氟西汀合并小剂量利培酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及安全性分析

目的　探讨小剂量利培酮对氟西汀治疗难治性抑郁症的辅助效果及安全性。方法将101例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为2组: (1)氟西汀合并利培酮组(以下简称合并利培酮组):在氟西汀(20mg/d)治疗的同时合并应用利培酮(0 5 ~2 0mg/d)。共入组51例,其中男26例,女25例;平均年龄(42±13)岁。实际完成试验者49例。( 2 )氟西汀组:单用氟西汀( 20mg/d)治疗。共入组50例,其中男24例,女26例;平均年龄(41±12)岁。实际完成试验者46例。两组持续治疗观察期均为4周。于入组前、入组后第1, 2, 4周末分别应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD, 17项)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及副反应量表进行评定。结果　(1)治疗第2, 4周末, 两组间HAMD、HAMA总分及减分率的差异有统计学意义(P<0 05或P<0 01 )。( 2 )合并利培酮组的总有效率为67%,痊愈和显效占51%。氟西汀组的总有效率为26%,痊愈和显效占18%。两组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0 05)。(3)合并利培酮组患者中27例出现不良反应,占53%;氟西汀组为21例,占40%,两组患者的副反应均较轻微。结论　氟西汀合并小剂量利培酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效优于单用氟西汀,安全性较好,是临床治疗中可选用的方法之一。     

抑郁症和冠心病共病患者的临床特征

目的:探讨伴发冠心病的抑郁症患者的临床特征.方法:对50例伴有冠心病的抑郁症患者(共病组)和50例单纯抑郁症患者(抑郁组),使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评定临床表现和社会功能,使用舍曲林治疗12周后再次评定.结果:人组及治疗12周末,共病组HAM...     

脑卒中患者心理健康调查分析

目的 了解脑卒中患者的心理健康水平.方法 对82例脑卒中患者进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定.结果 脑卒中患者的心理健康水平较低,常有明显的焦虑和抑郁等.结论 对脑卒中患者常规治疗的同时,应特别关注病人的心理健康,加强心理治疗,必要时及时应用抗抑郁或抗焦虑药物.     

齐拉西酮对难治性抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的:探讨氟西汀联合齐拉西酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和安全性. 方法:76例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为合用组(氟西汀联合齐拉西酮)39例,单用组(单用氟西汀)37例.疗程8周.于治疗前及治疗2、4、8周分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应. 结果:两组HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),以合用组在治疗各周降分更为明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).两组药物不良反应相仿. 结论:氟西汀联合齐拉西酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效明显优于单用氟西汀,安全性较高.     

无抽搐电痉挛治疗难治性抑郁症的对照研究

目的 探讨无抽搐电痉挛治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法 采用入院顺序分层随机法,将65例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为研究组(无抽搐电痉挛治疗)和对照组(抗抑郁剂治疗),共观察4周,在治疗前及治疗第1周末、第2周末、第4周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应.结果 治疗第1周末,研究组HAMD及HAMA评分较治疗前均有显著性降低(P＜0.05),而对照组均无显著性改善.治疗第1周末、第2周末及第4周末,研究组的HAMD及HAMA评分均显著低于对照组,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).研究组未出现严重不良反应.结论 无抽搐电痉挛治疗是治疗难治性抑郁症快速、有效、安全的首选方法 之一.     

艾司西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗难治性抑郁症患者的对照研究

目的:比较艾司西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和安全性方法:74例门诊和住院的难治性抑郁症患者,随机分为研究组38例(艾司西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗)和对照组36例(单用艾司西酞普兰治疗),治疗8周.采用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HA-MA)评价症状严重程度,治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应. 结果:两组治疗后HAMD和HAMA评分较治疗前均有显著性降低(P均＜0.01);第8周研究组与对照组有效率分别为57.9％、33.3％,两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组和对照组与药物不良反应差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论:艾司西酞普兰合并奎硫平治疗难治性抑郁症与单用艾司西酞普兰相比,起效较快,疗效较好,同样安全.     

脑卒中急性期患者家属负性心理情况调查分析

目的 了解脑卒中急性期患者家属的心理健康水平及其相关因素,并采取有效措施,以增进患者的社会支持,减少医患纠纷,促进患者早日康复.方法 对108 例脑卒中患者家属进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表( HAMD) 及汉密尔顿焦虑量表( HAMA) 评定.结果 脑卒中急性期患者家属的心理健康水平较低,常有明显的焦虑和抑郁等.结论 对脑卒中患者常规治疗的同时,还应关注患者家属的心理健康,加强心理疏导治疗,必要时可应用抗抑郁或抗焦虑药物,以增进脑卒中患者家属及社会支持,促进脑卒中患者早日康复.     

