丹皮多糖对正常及高血糖小鼠的降血糖作用

观察了丹皮多糖对正常小鼠血糖及葡萄糖致小鼠血糖的影响。结果表明，丹皮多糖粗品１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ灌胃给药可使正常小鼠血糖显著降低，２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，４００ｍｇ／ｋ灌胃给药对葡萄糖诱发的小鼠高血糖有显著降低作用。     

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of extracts from Potentilla discolor Bunge on diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin

Aim of the study

Potentilla discolor Bunge, commonly found at the north temperate and boreal zone, has been used for diabetes in China for a long time. Flavonoids and triterpenoids are two major types of compounds in P. discolor. This study was designed primarily to investigate the effects of total flavonoids extract (TFE) and total triterpenoids extract (TTE) of P. discolor Bunge on blood glucose, lipid profiles and antioxidant parameters on diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin.

Materials and methods

High fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the TFE and TTE for 15 days, respectively. A range of parameters were tested including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin (SI), blood lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), and nitric oxide (NO).

Results

Diabetic rats treated with TFE or TTE had decreased concentration of FBG and GSP compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the TFE or TTE treated diabetic rats were lower, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level was higher than in the control diabetic rats. Furthermore, the extracts treatment decreased the MDA and NO level, while increased SOD and GSH levels in diabetic rats. Histopathologic examination also showed that the extracts have protective effects on β-cells in diabetic rats which are supported by the increase of SI.

Conclusions

All these experimental results highlighted the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of the two extracts from Potentilla discolor Bunge on diabetes and its complications, possibly through a strong antioxidant activity and a protective action on β-cells.     

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of various fractions of Phyllanthus simplex in alloxan diabetic rats

Aim of the study

To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of various fractions of Phyllanthus simplex on alloxan induced diabetes in rats.

Materials and methods

Hypoglycemic effect of Phyllanthus simplex fractions was evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic rats were divided into different groups (six rats each group) and orally administered with petroleum ether (P.E.) (200 and 400 mg/kg), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (100 and 200 mg/kg), methanol (125 and 250 mg/kg), water fraction (150 and 300 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from overnight fasted normal rats on day 21, from overnight fasted diabetic rats at 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment and analyzed for blood glucose level. On day 22 blood samples were collected from diabetic rats to estimate biochemical parameters, rats were sacrificed by single stunning and tissues were excised to measure their antioxidant and glycogen status.

Results

In the normoglycemic rats, MeOH (125 and 250 mg/kg) and aqueous fractions (150 and 300 mg/kg) showed a significant (P < 0.05) hypoglycemic effect on day 21. In diabetic control rats, MeOH (125 and 250 mg/kg) and aqueous fractions (150 and 300 mg/kg) showed significant antihyperglycemic effect (P < 0.001). The active fractions (MeOH and aqueous) of Phyllanthus simplex also increased the body weight of diabetic rats significantly compared to the control group. The active fractions were able to normalize the marked alterations in antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant parameters levels in liver and kidney. Treatment with the active fractions also normalized the diabetic induced hyperlipidemia and liver glycogen.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of fractions of Phyllanthus simplex and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications.     

降糖药及合并用药分析

目的:了解我院降糖药的使用情况并作出客观分析,为临床用药提供参考.方法:随机抽取2006年含有降糖药的处方进行统计分析.结果:1152张处方中,年龄大于50岁占81.43%(938/1152),有42.27%(487/1152)伴有并发症和/或合并症,降糖药单一用药62.85%(724/1152)联合用药占37.15%(428/1152),单一用药中居前3位的分别是磺脲类,双胍类,а-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,联合用药中居前3位的分别是:磺脲类 双胍类,磺脲类 а-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,双胍类 а-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂.结论:本次调查的降糖药用药基本合理,仅少数几处存在问题,如胰岛素的使用,磺脲类药物联合应用及胃肠溃疡患者的用药等.     

