红心大白菊挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的 :分析我国中药材GAP基地红心大白菊挥发油的化学成分 ,为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法 :采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取红心大白菊挥发油 ,用GC毛细管柱进行分析 ,归一化法测定其相对含量 ,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果 :检出 136个色谱峰 ,鉴定出 47个化合物 ,占挥发油总量的 62.24%。结论 :红心大白菊挥发油中 ,雪松醇、喇叭醇和 1-(1,5-二甲基-4-己烯基 )-4-甲基苯是其主要成分 ,以倍半萜类化合物喇叭醇含量最高 ,占总挥发油量的 13.9%。     

当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响

目的:观察当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响.方法:制作离体子宫平滑肌肌条,考察催产素、高钾去极化溶液存在条件下当归精油对子宫肌条反应的影响.结果:当归精油对催产素及高K 去极化液中Ca2 所致的离体子宫平滑肌收缩均呈剂量依赖性抑制;使CaCl2累积量-效曲线非平行性右移,最大效应下降,呈非竞争性抑制;且对子宫平滑肌依细胞内、外Ca2 两种收缩成分均呈抑制作用.结论:当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌条的抑制作用,可能与其拮抗Ca2 有关.     

3种方案治疗原发性高血压的成本-效果分析

目的 :评价原发性高血压3种药物治疗方案的成本 -效果。方法 :将143例门诊原发性高血压患者随机分为3组 ,A组 (47例 )给予氯沙坦钾 (50mg,1次/日 ) ;B组 (48例 )给予卡托普利 (25mg,2次/日 ) ;C组 (48例 )给予氯沙坦钾 (50mg,1次/日 )联用氢氯噻嗪 (25mg ,1次/日 ) ,均治疗4周 ,观察其疗效和不良反应 ,并运用成本 -效果分析方法比较其经济性。结果 :C组与A、B组比较 ,疗效具有显著性差异 (P<0 05) ;3组不良反应发生率无显著性差异 (P>0 05) ;C组C/E、ΔC/ΔE为3组中最低。结论 :C组方案为较佳治疗方案。     

长期服用苯那普利的高血压患者左室肥厚逆转与血管紧张素转换酶基因和Chymase基因多态性的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期服用苯那普利的原发性高血压患者左室肥厚逆转与血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性和Chymase(CMA)基因A/B多态性的关系。方法 收集157例原发性高血压伴左室肥厚患者24个月的随访资料;应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法检测ACE基因I/D多态性以及CMA基因A/B多态性;超声心动测量左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)。结果 (1)治疗后血压明显下降而心率改变不明显;(2)能明显逆转LVH;(3)ACE基因型间除左室质量(LVM)下降值及左室质量指数(LVMI)下降值在DD基因型明显大于Ⅱ型和ID型以外,其余各临床指标下降值在ACE基因型间的差异均无统计学意义;(4)CMA基因型间各临床指标下降值的差异均无统计学意义;(5)ACE基因中各基因型与CMA基因中各基因型间不存在交互作用;(6)多元线性逐步回归分析表明,仅ACE基因型与LVMI下降值有关。结论 长期服用苯那普利可以明显降低血压、逆转LVH;其中ACE基因为DD型的患者较其他基因型患者更易于LVH逆转,而CMA基因多态性与LVH逆转不相关;两种基因间不存在交互作用。     

高血压肾损害患者血清IL-22水平变化及其临床意义

目的：通过观察原发性高血压及高血压肾损害患者血清白细胞介素-22(IL-22)浓度变化及与相关指标的关 系,探讨其在高血压肾损害中的作用及临床意义。方法：收集97例原发性高血压患者,根据24 h尿蛋白定量结果分为 单纯高血压组(n=45)和高血压肾损害组(n=52),40例健康体检者为对照组。用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组血清IL-22 水平,流式细胞术检测外周血Th22细胞亚群比例,免疫比浊法测定超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的浓度,并进行相关性分 析。结果：与对照组相比,单纯高血压组血清IL-22水平升高,外周血Th22细胞比例明显上升(均P<0.01);高血压肾 损害组血清IL-22较单纯单纯高血压组升高(P<0.01),外周血Th22细胞亚群比例也高于单纯高血压组(P<0.05)。直线相 关分析显示：单纯高血压组血清IL-22与收缩压、舒张压及hsCRP水平呈正相关(r=0.367,P<0.01;r=0.402,P<0.01; r=0.329,P<0.05),与Th 22细胞比例呈正相关(r=0.478,P<0.01)。高血压肾损害组血清IL-22水平与24 h尿蛋白定量呈正 相关(r=0.318,P<0.05)。结论：高血压肾损害患者血清IL-22水平及外周血Th 22细胞比例均较单纯高血压患者升高,血 清IL-22水平和血压水平与高血压肾损害的程度呈正相关,提示其可能参与高血压肾损害的发生发展。     

Effect of Essential Oil on Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of essential oil treatment for type Ⅲ chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS). Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. Seventy type Ⅲ CP/CPPS patients were assigned to the essential oil group(35 cases) or almond placebo oil control group(35 cases) by a random number table. The oil was smeared by self-massage on the suprapubic and sacral region once a day for 4 weeks. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Syndrome Index(NIH-CPSI) and expressed prostatic secretions(EPS) were examined. The primary outcome was NIH-CPSI pain domain. The secondary outcomes included other NIH-CPSI domains and laboratory examinations of EPS. Adverse events were also observed. Results: Sixty-six subjects completed the full 4-week treatment. There was no significant difference between almond oil control and essential oil groups in terms of the total score of NIH-CPSI, pain, quality of life and urination domain scores of NIH-CPSI and EPS examinations(P0.05). In the essential oil group, pain between rectum and testicles(perineum) in the domain of pain or discomfort was significantly reduced at week 2 and week 4 compared with almond oil control group(P0.01). No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: The essential oil may reduce the pain or discomfort in the perineum region in patients with CP/CPPS.     