国产与进口文拉法辛对抑郁症患者汉密尔顿抑郁及焦虑量表因子分影响的比较

目的研究文拉法辛缓释片(博乐欣)与文拉法辛缓释胶囊(怡诺思)对抑郁症患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表及其因子分的影响有无差异。方法72例抑郁症患者被纳入随机、双盲双模拟、对照研究。在基线期、第2、4、6、8周末对患者予17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17,HAMD17)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)进行评估。结果博乐欣组对于体质量因子分的影响较怡诺思组早,在第2周末两者有差异(Z=3.16,P<0.01),其后两组无差异;博乐欣组对于认知因子分的影响比怡诺思组早,第6周末开始出现这种差异(Z=2.43,P<0.05),一直持续到用药的第8周末(Z=2.12,P<0.05);两药对于HAMA及其各因子分影响与怡诺思组无差异。结论博乐欣对患者总体抑郁症状具有稳定持续的疗效,且至少与怡诺思的疗效相一致,但对于体质量及认知功能障碍症状明显的患者博乐欣可能是更好的选择。     

重复经颅磁刺激与无抽搐电休克联合度洛西汀治疗难治性抑郁症对照研究

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)与无抽搐电休克(MECT)联合度洛西汀治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法将难治抑郁症患者60例随机分为rTMS组(rTMS+度洛西汀)30例和MECT组(MECT+度洛西汀)30例,2组均观察治疗8周,治疗前及治疗2、4、8周末用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)进行评分,以减分率评定疗效。采用副反应量表(TESS)评价不良反应。结果治疗2周末MECT组HAMD总分减分率显著大于rTMS组(P0.05),4周末、8周末2组减分率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 rTMS与MECT联合度洛西汀治疗难治性抑郁症疗效相当,且rTMS组不良反应相对较轻。     

奥氮平辅助治疗难治性抑郁症的观察

目的 探讨抗抑郁剂合并奥氮平治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法 共收集难治性抑郁症患者50例，在原抗抑郁剂的基础上合并中、合并小剂量奥氮平治疗3周，用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)，汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效，用副反应量表(TESS)观察不良反应。结果 治疗6周后，临床痊愈或显著进步为46％(23例)，22％(11例)进步，副反应轻微。结论 奥氮平辅助治疗难治性抑郁症安全有效。     

Altered serous levels of monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites in patients with refractory and non-refractory depression

The study examined plasma metabolite changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non-TRD before and after therapy. All 30 TRD and 30 non-TRD patients met the diagnostic criteria for a depressive episode in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Before treatment, and at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment, the plasma metabolite products of monoamine neurotransmitters in TRD group, including 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol and homovanillic acid, were significantly lower than those in the non-TRD group. After two types of anti-depressive therapy with 5-serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, combined with psychotherapy, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were significantly reduced in both groups of patients, and the serous levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol were significantly increased. In contrast, the homovanillic acid level exhibited no significant change. The levels of plasma metabolite products of peripheral monoamine neurotransmitters in depressive patients may predict the degree of depression and the therapeutic effects of treatment.     

Electroconvulsive therapy in patients with diagnoses other than major depression and/or difficult characteristics: A combined psychiatric–anesthesiological approach based on a retrospective chart analysis

Though electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) requires a close cooperation between anesthesiology and psychiatry, literature lacks of approaches that consider both disciplines in parallel. Special problems might be posed by patients with complicated features or ECT-indications other than treatment-refractory depression (TRD). Considering these patients there is a particular paucity of data, especially regarding anesthesiological aspects. Therefore, we sought (1) to discuss special issues of the peri-interventional management of non-TRD-cases from a combined psychiatric–anesthesiological point of view and (2) to assess the efficacy of ECT in the classical indication of TRD as compared to cases undergoing ECT for other indications or under difficult conditions (non-TRD) by means of Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale scores. A retrospective chart analysis of patients treated with ECT between the years 2009 and 2011 at the University of Ulm, Department of Psychiatry, was conducted. Special anesthesiological efforts were necessary in cohort non-TRD. There was no difference in the clinical outcome between cohort non-TRD (n=7) and TRD (n=22) with a median CGI-I score of 2 (“much improved”) in both groups. Close cooperation between psychiatry and anesthesiology is indispensable in non-TRD patients. Our results provide preliminary evidence that ECT is equally effective in the standard indication of TRD compared to other indications.     

