耳穴贴压法对于脑卒中后抑郁伴失眠的临床效果与分析

目的评价耳穴贴压改善脑卒中后发生抑郁症失眠患者睡眠状况的临床效果。方法入组30例脑卒中后抑郁失眠患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组的患者进行抗抑郁常规治疗;观察组的患者,在常规治疗的基础上,加用耳穴贴压。评估和比较两组患者的睡眠状态,包括睡眠质量视觉模拟量表(VAS),生理时钟问卷(morningness-eveningness questionnaire,MEQ和睡眠日记以及抑郁症状。结果与对照组相比较,观察组的睡眠质量VAS评分得到了明显的改善(36.1±3.7 vs16.2±5.1,P0.05),MEQ评分,汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分和贝克抑郁量表评分均得到了明显的改善。结论耳穴贴压可以改善脑卒中后抑郁伴失眠患者的睡眠质量。     

睡眠质量、生活事件与新发脑梗死关系的研究

目的 探讨生活事件刺激及睡眠质量对脑梗死发病的影响,并进一步研究其对脑梗死严重程度及 卒中后情绪障碍的影响。 方法 入组新发脑梗死患者与非脑梗死患者（对照组）,比较两组的一般临床资料,分析脑梗死 的危险因素,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI）量表进行病前1个月睡 眠质量评价,生活事件量表（Life Event Scale,LES）进行病前生活事件刺激量评估,并在患者住院 第一周内采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表评价情绪障碍,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 （National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）、日常生活能力量表（Activity of Daily Living Scale, ADL）评价发病严重情况。 结果 共纳入脑梗死组95例,对照组85例。单因素分析结果显示,脑梗死组的生活事件量表得分 显著高于对照组[6.00（14.00）vs 0.00（6.25）,P <0.001],其中负性生活事件得分显著高于对照组 [6.00（16.00）vs 0.00（3.25）,P <0.001];PSQI总得分脑梗死组高于对照组[8.50（7.00）vs 6.00（6.5）, （P =0.007）],其中有5项睡眠质量因子分别为主观睡眠质量（P =0.021）、睡眠潜伏期（P =0.034）、 睡眠持续性（P =0.002）、睡眠紊乱（P =0.023）、白天功能紊乱（P =0.012）的得分均显著高于对照 组;非条件性Logistic回归分析提示负性事件[比值比（odds ratio,OR）1.054,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.003～1.108,P =0.038）、睡眠持续性（OR 1.601,95%CI 1.133～2.264,P =0.008）及舒 张压（OR 1.037,95%CI 1.006～1.069,P =0.019）是脑梗死的危险因素。另外,在脑梗死患者中,病 前睡眠障碍患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分较无睡眠障碍者显著增高[9.00（15.00）vs 0.00（8.00）, P =0.047]。 结论 生活事件、睡眠障碍均对脑梗死发病率有影响,其中负性生活事件、睡眠持续性、舒张压高 是脑梗死的独立危险因素,病前睡眠障碍有可能引起更严重的卒中后抑郁症状。     

放松训练联合帕罗西汀用于脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠患者的疗效

目的探究放松训练用于脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠患者的改善效果。方法研究对象选取为2010年12月~2016年12月之间我院收治的150例脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠患者,采用数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组,各75例。对照组单纯应用帕罗西汀治疗,治疗组则在对照组基础上加用放松训练,两组患者均连续治疗2个月,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和睡眠脑电图对两组患者治疗前和治疗后的睡眠状况进行评价对比。并对比两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)的评分结果。结果治疗前两组患者的HAMA、HAMD、PSQI评分对比无显著差异(P0.05),治疗后研究组的HAMA、HAMD、PSQI评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗前两组患者的各项脑电图参数对比无显著差异(P0.05),治疗1个月、治疗2个月时治疗组的睡眠潜伏期(SL)、睡眠总时间(TSA)、觉醒次数(AT)、觉醒时间(ASA)与对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论放松训练联合帕罗西汀用于脑卒中后焦虑抑郁合并失眠症状患者能够更加有效的改善患者的睡眠状况和焦虑抑郁情绪,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

