MRI成像和微血管减压术对原发性三叉神经痛责任血管的分析报告

目的 对照分析三叉神经痛的磁共振断层血管成像(MRTA)不同成像序列表现并结合微血管减压术中所见,明确导致三叉神经痛的“责任血管”.方法 回顾128例经临床诊断为原发性三又神经痛并行微血管减压术(MVD)患者的临床资料;全部行MRTA检查,采用3D— TOF、B— TFE、THRIVE及MIP序列扫描,对病变侧三叉神经进行轴位、矢状位、冠状位重建,观察血管神经走行关系,并与MVD所见进行比较分析,判断责任血管.结果 本组128例患者,分别根据MRTA的B — TFE、3D —TOF、THRIVE及MIP 4个重建断面融合图像分析患侧三又神经和责任血管存在接触或压迫,其中小脑上动脉55例(43％);小脑前下动脉38例(30％);椎、基底动脉26例(20％);岩静脉9例(7％).阳性率达90％.与术中所见有较高的一致性.结论 导致三叉神经痛的“责任血管”主要为小脑上动脉,其次是小脑前下动脉,椎、基底动脉和岩静脉.选择MRTA的3D — TOF、B— TFE、THRIVE及MIP序列扫描可以显示责任血管,并具有较高的阳性结果.     

不同类型原发性三叉神经痛的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨不同类型的责任血管及压迫特点对原发性三叉神经痛手术疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2002~2012年微血管减压术治疗的212例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。根据术中发现责任血管类型分为动脉压迫（155例）、静脉压迫（24例）和混合压迫（33例），根据术中发现责任血管压迫特点分为接触压迫型（123例）和粘连包裹型（89例）。结果 手术总有效率为95.8%，动脉压迫、静脉压迫和混合压迫有效率分别为98.1%、95.8%和84.8%，接触压迫型和粘连包裹型有效率分别为98.4%和92.1%。结论 微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛的有效方法，动静脉混合压迫以及术中粘连包裹可能是影响手术疗效的因素。     

原发性面肌痉挛责任血管识别与微血管减压术疗效分析(附65例报告)

目的 探讨微血管减压术在原发性面肌痉挛治疗中的疗效,为指导诊疗提供临床依据.方法 对2005年1月至2008年12月收治的65例原发性面肌痉挛患者的一般资料、责任血管和外科手术方法 及效果等临床资料进行总结分析.结果 65例病例中,发病率右侧:左侧=1.2:1.总计70条责任血管,动脉接触45条,动脉压迫22条,静脉接触与压迫3条.2条责任血管者5例(7.7%),小脑前下动脉28例次,小脑后下动脉25例次,椎动脉压迫9例次,基底动脉压迫5例次,静脉压迫者3例次.59例术后1个月内症状完全消失(90.8%);症状改善,但需结合药物控制者6例(9.2%).术后1个月未见严重并发症.1年以上随访53例,症状完全消失50例.结论 微血管减压术是原发性面肌痉挛理想的治疗手段,进行中长期随访对有效监控病情、及时调整治疗方案具有重要的作用.     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛30例临床分析

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床疗效及预后。方法对我院收治的30例原发性三叉神经痛患者采用微血管减压术治疗,对临床疗效及术后并发症进行分析并随访。结果 30例单侧原发性三叉神经痛患者行微血管减压术治疗,术中确认责任血管：小脑上动脉14例（46.7%）,椎动脉5例（16.7%）,小脑下后动脉5例（16.7%）,小脑下前动脉4例（13.3%）,多支血管2例（6.7%）。临床疗效评价：治愈20例（66.7%）,缓解8例（26.7%）,无效2例（6.7%）,无复发。所有患者随访6个月～2a。随访期间8例缓解患者口服少量卡马西平可完全止痛,无复发病例。结论 微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛具有疗效肯定、并发症少、复发率低、神经功能保留等优点,是原发性三叉神经痛的理想治疗方法。     

