社区基本公共卫生服务标准及工作强度调整研究

目的确定社区基本公共卫生服务标准和工作强度。方法通过文献研究和专题讨论建立备选指标库;通过两轮德尔菲法专家咨询,确定"基本公共卫生服务标准";采取分层随机抽样方法抽取60家社区健康服务中心(社康中心)进行现场调查,测定各具体服务内容的工作时间及体力劳动、脑力劳动、精神压力3项工作强度,计算工作强度调整系数,对工作时间进行调整。结果社区基本公共卫生服务标准包括10项服务项目、28项服务类别、112项服务内容和365条工作步骤。工作强度最大的为终止妊娠(23.1分),其次是精神疾病患者上门访视(21.9分)、疫苗接种异常反应处理(21.8分),较轻的为空气紫外线消毒(12.1分)、冷链登记管理(13.3分)、出版宣传栏(13.5分)。调整后技术性较强、压力或风险较大的项目工作时间增多。结论基本公共卫生服务标准可作为制定社区基本公共卫生服务规范的基础和依据,对不同部门均有较好的实用价值。     

深圳市食物中毒来源金黄色葡萄球菌的分子流行病学分析

目的建立金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的分子分型技术,研究深圳市食物中毒来源金葡菌的分子流行病学特征。方法对食物中毒事件中食物链的不同环节均采集标本,进行金葡菌分离培养。对所分离菌株同时应用SPA分型及PFGE技术作分子流行病学分析。结果 136起疑似食物中毒事件中有12起能够从食物链不同环节分离到金葡菌,共59株。PFGE将59株金葡菌分为15个型别,在10起食物中毒事件的不同环节中分析到PFGE型别一致的菌株,分辨系数为0.87。SPA分型将59株金葡菌分为10个型别,在12起食物中毒事件中不同环节样品中分析到SPA型别一致的菌株,分辨系数为0.85。结论 PFGE的分辨力高于SPA分型;通过结合流行病学资料分析,12起食物中毒事件中有6起能够通过分子分型方法准确溯源。     

重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD的纯化及鉴定

目的从重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD毕赤酵母发酵液中分离纯化出抗菌肽纯品,并对其进行纯度、分子量和抗菌作用的鉴定。方法用离子交换和疏水层析法对发酵液中的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD进行分离纯化,用高效液相色谱法分析产物的纯度,再用基质辅助激光解析—飞行时间质谱仪对产物进行分子量鉴定,并结合传统微量肉汤稀释法和流式细胞术分析重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD纯品对E.coli敏感株及耐药株的抗菌作用。结果重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD经离子交换和疏水层析纯化后的纯度达到98.40%,分子量为4068.15Da,与所设计的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD大小相近。所纯化出的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD对E.coli的敏感株ATCC25922和产β-内酰胺酶耐药株株ATCC35218的抗菌作用均为MIC 8μg/m L,而头孢他啶和氨苄西林对耐药株ATCC35218的MIC的值分别为8μg/m L和>32μg/m L。结论成功纯化分离出具有自主知识产权的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD,其对E.coli敏感株和耐药株具有相同的抗菌效果。     

二类疫苗纳入深圳市社会医疗保险支付的需方调查研究

目的了解深圳市居民对二类疫苗纳入社会医疗保险支付范围的知晓情况及态度,探讨二类疫苗接种纳入社保支付的可行性。方法采用整群随机抽样方法对深圳市9所社康中心前来就诊的1 062名社区居民进行问卷调查。结果绝大多数社区居民均支持将二类疫苗接种纳入社会医疗保险支付范围。女性、较高文化程度者、本市户籍人口、管理或专业技术人员、综合医保参加者对二类疫苗接种纳入社保支付信息的了解程度显著较高;青年人、高中及以上文化程度者、管理者、技术人员及服务业人员认为有必要将二类疫苗纳入社保支付范围的比例显著较高。结论将二类疫苗接种纳入社会医疗保险支付范围存在巨大需求,但应加大政策宣传,扩大政策覆盖面。     

Impact of serum uric acid on subclinical myocardial injury in general population

Background and aimsHyperuricemia is widely thought as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality; however, the relation of serum uric acid (sUA) and subclinical myocardial injury (SCeMI) remains unclear. We hypothesize that sUA is associated with subclinical myocardial injury.Methods and resultsA total of 5880 adult individuals (57.9 ± 13.0 years, 54.23% women) without known cardiovascular disease from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III were included. Determined by Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) from 12-lead electrocardiogram, SCeMI was defined by CIIS ≥10 units. The relationship between sUA and SCeMI was analyzed by using logistic regression models and the smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were conducted. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the smooth curve fitting revealed a non-linear relationship between sUA level and SCeMI. When sUA was above the inflection point 266.5 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 15%. In women group, when sUA>340.3 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 71%, but no significant correlation was observed in men group.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that sUA is an independent risk factor for subclinical myocardial injury after adjusting for potential confounding variables, and existence of such an association in women only, which require more random control trials to confirm the strategy of cardiovascular disease prevention based on sUA reduction in female.     