南瓜提取物对Ⅱ型糖尿病降血糖作用研究

目的 观察南瓜提取物对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的降糖作用。方法 采用双盲法，组间和自身两种对照设计，观察服用南瓜提取物30d后糖尿病患者的主要临床症状改善情况及空腹和餐后2h血糖水平。结果 南瓜提取物对糖尿病主要临床症状的总有效率为27．5％（对照组为11．8％），且空腹和餐后2h血糖平均下降率均超过10％。结论 南瓜提取物对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者具有一定的改善症状和降低血糖作用。     

不同降糖药物对2型糖尿病患者心电图QT离散度的影响

目的:探讨胰岛素、格列本脲、二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者心电图QT离散度(QTd)的影响。方法:观察318例使用不同降糖药物治疗的2型糖尿病患者(胰岛素组129例,格列本脲组110例,二甲双胍组79例)及33例健康体检者(正常对照组)心电图QTd和校正QT离散度(QTcd)的组间差异。结果:格列本脲组心电图QTd和QTcd显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),胰岛素组QTd、QTcd显著高于二甲双胍组和正常对照组(P<0.05),二甲双胍组和正常对照组间QTd、QTcd无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:格列本脲和胰岛素可能会增加2型糖尿病患者心电图QTd、QTcd。     

降糖药的处方分析

目的：了解我院降糖药的使用情况，为合理用药和科学管理提供依据。方法：提取我院2006年3月的门诊处方，对其中含有降糖药的处方进行分析。结果：降糖药处方比例占总处方数的6．2％；我院使用最多的三类降糖药分别是双胍类、。一糖苷酶抑制剂和磺酰脲类，占主导地位的两种药物二甲双胍和阿卡波糖。结论：我院使用降糖药物基本合理。部分磺酰脲类降糖药和阿卡波糖在临床用药剂量偏大。     

我院2006～2007年抗糖尿病药应用分析

目的：评价我院抗糖尿病药的应用状况及趋势。方法：采用销售金额和用药频度排序法,对我院2006-2007年抗糖尿病药的主要品种、销售金额及其用药频度进行统计、分析。结果：各类抗糖尿病药销售金额大多逐年上升,尤其是生物制品增幅较大。生物制品的销售金额位居第1位,格列美脲、吡格列酮、参芪降糖颗粒是我院主要抗糖尿病药。结论：生物制品、中成药在糖尿病的治疗上有广阔的发展前景。     

苦葫芦中有效成分的提取分离及降血糖作用研究

目的:提取、分离苦葫芦中的有效成分,并确定其降血糖作用。方法:依据中草药煎剂及天然药物化学的有关方法,用有机溶剂对苦葫芦进行分离;观察提取分离后得到的各组分对四氧嘧啶复制糖尿病模型小鼠血糖值的影响程度,将其作为筛选活性组分的指标,确定其活性降血糖组分。结果:以水和乙醇作为溶剂提取、经丙酮沉淀得到的物质为降血糖的活性组分,其分离得到的组分C降血糖作用极显著。结论:苦葫芦中含有天然降血糖活性成分。     

荔枝核总皂甙提取物对糖尿病小鼠的降糖疗效观察

目的 观察荔枝核总皂甙提取物对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用。方法 采用四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型。从荔枝核中提取总皂甙混合物。以荔枝核总皂甙提取物为试验药、优降糖和黄连素为对照药，糖尿病小鼠经灌胃连续给药3周后测定小鼠空腹血糖值，比较不同药物降血糖效果。结果 荔枝核总皂甙提取物、优降糖和黄连素均能有效地降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖浓度（均P〈0．05），其降糖率分别为59．57％、43．64％和43．93％。荔枝核总皂甙提取物用药组糖尿病小鼠的血糖浓度明显低于糖尿病对照小鼠（P〈0．01）。荔枝核总皂甙提取物降血糖效果明显优于优降糖和黄连素（P〈0．01）。结论 荔枝核总皂甙提取物具有较强的降低糖尿病小鼠血糖功能，且其降血糖效果优于优降糖与黄连素。