小鼠糖代谢的影响,初步探讨其降糖机制。方法:体外检测AA对糖原磷酸化酶抑制作用和对HepG2细胞培养基中的葡萄糖消耗水平的影响。体内小鼠实验,采用灌胃AA7 d,以皮下注射肾上腺素造成高血糖模型,并与正常组一起测定静脉血糖和肝糖原含量。结果:AA具有抑制糖原磷酸化酶活性,其IC50为12.1μmol/L,AA能增加HepG2细胞对培养基中葡萄糖的消耗,并且可显著拮抗肾上腺素引起的血糖升高,对抗肾上腺素引起的肝糖原降解。结论:AA具有降血糖作用,机制与其抑制肝糖原分解有关。     

2008-2010年我院降糖药物应用分析

目的:了解和分析我院降糖药物的使用情况和发展趋势,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:以我院2008-2010年降糖药物的出库记录为依据,采用金额排序法和频度分析法,分析统计降糖药物的年消耗金额,各类药物消耗金额排序以及DDDs(用药频度)、DDC(限定日费用)排序。结果:3年内降糖药物销售金额逐年上升,但降糖药物销售金额占药品总销售金额的比例平衡;胰岛素类的销售金额排在第一位,其中诺和灵30R笔芯销售金额连续3年位居首位;磺酰脲类格列美脲的DDDs连续2年位居首位;胰岛素增敏剂吡格列酮(卡司平)的销售金额排序和DDDs逐年上升。结论:我院临床使用的降糖药以胰岛素类、α-糖苷酶抑制剂、磺酰脲类、胰岛素增敏剂为主,临床对磺酰脲类、胰岛素增敏剂的选择倾向较大。     

桑葚的降血糖功能及保健食品研究综述

桑葚是民间圣果。文章对桑葚的化学成分、关于糖尿病的药理作用、临床研究、以及在医药和食品工业的开发利用等进行了综述。     

Hypoglycemic efficacy and safety of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

IntroductionMomordica charantia (bitter melon) is widely used for its glucose-lowering effects. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of M. charantia as an adjuvant treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and adverse events were investigated after 12 weeks of treatment. Ninety subjects were included in the final analysis for glucose lowering efficacy of bitter melon.ResultsThere were no differences in age, sex, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between the bitter melon extract and placebo groups. After treatment with bitter melon extract for 12 weeks, the HbA1c levels of the bitter melon and placebo groups remained unchanged; however, the average fasting glucose level of the bitter melon group decreased (p = 0.014). No serious adverse events were reported during the treatment period.ConclusionsOur data showed that bitter melon has effects of glucose lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

Serum lipids and apoprotein composition (%) of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction in two groups of diabetic patients: Effects of oral as compared to insulin therapy

Summary Forty-one diabetic patients (21 males and 20 females) were divided into two groups according to treatment. One group (n=22) was treated with insulin and the other with oral therapy (tolbutamide) (n=19). The two groups of patients were in a good metabolic control in that the glucose loss in the urine was less than 10 g/24 h. In these two groups we have evaluated total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), VLDL TC/TG ratio and prevalence of ‘double pre-beta lipoproteinemia’. For these parameters no significant differences have been found between the two groups. The results of our study suggest that, provided metabolic control is good, the VLDL metabolism does not seem to be affected by the type of treatment.     

甘精胰岛素联合格列喹酮治疗糖尿病肾病的临床评价

目的观察糖尿病肾病患者采用甘精胰岛素联合格列喹酮治疗的临床效果及安全性。方法58例糖尿病肾病患者随机分为对照组及治疗组,对照组采用胰岛素治疗,治疗组采用格列喹酮加甘精胰岛素联合治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果、肾功能及低血糖发生率。结果两组患者治疗后FBG、2hBG、HbAlc、UAER水平均降低,对照组与治疗组间无显著差异。两组患者治疗前BUN、SCr水平无明显变化。治疗组低血糖发生率低于对照组。结论甘精胰岛素联合格列喹酮治疗糖尿病肾病可有效控制血糖,安全性和依从性较单独使用胰岛素治疗好。     

门诊护理干预对糖尿病患者降糖治疗效果的影响分析

目的开展门诊护理干预措施对糖尿病患者降糖治疗效果的影响分析。方法以2008年1月～2010年6月于我院就诊的180例糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者治疗方法相同,观察组给予护理干预措施,对照组不给予护理干预措施,随访1年,观察两组患者的血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标的差别。结果干预前后两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均有下降,而观察组下降更多,均在正常水平内（P〈0．05）。结论在常规用药的基础上,给予门诊糖尿病患者护理干预措施,可帮助患者有效控制血糖,减少血糖波动和低血糖的发生。     

肉桂油对胰岛素抵抗小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的:研究肉桂油对胰岛素抵抗小鼠糖脂代谢的影响,探讨其作用机制.方法:采用高脂饲料喂养建立小鼠胰岛素抵抗模型,经肉桂油治疗后测定口服糖耐量及胰岛素耐受,观察体质量、血糖、血清胰岛素、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素的变化.结果:肉桂油能降低胰岛素抵抗小鼠的体质量(30.3±3.6vs34.6±3.1,P<0.05)、血糖(7.6±2.2vs9.2±1.3,P<0.05)、血清胰岛素(1.3±0.1vs1.7±0.2,P<0.05)、甘油三酯(70.1±10.9vs65.4±19.5,P<0.05)、总胆固醇(93.2±13.8vs102.3±21.5,P<0.05)、瘦素、抵抗素水平,同时改善口服糖耐量,降低胰岛素抵抗.结论:肉桂油能有效改善胰岛素抵抗小鼠糖脂代谢,其作用与降低血清瘦素、抵抗素水平,增加胰岛素敏感性有关.     

降糖药物对糖尿病患者骨质疏松的影响

糖尿病引起骨质疏松已被多数学者所公认.近来相关研究发现降糖药物在控制血糖的同时对骨代谢亦有影响,噻唑烷二酮类药物可显著增加2型糖尿病女性患者骨折发生率,胰岛素亦可增加骨折风险,胰岛素促泌剂可以降低骨折的风险,二甲双胍的作用为中性,而新型胰高血糖素样肽-l类似物和二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ抑制剂具有保护骨代谢的潜能.