难治性抑郁症优化治疗方案的研究

目的 探讨难治性抑郁症的优化治疗方案.方法 对1128例抑郁症患者根据随机数字表随机接受三环类抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂及选择性5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂治疗,每种药物的疗程均为6周;治疗中经上述1种药物治疗无效者随机换用上述另外两类药中的1种,继续治疗6周;仍无效且药物依从性好者构成难治性抑郁症则进入优化治疗方案(分别合用锂盐、甲状腺素、改良电休克、第二代抗精神病药及认知行为治疗等).1128例中非难治性抑郁症患者(非难治性抑郁症组)987例,难治性抑郁症患者(难治性抑郁症组)141例.于基线和治疗第1,2,4,6周末采用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)评定疗效.结果 治疗第6周末,非难治性抑郁症组总有效率为73.86%,难治性抑郁症组为58.87%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).难治性抑郁症组分别合并使用锂盐(54.3%)、甲状腺素(57.9%)、改良电休克(57.1%)、第二代抗精神病药(62.5%)及认知行为治疗(63.6%)等优化方案的总体有效率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 合并优化方案治疗可提高超过50%的难治性抑郁症患者的疗效.     

重症肌无力患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分分析

目的探讨重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HDRS)评分情况及其影响因素分析。方法横断面研究2013-07—2015-03作者医院就诊的188例MG患者的临床资料和HDRS评分情况,并根据HDRS评分将其分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,分析两组MG患者的临床特点及其与HDRS评分间的关系。结果所纳入MG患者男女比例为1.02∶1,眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)和全身型重症肌无力(generalized myasthenia gravis,GMG)的比例为1.2∶1,以OMG起病和以GMG起病患者的比例为6.2∶1,病程中位数为2年,四分位数间距为1.8年,平均量化重症肌无力评分(quantitative myasthenia gravis,QMG)为(6.7±2.3)分,平均HDRS评分为(8.7±3.4)分,并发抑郁者65例,未并发抑郁者123例。影响HDRS评分和抑郁发生的相关因素包括性别(P0.01)、MG类型(P0.01)、QMG得分(P0.01)和美国重症肌无力协会(myasthenia gravis foundation of America,MGFA)分型(P0.01)、有无甲状腺功能亢进(P0.05)。结论影响MG患者HDRS评分和抑郁发生的相关因素包括性别、MG类型、QMG评分和MGFA分型、有无甲状腺功能亢进,充分认识其抑郁发生情况有利于更好地治疗MG。     

Treatment-resistant depression and labor market affiliation in the Danish welfare society: a register-based study

Purpose

We explored if patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) go through different states of labor market affiliation during their course of illness before they return to work or obtain early retirement as compared to patients without TRD.

Methods

All adults between 18 and 58 years with a first-time hospital contact due to depression in Danish patients’ registers from 2000 to 2014 were followed in a nationwide labor market database. At time of TRD (index week), TRD patients were matched with patients without TRD in a 1:2 ratio. Sequence analysis and logistic regression were applied to explore the association of TRD and labor market affiliation and measures of transitions between labor market states 52 weeks before and after the index week.

Results

At the index week, 14.1% of patients with TRD were in employment, whereas the proportion was 26.4% among non-TRD patients. Over time, the proportion of patients in employment increased slightly to 25.5% for TRD and 33.7% for non-TRD patients. The proportion of TRD patients with sickness absence at index was 47.0%, while the proportion was 26.2% for non-TRD patients. The adjusted odds of a below mean volatility of labor market transitions, characterized by more episodes in passive social transfer payments and disability pension, were higher among patients with TRD compared with non-TRD patients (OR 1.63, 95% CI [1.56–1.69]). Similarly, the adjusted odds of a below mean integration into employment were 1.63 higher among TRD patients compared with non-TRD patients (95% CI [1.56–1.70]).

Conclusion

Patients with TRD have higher levels of sickness absence and lower levels of reintegration into the labor market after meeting the criteria for TRD compared with patients without TRD.

     

脑卒中后急性期抑郁症及相关因素分析

目的 探讨脑卒中后急性期抑郁症的发生率及相关因素.方法 对178例脑卒中急性期患者采用自制的一般情况调查表.汉密尔顿抑郁量表进行调查评分,通过头CT或MRI进行卒中病灶定位,并根据改良的爱丁堡斯堪的那维亚神经功能缺损评分表(SSS)对急性期进行评分,日常生活能力量表判定日常生活能力.结果 脑卒中后抑郁的发生率为38.8%,脑卒中后抑郁严重程度以轻中度者居多(86.9%),脑卒中后抑郁相关因素有文化程度高、经济条件差、病灶部位、神经功能缺损及日常生活能力受限.结论 脑卒中后抑郁有较高的发生率,脑卒中后抑郁与文化程度高、经济条件差、病灶部位、神经功能缺损程度及日常生活能力等密切相关.     