缺血性卒中恢复期伴失眠的危险因素研究

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者恢复期伴失眠的临床及神经心理学危险因素。方法纳入225例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,在卒中后3个月进行失眠及神经心理学评估。失眠的评估采用标准的失眠问卷,抑郁症状评估采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HDS),焦虑症状评估采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAS)。比较失眠及非失眠2组间的临床及神经心理学指标,应用Logistic回归分析失眠的影响因素。结果 67例(29.8%)存在失眠。失眠患者入院NIHSS评分及HDS评分较非失眠者更高(P0.05),卒中前失眠更常见(52.2%vs.12.7%,P0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,卒中前失眠症状(OR=2.729,95%CI=1.550~4.804,P=0.001)及HDS(OR=1.240,95%CI=1.158~1.327,P0.001)均为缺血性卒中患者伴失眠的独立危险因素。结论缺血性卒中恢复期伴失眠十分常见。卒中前存在失眠症状以及卒中后抑郁症状的严重程度是伴失眠的主要影响因素。     

百乐眠胶囊治疗脑卒中急性期失眠患者的临床疗效

目的：观察百乐眠胶囊治疗脑卒中急性期失眠的临床疗效。方法将144例缺血性脑卒中伴失眠患者按照服药情况分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均按照脑卒中临床路径规范治疗,观察组给予百乐眠胶囊治疗（4粒,2次／d）,对照组给予阿普唑仑治疗（0．4 mg／d）,治疗期间观察药物不良反应及患者症状改善情况,治疗前及治疗3周后分别通过匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表进行睡眠质量评价,通过改良Rankin量表对患者的生活能力进行评价。结果治疗3周后两组患者睡眠质量、生活自理能力均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）,且观察组的日间功能障碍评分和改良Rankin量表评分较对照组改善更佳,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论百乐眠胶囊对脑卒中急性期失眠患者的疗效显著,尤其是在日间功能障碍改善方面。     

失眠患者与健康人睡眠感知水平的对比分析

目的 研究失眠患者与健康人之间对睡眠状况主观感知和客观评估的差异,进一步探讨失眠患者主观睡眠感知的特点.方法 通过睡眠日记晨间评估项目和多导睡眠图监测获取受试者的睡眠自我评估参数及客观睡眠参数.采用失眠严重程度指数.焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表等描述失眠程度并进行初步相关分析.结果 与正常对照组相比,失眠组受试者的睡眠自我评估参数和多导睡眠图监测参数均显示睡眠潜伏期和觉醒时间延长,睡眠效率下降和总睡眠时间减少,组间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01).组内比较,两组受试者睡眠自我评估参数与多导睡眠图监测参数之间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),但失眠组这种差异较对照组更为显著(P<0.05).尤其足对睡眠潜伏期的评估误差.失眠组受试者睡眠自我评估误差呈现双向性.失眠组受试者焦虑自评量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分高于对照组(P<0.01),并与失眠严重程度指数呈正相关(P<0.01),焦虑自评量表评分与睡眠自我评估参数中的睡眠潜伏期呈正相关(P<0.01).结论 失眠患者睡眠质量下降,其对睡眠状态的自我评估误差显著高于健康受试者,且具有双向误差之特点,包括对睡眠状态的低估(夸大睡眠障碍)和对睡眠状态的高估(忽视夜间的睡眠缺失).焦虑情绪可能与睡眠潜伏期感知误差具有直接相关性.     