Association between hepatic iron overload assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and glucose intolerance states in the general population

Background and aimWhile there is evidence that iron overload disorders are associated with type 2 diabetes, the relationship between hepatic iron overload and prediabetes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between hepatic iron overload, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and different glucose intolerance states in the population-based Study.Methods and resultsWe included data from 1622 individuals with MRI data, who did not have known type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Using an oral glucose tolerance testing, participants were classified as having isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), combined IFG and IGT (IFG + IGT) or previously unknown T2DM. Hepatic iron and fat contents were assessed through quantitative MRI. We undertook linear and multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders and MRI-assessed hepatic fat content to examine the association of hepatic iron overload with different glucose intolerance states or continuous markers of glucose metabolism.MRI-assessed hepatic iron overload was positively associated only with both 2-h plasma glucose (β = 0.32; 95%CI 0.04–0.60) and the combined IFG + IGT category (relative risk ratio = 1.87; 95%CI 1.15–3.06). No significant associations were found between hepatic iron overload and other glucose intolerance states or biomarkers of glucose metabolism, independently of potential confounders.ConclusionsMRI-assessed hepatic iron overload was associated with higher 2-h glucose concentrations and the combined IFG + IGT category, but not with other glucose intolerance states. Our findings suggest a weak adverse impact of hepatic iron overload on glucose metabolism, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings.     

Joint effect of physical activity and blood lipid levels on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study

Background and aimsWe aimed to evaluate the joint effect of physical activity (PA) and blood lipid levels on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.Methods and resultsWe analyzed 17,236 participants from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study. Cox's proportional-hazards regression models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the joint effect of PA and blood lipid levels and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the dose–response relationship of PA with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. During a median follow-up of 6.01 years there were 1106 deaths (484 from CVD) among participants. For all-cause mortality, compared with the group with dyslipidemia and extremely light PA (ELPA), the HRs with dyslipidemia and light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), and heavy PA (HPA) were 0.56 (95% CI 0.45–0.70), 0.59 (0.46–0.75), and 0.59 (0.45–0.78), respectively, while the HRs of groups with normal lipid levels and ELPA, LPA, MPA, and HPA were 0.88 (0.72–1.04), 0.59 (0.48–0.73), 0.53 (0.41–0.67), and 0.38 (0.29–0.50), respectively. We observed similar effects on CVD mortality. Restricted cubic splines showed a curvilinear relationship between PA and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality with normal lipid levels and with dyslipidemia.ConclusionHigher PA reduces the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Higher levels of PA are needed in the population.     

High leptin status indicates an increased risk of mortality and heart failure in stable coronary artery disease

Background and aimsLeptin is an adipocyte-derived peptide involved in energy homeostasis and body weight regulation. The position of leptin in cardiovascular pathophysiology remains controversial. Some studies suggest a detrimental effect of hyperleptinemia on the cardiovascular (CV) system, while others assume the role of leptin as a neutral or even protective factor. We have explored whether high leptin affects the mortality and morbidity risk in patients with stable coronary heart disease.Methods and resultsWe followed 975 patients ≥6 months after myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization in a prospective study. All-cause or cardiovascular death, non-fatal cardiovascular events (recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, or any revascularization), and hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) we used as outcomes.High serum leptin concentrations (≥18.9 ng/mL, i.e., 4th quartile) were associated with worse survival, as well as with a higher incidence of fatal vascular events or hospitalizations for HF. Even after full adjustment for potential covariates, high leptin remained to be associated with a significantly increased 5-years risk of all-cause death [Hazard risk ratio (HRR) 2.10 (95%CIs:1.29–3.42), p < 0.003], CV death [HRR 2.65 (95%CIs:1.48–4.74), p < 0.001], and HF hospitalization [HRR 1.95 (95% CIs:1.11–3.44), p < 0.020]. In contrast, the incidence risk of non-fatal CV events was only marginally and non-significantly influenced [HRR 1.27 (95%CIs:0.76–2.13), p = 0.359].ConclusionsHigh leptin concentration entails an increased risk of mortality, apparently driven by fatal CV events and future worsening of HF, on top of conventional CV risk factors and the baseline status of left ventricular function.     

肺结核患者社区治疗管理调查分析

目的: 分析肺结核患者社区治疗管理情况,为进一步提高肺结核患者规则服药率、获得较好治疗转归提供科学依据。方法: 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2017年7月1日至2018年6月30日在北京市丰台区4家结核病定点医院诊断、治疗,并由25家社区卫生服务机构督导随访的228例已结案肺结核患者作为研究对象。收集社区卫生服务机构对患者开始督导、停止督导时间,定点医院记录的患者开始治疗、停止治疗时间,以及社区卫生服务机构和定点医院记录的复诊、中断治疗和药物不良反应发生情况;分析社区督导随访表和定点医院病历记录的以上信息的一致性。结果: 所有患者在社区接到督导通知后3个工作日内得到访视。患者的随访方式均为电话随访,督导人员均为家属。成功治疗203例(其中治愈60例,完成疗程143例),占89.0%。患者第1个月及第3~6个月的复诊率社区卫生服务机构记录分别为100.0%(228/228)、99.5%(221/222)、99.1%(215/217)、99.1% (209/211)、100.0%(209/209),定点医院病历记录分别为96.9%(221/228)、96.4%(214/222)、94.9%(205/216)、95.2%(198/208)、95.7%(198/207),差异均有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率检验,P值分别为0.016、0.036、0.004、0.004、0.004)。社区卫生机构督导记录中中途断药者9例(3.5%),定点医院记录中中途断药者20例(8.3%),差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率检验,P=0.014)。社区卫生机构记录发生药物不良反应者41例(18.0%),定点医院记录发生药物不良反应者68例(29.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.400,P=0.001)。70.2%(160/228)的患者在医院开始治疗5d内获得社区卫生机构督导服务,76.8%(175/228)的患者在定点医院停止治疗5d内社区卫生机构停止督导。结论: 肺结核患者在社区卫生服务机构和定点医院记录的复诊、断药和药物不良反应情况等信息不一致,应加强肺结核患者治疗和督导管理数据的信息化和双向传输,加强对结核病专科医院和定点医院信息录入、社区卫生服务机构患者随访的质量控制。