Risk conferred by tagged SNPs of AGT gene in causing susceptibility to essential hypertension

Introduction: AGT gene harbors several variants of which 21 are found to be in high linkage disequilibrium as per Hapmap database. Studies delineating the importance of these tagged SNPs are very limited and lacking from Indian population. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of four tagged SNPs namely, g.6635G?>?A, g.6506G?>?A, g.12840G?>?A, and g.13828T?>?C at AGT locus along with the analyses of haplotype and epistatic interactions in causing susceptibility to essential hypertension (EHT).

Methods: About 215 hypertensives and 230 normotensives were genotyped for selected tagged SNPs using PCR-RFLP method.

Results: Significant association was obtained for g.6635G?>?A and g.6506G?>?A polymorphisms wherein GG homozygotes for both the markers were at risk for developing the condition. g.13828T?>?C polymorphism specially, female heterozygotes (TC) were found to be at increased risk for EHT. Haplotype GGGC was found to have a significant protective effect (p?=?0.0059). Markers g.6506G?>?A and g.12840G?>?A resulted in the creation of new enhancer sites thereby affecting splicing process.

Conclusion: The present report is the first one in the literature showing general- and gender-specific association of g.6506G?>?A and g.13828T?>?C polymorphisms, respectively, with EHT. However, further studies for replication of present observations are warranted from other populations and other parts of India.     

益气化痰活血法对血脂正常的高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨益气化痰活血法对血脂正常的原发性高血压(Essential Hypertension,EH)患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法:218例EH患者按1∶1随机分为对照组和试验组。前者给予常规西医治疗,后者在常规治疗基础上加用益气化痰活血法。治疗30d,比较两组的临床效果、内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(Flow-mediated Vasodilation,FMD)和收缩压。结果:疗程结束时,试验组总有效率显著高于对照组(97.25%VS 86.24%,P0.05);试验组FMD显著高于对照组[(8.17±0.85)%VS(6.26±0.74)%,P0.05];试验组SBP明显低于对照组[(128.64±17.35)VS(134.72±19.57),P0.05]。结论:在常规西医治疗基础上加用益气化痰活血法能显著提高血脂正常EH患者的临床疗效,改善FMD和降低SBP。     

Commercial Carlinae radix herbal drug: Botanical identity,chemical composition and antimicrobial properties

Context: Carlinae radix is an herbal drug, commonly used by the locals in southeastern Serbia for the treatment of respiratory and urogenital diseases and, externally, for various skin conditions. There still seems to be no detailed studies correlating the chemical composition of this drug and its ethnopharmacological uses.

Objective: Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and mode of action of C. radix essential oil, isolated from commercial samples (confirmation of whose true biological identity was also the aim of this work) were analyzed. Antimicrobial potential of decoctions (extracts prepared by boiling plant material in a given solvent), used in ethnomedicine preferentially to the pure essential oil, was also investigated.

Materials and methods: The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was screened for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Effects of the oil on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus cells were investigated using turbidimetric measurements and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Analyses of the chemical composition of the oils were done using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Results and discussion: Both the essential oil and the decocts exhibited a very high antimicrobial activity against all tested strains, with S. aureus as the most sensitive one [e.g., for the oil sample the values for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.02, 0.04 µL/mL, respectively]. Growth curves of S. aureus demonstrated a significant decrease in turbidity (for the MIC concentration this amounted to ca. 70%) showing a concentration-dependent lysis of the cells, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Chemical composition, anatomical and morphological features of the sample pointed to Carlina acanthifolia L. (Asteraceae) instead of Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae).

Conclusion: The results showed significant antimicrobial effect of the essential oil and the decoctions and support the use of this plant in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various human infections, especially those caused by S. aureus. Adulteration of the drug would not cause significant differences in its biological activity, since chemical composition of the sample showed high similarity with those containing C. acaulis roots.     

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Oils of Eight Cinnamomum. species Against Aedes aegypti. and Aedes albopictus.

Abstract

The leaf oils of eight Cinnamomum. species (C. rhyncophyllum. Miq., C. microphyllum. Ridl., C. pubescens. Kochummen, C. mollissimum. Hook. f., C. impressicostatum. Kosterm, C. scortechinii. Gamb., C. sintoc. Bl., and C. cordatum. Kosterm) were investigated for their larvicidal and adulticidal activities against Aedes aegypti. (Aedes aegypti Lynn) and Aedes albopictus. (Aedes albopictus Skuse). Acute mortalities of the fourth instar larvae and the adult mosquitoes were determined according to the standard WHO methods. Among the essential oils studied, the leaf oils of C. rhyncophyllum., C. microphyllum., C. pubescens., C. mollissimum., and C. impressicostatum. showed significant effects against the larvae of Ae. aegypti. and Ae. albopictus. with concentrations that caused 50% mortality (LC₅₀) values of less than 12.8 and 11.8 µg ml^?1, respectively. The essential oils that showed strong larvicidal effects also demonstrated relatively strong adulticidal effects on the mosquitoes after 3 h exposure with LC₅₀ values ranging from 133.0 to 243.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. aegypti. and from 118.0 to 194.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. albopictus.. The efficacy of the oils toward the larvae and adult mosquitoes of both species was nonselective as the LC₅₀ values showed little variation. The chemical composition of the oils was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study suggested that the essential oils containing high levels of benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate exhibited strong insecticidal activities against the larvae and adult mosquitoes.