三叉神经微血管减压术中静脉压迫的处理策略

目的探讨采用三叉神经微血管减压术(microvascular decompression,MVD)治疗原发性三叉神经痛(primary trigeminal neuralgia,PTN)术中处理静脉压迫的策略。方法回顾分析57例原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床资料。所有患者均在术中发现静脉压迫,对比分析术中情况与术后疗效。结果所有责任静脉均为岩静脉属支,24例患者(42. 1%)为单纯静脉压迫,33例患者(57. 9%)为动静脉混合压迫。术后,55例患者(95. 5%)疼痛完全消失或明显减轻,2例患者(4. 5%)无改善;其中3例患者(5. 4%)出现复发;总有效率为91. 2%。术中保留责任静脉者42例,其中术后发生小脑水肿者3例(7. 1%);切断责任静脉者15例,术后发生小脑水肿者5例(33. 3%);两者的差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论三叉神经微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛有效途径之一,合理处理术中静脉压迫有助于提高手术的效果。     

显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

目的探讨显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗三叉神经痛的疗效改善情况及与之相关的因素。方法回顾性分析经MVD治疗的原发性三叉神经痛98例病例资料。术中发现责任血管为小脑上动脉及其分支45例,小脑前下动脉及其分支31例,岩静脉属支10例,多根动脉或动脉合并静脉5例,无确切责任血管7例。结果术后治愈74例,显效11例,有效8例,无效5例。随访1~4年,治愈83例(84.7%),显效5例(5.1%),有效6例(6.1%),无效4例(4.1%);复发4例。结论良好的手术效果除与明确的责任血管关系密切外,疼痛症状的改善与蛛网膜黏连程度、受压血管类型等因素也同样存在紧密关系。     

静脉相关型三叉神经痛术后面部麻木的研究分析

目的探讨与岩上静脉相关的三叉神经痛病人术中处理方法及术后面部麻木的发生原因及预防。方法回顾性分析780例原发性三叉神经痛的病人,根据术中观察岩上静脉是否压迫三叉神经,分为单纯静脉型(n=49)、动静脉混合型(n=272)及单纯动脉型(n=459),比较术后疗效和并发症。结果单纯静脉型、动静脉混合型和单纯动脉型治愈率分别为93.88%、98.90%、98.91%,术后面部麻木的发生率分别为73.5%、46.3%、30.5%。单纯静脉型和动静脉混合型面部麻木的发生率均显著高于单纯动脉型(均P0.05)。结论三叉神经显微血管减压术后出现面部麻木是最常见的并发症,根据发生率依次为:单纯静脉型动静脉混合型单纯动脉型,术中充分暴露小脑水平裂及三叉神经根部、充分保护岩静脉、减少神经和血管的牵拉可降低面部麻木的发生率。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

目的综合评价三叉神经微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的近远期疗效及手术风险。方法回顾性分析三叉神经微血管减压术治疗的原发性三叉神经痛25例患者临床资料。手术采用乙状窦后入路,术中分离血管神经后用Teflon补片分隔。结果术中发现24例有血管压迫,18例为小脑上动脉压迫,1例为基底动脉,3例为小脑前下动脉,1例为岩静脉压迫,1例为小脑上动脉和岩静脉压迫,另1例未发现血管压迫。结论三叉神经显微血管减压术临床适应证广泛,对神经损伤小,临床疗效满意,但手术风险不容忽视。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛65例

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的效果。方法 回顾性分析2014年4月至2015年6月行微血管减压术治疗的65例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。结果 术前MRI发现责任血管59例（90.77%）。术中发现动脉压迫40例、动静脉联合压迫14例、两支动脉联合压迫3例、静脉压迫5例、蛛网膜增厚3例;38例单纯接触压迫,10例粘连,13例接触合并神经移位,4例粘连合并神经移位。65例中,58例完全减压,7例未完全减压;术后3个月,45例治愈,10例显效,5例有效,3例无效,2例复发;总有效率为92.31%。结论 微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效确切;术前MRI检查对手术方案的制定有重要价值。     