An Evaluation of the Clinical and Economic Burden Among Older Adult Medicare-Covered Beneficiaries With Treatment-Resistant Depression

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical and economic burden of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) among older adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to non-TRD MDD and non-MDD patients.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using 5% Medicare data (January 1, 2012–December 31, 2015) for MDD patients aged ≥65 years who were defined as TRD if they received ≥2 antidepressant treatments in the current episode. MDD patients not meeting TRD criteria were deemed non-TRD MDD; those without an MDD diagnosis were categorized as non-MDD. All were required to have continuous health plan enrollment for ≥6 months pre- and ≥12 months postindex date (index: first antidepressant claim/random [non-MDD]). Three cohorts were matched, and generalized linear and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare medication use, healthcare resource utilization, costs, and risks of initial hospitalization and readmission ≤30 days postdischarge from initial hospitalization.ResultsAfter matching, 178 patients from each cohort were analyzed. During 12 months of follow-up, TRD patients had higher use of different antidepressants and antipsychotics, higher inpatient and emergency room visits, longer inpatient stays, and higher total healthcare costs ($24,543 versus $16,059, $8,058) than non-TRD MDD and non-MDD cohorts, respectively (all p <0.05). Risk of initial hospitalization was higher in the TRD (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.08–6.23) and non-TRD MDD cohorts (HR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.02–3.25) than the non-MDD cohort.ConclusionsThe burden of MDD among older adult Medicare beneficiaries is substantial, and even greater among those with TRD compared to non-TRD MDD, demonstrating the need for more effective treatments than those currently available.     

帕金森病伴抑郁患者的弥散张量成像初步研究

目的 探讨PD伴抑郁与脑组织感兴趣区微观结构变化的相关性。方法 根据DSM-IV将40例PD患者分成PD伴抑郁组和PD非抑郁组; 对2组进行DTI检查,测定感兴趣区的FA值,对PD伴抑郁组患者行汉密尔顿抑郁量表评估。结果 PD伴抑郁组额叶白质FA值(0.307±0.044)、扣带回前部白质FA值(0.297±0.02)较PD非抑郁组额叶白质FA值(0.370±0.31)、扣带回前部白质FA值(0.324±0.02)明显下降,(P<0.05),其余各ROI的FA值无明显差异(P>0.05)。PD伴抑郁与额叶白质及扣带回前部白质FA值有关(OR=0.00,OR=0.00,P<0.05)。PD伴抑郁组患者额叶白质、扣带回前部白质FA值与HAMD量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.615, r=-0.515,P<0.05)结论 PD伴抑郁患者额叶及扣带回前部白质微观结构存在变化,且此种变化的严重程度与抑郁程度有关。     

老年与非老年抑郁症的临床特征差异

目的:探讨老年期抑郁症的临床特征。方法:以60例老年期抑郁症患者作老年组,选60例非老年期抑郁症患者为非老年组。对两组分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表进行评定。结果:老年组抑郁症状中激越和疑病症状显著高于非老年组(P<0.01),老年组的躯体症状中自主神经系统症状、心血管系统症状和消化系统症状显著高于非老年组(P<0.05或P<0.01);躯体性焦虑和认知障碍、焦虑/躯体化和睡眠障碍的严重程度均显著高于非老年组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:老年期抑郁症激越、疑病、躯体症状、焦虑、睡眠障碍及认知障碍等更加突出。     

米氮平治疗难治性抑郁症的临床对照研究

目的 探讨米氮平治疗难治性抑郁症患者的疗效与不良反应。方法 随机选取78例难治性抑郁症患者,分别给予米氮平及原用药单一治疗,并分别于入组前,治疗后第1、2、4、6周进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMI),临床疗效总评量表(CGI),副反应量表(TESS)评定。结果 6周时换用组总显进率为57.5％,好转率为77.5％,明显优于原药维持组(P<0.01);换用组HAMD总分第1周时相对治疗前有显著性下降(P<0.05),1、2周时米氮平好转率分别为20.0％和57.5％,且第2周时显著高于同期对照组(P<0.01);副反应比较,换用组以嗜睡和体重增加者比例上升,但较轻微,TESS总分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),尤其在焦虑失眠和性功能障碍方面比率显著减少(P<0.01)。结论 米氮平治疗难治性抑郁症疗效肯定,副反应少且轻微,是临床上较好的换药措施之一。