湿润烧伤膏治疗压疮的临床疗效观察

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗压疮的临床疗效。方法将60例不同原因导致的压疮患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组创面采用湿润烧伤膏包扎换药治疗,每日2次,对照组创面采用负压封闭引流技术治疗,对比观察两组创面愈合效果。结果治疗组患者创面全部愈合,愈合时间最短为7 d,最长为91 d,对照组患者创面也全部愈合,但其中9例患者采用自体皮移植术封闭创面,愈合时间最短为12 d,最长为108 d,两组患者创面愈合时间经统计学对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏治疗压疮具有疗效显著,方法简便,愈合时间快等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的疗效分析

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的临床疗效。方法将2013年10月至2014年8月收治的34例失禁相关性皮炎患者随机分为两组,试验组(17例)采用湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗,对照组(17例)采用紫草油护理皮肤,观察两组患者皮炎创面的愈合效果及愈合时间。结果试验组治愈14例、好转3例、无效0例,对照组治愈7例、好转5例、无效5例,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组创面平均愈合时间为轻度3.7 d±1.4 d、中度5.9 d±1.5 d、重度7.2 d±0.9 d,对照组创面平均愈合时间为轻度5.9 d±1.2 d、中度8.2 d±1.3 d、重度11.3 d±0.7 d,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎疗效显著,愈合时间明显短于紫草油治疗者,值得临床推广。     

多中心完全随机、标准治疗平行对照评价京万红软膏治疗糖尿病足慢性创面的临床研究

目的：：通过多中心完全随机、标准治疗平行对照方法评价京万红软膏治疗糖尿病足慢性创面的疗效。方法：本研究共有11家医院参加,采用多中心完全随机、标准治疗平行对照、前瞻性临床研究设计。131例糖尿病足溃疡患者随机分为京万红软膏组67例和对照组64例,两组创面面积分别为(16.7±6.1)cm2和(15.9±8.3) cm2,创面形成时间(45.7±68.3)d和(52.5±79.6)d 。两组分别用京万红软膏或复方磺胺嘧啶锌凝胶涂于创面,观察疗程均为20周。结果：两组患者年龄、糖尿病病程、血常规、肝功能、肾功能等数据差异无统计学意义。京万红组于2、5、10、15周创面愈合速率明显优于复方磺胺嘧啶锌凝胶组,以第5周、10周最为明显(P<0.01)。京万红组创面达到完全上皮化平均时间为(46.5±15.6)d,复方磺胺嘧啶锌凝胶组为(67.9±17.9)d,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论：京万红软膏与复方磺胺嘧啶锌凝胶均有促进糖尿病足创面愈合的作用,京万红软膏作用更优。     

Kidney Function and Plasma Copeptin Levels in Healthy Kidney Donors and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients

Background and objectives

Plasma copeptin, a marker of arginine vasopressin, is elevated in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and predicts disease progression. It is unknown whether elevated copeptin levels result from decreased kidney clearance or as compensation for impaired concentrating capacity. Data from patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and healthy kidney donors before and after donation were used, because after donation, overall GFR decreases with a functionally normal kidney.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Data were obtained between October of 2008 and January of 2012 from healthy kidney donors who visited the institution for routine measurements predonation and postdonation and patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who visited the institution for kidney function measurement. Plasma copeptin levels were measured using a sandwich immunoassay, GFR was measured as ¹²⁵I-iothalamate clearance, and urine concentrating capacity was measured as urine-to-plasma ratio of urea. In patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, total kidney volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (n=122, age=40 years, men=56%) had significantly higher copeptin levels (median=6.8 pmol/L; interquartile range=3.4–15.7 pmol/L) compared with donors (n=134, age=52 years, men=49%) both predonation and postdonation (median=3.8 pmol/L; interquartile range=2.8–6.3 pmol/L; P<0.001; median=4.4 pmol/L; interquartile range=3.6–6.1 pmol/L; P<0.001). In donors, copeptin levels did not change after donation, despite a significant fall in GFR (from 105±17 to 66±10; P<0.001). Copeptin and GFR were significantly associated in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (β=−0.45, P<0.001) but not in donors. In patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, GFR and total kidney volume were both associated significantly with urine-to-plasma ratio of urea (β=0.84, P<0.001; β=−0.51, P<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