中西医联合康复治疗对急性期脑卒中并发抑郁患者的治疗效果研究

目的探究中西医联合康复治疗对急性期脑卒中并发抑郁患者的治疗效果。方法选取我院收治的急性期脑卒中后抑郁患者310例,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予常规康复治疗,观察组给予中西医联合康复治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后神经功能NIHSS评分和抑郁HAMD评分,和治疗后两组患者抑郁情绪、睡眠障碍、迟缓、焦虑和疑病因子评分。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者的NIHSS评分和HAMD评分均明显减小(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组治疗后的NIHSS评分和HAMD评分均较低(P0.05)。治疗后观察组抑郁情绪、睡眠障碍、迟缓、焦虑和疑病5个因子评分水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论中西医联合康复治疗对于急性期脑卒中后抑郁患者有很好的临床治疗效果,有利于脑卒中患者康复。     

临床心理护理程序对食管癌患者的干预效果分析

目的 探讨临床心理护理程序对食管癌患者的干预效果.方法 选取本院2018年9月～2020年9月收治的92例食管癌患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将研究对象随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组46例患者给予常规护理,观察组46例患者在对照组基础上给予临床心理护理程序.观察对比两组患者护理前后的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、Piper疲乏修订量表(RPFS)评分和匹兹堡睡眠障碍指数量表(PSQI)评分,以及护理满意度.结果 观察组患者护理后的HAMA评分、HAMD评分、RPFS评分和PSQI评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组患者护理满意度(95.65％)高于对照组(71.74％)(P＜0.05).结论 临床心理护理程序可有效缓解食管癌患者的负面情绪,减轻其癌因性疲乏,改善睡眠质量,提高患者的护理满意度,值得临床推广应用.     

原发性失眠患者神经心理及认知功能研究

目的探讨原发性失眠(PI)患者神经心理、认知功能的改变及其与失眠严重程度的相关性。方法采用病例-对照研究,符合ICD-10诊断标准的原发性失眠患者40名,对照组为正常睡眠者(NS)50名。两组均行匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、WHO-UCLA词语学习、划销实验量表测定,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果 PI组PSQI、HAMA、HAMD评分均高于对照组,词语学习能力、数字划销工作效率下降(P0.05)。PI组患者睡眠质量下降与焦虑情绪有明显正相关性(r=0.350),学历、病程及HAMD评分与睡眠质量存在线性关系(α=0.1,F=13.44,P0.05)。对影响认知功能相关因素进行回归分析,睡眠质量及HAMA评分与认知功能有显著相关性(α=0.1,F=12.943,P0.05)。结论 PI患者睡眠质量、认知功能下降,焦虑、抑郁情绪明显。睡眠质量与焦虑情绪显著相关,睡眠质量的下降可引起认知功能下降。     

帕罗西汀联合心理治疗对产后抑郁患者负面情绪及睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨帕罗西汀联合心理治疗对产后抑郁患者负面情绪及睡眠质量的影响。方法选取2017年1月~2019年6月我院收治的111例产后抑郁症患者作为主要研究对象。按随机数字表法将研究对象随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均接受心理治疗。在此基础上,对照组(55例)给予马普替林治疗,观察组(56例)给予帕罗西汀治疗,观察对比两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表评分(PSQI)和神经递质水平、神经营养因子水平,及治疗后临床疗效和简明健康状况调查表(SF-36)评分。结果治疗后,观察组患者HAMD、PSQI评分低于对照组(P<0.05),SF-36评分、5-HT、BDNF水平及总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论帕罗西汀联合心理治疗能够有效缓解产后抑郁患者负面情绪,改善睡眠质量,提升其生活质量。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

Increase in cathepsin D activity in rat brain in aging

Cathepsin D-like activity in homogenates of five brain areas of 3-month-old and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats was measured. With hemoglobin as substrate at pH 3.2, more than 90% of the activity was inhibited by pepstatin. In each area studied, activity was more than twice as high in the old rat brain: 140-160% higher in the cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, and striatum and 90-100% higher in the hippocampus and spinal cord. The greatly increased metabolic capacity in the absence of an increase in protein turnover may have a role in age-related pathological degeneration in the brain.