On the basis of the finding in donors that kidney clearance is not a main determinant of plasma copeptin levels, it was hypothesized that, in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, kidney damage and associated impaired urine concentration capacity determine copeptin levels.     

大黄甘草汤汤剂与煎膏剂中药效成分的比较研究

目的采用HPLC-DAD法分析大黄甘草汤剂和煎膏剂中12种药效组分。方法采用HypersilGold-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),体积流量0.8 mL/min,进样量20μL。二蒽酮类(流动相:甲醇–0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱,时间25 min,柱温30℃,检测波长340 nm),蒽醌类(流动相:乙腈–0.1%磷酸,时间40 min,柱温20℃,检测波长254 nm),黄酮类和三萜类(流动相:乙腈–0.2%甲酸,梯度洗脱,时间55 min,柱温25℃,检测波长254、276、370 nm)。结果 2种二蒽酮类(番泻苷A、番泻苷B)和5种蒽醌类(大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和芦荟大黄素)的含量在汤剂中明显低于煎膏剂。而三萜类(甘草酸)和3种黄酮类(甘草苷和异甘草苷、甘草素)的含量在汤剂中高于煎膏剂,特别是甘草苷。煎膏剂中12种成分的总量与汤剂相当。结论煎膏剂的制备方法可能更利于大黄中二蒽酮类和蒽醌类成分的溶出或延缓了二蒽酮类成分的分解,同时抑制了甘草中三萜类和黄酮类成分的溶出或加快了这些成分的分解速度。由于二蒽酮类和蒽醌类是本方发挥药效作用的主要成分,且是君药大黄中主成分,因此大黄甘草煎膏剂可能比汤剂更有效。     

京万红软膏上调PDGF mRNA表达改善大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足的研究

目的考察京万红软膏对大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足的疗效及作用机制。方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,在此基础上建立大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足模型。实验设置4组,每组大鼠15只,分别为假手术组、模型组、京万红软膏组、重组人表皮生长因子外用溶液(rhEGF)组。给药14 d,记录给药前后大鼠体质量、血糖、足部形态及溃疡面积的变化情况。并于给药后取足部溃疡部位组织行HE染色,采用RT-PCR法检测京万红软膏对血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体FLT-1 mRNA表达的影响。结果京万红软膏对大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足具有消肿生肌,促进创面愈合的功效。与模型组相比,京万红软膏组给药14 d后可极显著减少大鼠足部外伤部位的溃疡面积(P0.01);可极显著上调PDGF mRNA的表达(P0.01)。结论京万红软膏对大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足具有促进伤口愈合的功效,可能与上调PDGF mRNA的表达相关,但对VEGF及其受体Flt-1 mRNA的表达没有影响。     

中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎的疗效。方法:98例患者,随机分成治疗组49例与对照组49例,治疗组口服百癣夏塔热片4片,3次/天,他克莫司软膏和湿润烧伤膏适量混匀,2次/天外搽患处;对照组仅给予他克莫司软膏外搽患处,2次/天。结果:两组痊愈率分别为68.89%,12.24%,有显著性差异;两组有效率分别为93.88%,40.81%,经比较有显著性差异。结论:中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎疗效显著。     

Assessment of fractional excretion of urea for early diagnosis of cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery (CS). Recently, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was shown to predict AKI development earlier than serum creatinine, but it is not widely used in clinical practice. Fractional excretion of urea (FeU) has been referred to as a useful tool to discriminate between prerenal and established AKI. The aim of our study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of FeU, in the early diagnosis of AKI in patients undergoing CS. Methods: We performed a prospective study on adults undergoing CS. AKI was defined by AKIN criteria. Individuals suffering from CKD, were excluded. Sensitivity and specificity of FeU, fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa) and urine NGAL, measured at 1, 6 and 24?h following CS, were assessed. Results: We included 66 patients (26% female) aging 68?±?11 years. AKI prevalence was 24% and mortality was 3.28%. Patients with AKI had a significantly lower FeU compared to those without AKI (23.89?±?0.67% vs. 34.22?±?0.58%; p?<?0.05) 6?h after CS, but not at the 1- and 24-h time points. NGAL was also statistically significant between both groups. FeU showed a 75% sensitivity and 79.5% specificity; the AUC was 0.786. ROC analysis of FeU and NGAL yielded similar values (p?=?NS). Conclusion: FeU is useful as an early biomarker to predict AKI after CS and it is comparable to the new biomarker NGAL.     

Assessment of Hemodialysis Adequacy by Ionic Dialysance: Comparison to Standard Method of Urea Removal

Background. The hemodialysis adequacy is one of the most important issues influencing the survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Assessment of measuring the delivered dialysis dose using clearance × time/volume (Kt/V) index requires multiple blood sampling. New methods for assessment of dialysis dose based on ionic dialysance (ID) have been suggested. Online conductivity monitoring (using sodium flux as a surrogate for urea) allows the repeated noninvasive measurement of Kt/V on each HD treatment. In this study we have compared this method with the standard method of estimating Kt/V. Methods. We studied 24 established HD patients over a 4 week time period. Patients were dialyzed using Fresenius 4008S dialysis monitors, equipped with modules to measure ID. Data were manually collected and analyzed using the appropriate statistical software. Urea removal (UR) was measured once a week by a two-pool calculation, estimating an eKt/V. Results. The Kt/V measured by ID highly correlated with the one derived from the measurement of the UR (r = 0.8959, p< 0.0001). The ID underestimated UR by the mean of 6%. The ID varied greatly within individual patients with a median of 1.29 ± 0.22. If the eKt/V ≥ 1.2 is considered adequate, 33% of the patients would have been inadequately dialyzed. The mean HD duration to achieve an adequate dialysis was 4 hours and 47 minutes with high interpatient variability. Conclusion. The ID seems to be an easily obtained measure of the delivered dialysis dose, correlating well with standard UR method. Substantial individual variations imply that repeated measures (ideally for all treatments) are necessary to obtain a real answer to the mean treatment dose being delivered to the patients.     

硝酸甘油软膏治疗肛裂的多中心随机对照研究

目的评价硝酸甘油软膏治疗肛裂的临床疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照的临床试验方法,从7个临床中心入组240例慢性肛裂患者,按随机数字表法随机分为试验组（硝酸甘油软膏,120例）和对照组（凡士林软膏,120例）,疗程为8周。比较两组肛裂愈合率、肛裂疼痛强度VAS评分、肛管静息压的变化及不良反应事件发生率。结果共有221例（92．1％）完成了试验,其中试验组114例,对照组107例。治疗终点（56d）,试验组和对照组肛裂愈合率分别为78．9％（90／114）和29．0％（31／107）,排粪后肛裂疼痛VAS评分下降率分别为（94．8±15．7）％和（61．2±35．7）％,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。试验组和对照组分别有12例和6例患者接受了肛门直肠测压,首次用药前后肛管静息压下降值试验组为（20．2±18．5）mmHg,对照组为（7．1±14．7）mmHg,但两组差异并无统计学意义（P=0．152）。试验组不良反应事件发生率明显高于对照组[42．1％（48／114）比913％（10／107）,P〈0．05],但不良反应事件主要为轻度的头痛、头胀,可自行缓解。结论硝酸甘油软膏可有效缓解肛裂疼痛,促进肛裂愈合,且使用安全、耐受性好。