微骨孔显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛32例的临床分析

目的探讨总结微骨孔显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的中的责任血管,并分析手术疗效。方法收集2014年1月至2017年4月在阜阳市第五人民医院采用微骨孔显微血管减压术治疗的原发性三叉神经痛患者32例,根据术中所见分析责任血管,并分析术后临床疗效。结果 32例患者中,术中发现单一动脉血管压迫者22例(68. 75%),2支及以上8例(25. 00%),未探查到责任血管的2例(6. 25%);术后出现周围性面瘫、同侧听力下降饮水呛咳和脑脊液漏各1例,无脑出血、颅内感染和死亡病例;完全缓解24例,显著缓解5例,部分缓解2例,无效1例,总有效率为96. 88%,随访6个月无复发病例。结论原发性三叉神经痛患者的责任血管多变,术中需仔细探查充分减压,微骨孔显微血管减压术治疗的临床疗效好,术后并发症少,安全性高。     

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的临床分析

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效及桥脑旁区血管与三叉神经“敏感区”的关系。方法回顾性分析微血管减压术治疗的96例三叉神经痛病人的临床资料。术中探查发现“敏感区”责任血管92例（95．83％），其中小脑上动脉20例（21．74％），小脑前下动脉13例（14．13％），椎动脉及基底动脉11例（11．96％），其他多根血管压迫7例（7．61％），起源不清楚的动脉19例（20．65％），岩静脉21例（22．83％），脑血管畸形1例（1．09％），未见责任血管为动脉瘤者。按文献报道的标准将这些血管与三叉神经的关系进行分型：无接触型4例，接触型32例，压迫型27例，粘连包绕型32例，贯穿型1例。根据不同分型，采取不同方法对血管进行处理。结果手术总有效率98．96％（95例）。主要并发症包括听力下降及消失4例，轻-中度面肌障碍8例，轻度后组颅神经症状1例，小脑症状3例，脑脊夜漏1例，术后切口枕大神经痛1例，伤口延迟愈合2例，无死亡与致残病例。术后随访3个月。4年，平均2．7年，未见疼痛复发患者。结论微血管减压术是目前外科治疗三叉神经痛的有效方法，术中正确识别桥脑旁区三叉神经“敏感区”的责任血管并充分减压，是确保微血管减压术成功的关键。     

Etiologic exploration of magnetic resonance tomographic angiography negative trigeminal neuralgia

Our objective was to explore the etiologic factors involved in trigeminal neuralgia with negative magnetic resonance tomographic angiography (MRTA) results. Clinical data from 341 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia who were treated with neurovascular decompression between March 2003 and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The etiologic causes of preoperative MRTA-negative trigeminal neuralgia were categorized based on comparisons between preoperative MRTA and intraoperative endoscopic images. MRTA was highly sensitive (92.4%, 291/315) to neurovascular compression, whereas its specificity was 65.4% (17/26). Among the 24 false-negative cases, there were nine patients with petrosal vein compression, 12 with superior cerebellar artery compression, two with superior cerebellar arterial branch compression, and one patient with anterior inferior cerebellar artery compression. Among the 17 true-negative cases, three patients had arachnoid adhesions, one had a protruding temporal eminence, five had micro-cholesteatomas, and eight patients exhibited no compression. The factors responsible for the MRTA-negative results included small-diameter arterial vessels, veins with slow blood flow, arachnoid adhesions, protruding temporal eminences, micro-cholesteatomas, and other pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. Preoperative diagnoses of MRTA-negative patients need to integrate the MRI results from multiple sequences to discriminate between arteriolar compression, venous compression, and small compressive lesions. When narrow cerebellopontine angles are shown in MRTA, arachnoid adhesion and temporal eminence compression should be considered.     

Neuroendoscopy in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: technical note

Miocrovascular decompression is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). A complete cure cannot be obtained, and additional adjuncts for extended use of endoscopy are needed. The use of an endoscope combined with the operating microscope can enhance the surgeon's ability to view deep structures during operation. We study the application of combined microsurgical and endoscopic techniques in 21 cases of HFS and 12 cases of TN. With these techniques the surgeon can explore the ventral aspect of the brainstem and cranial nerves without further retraction, can see the groove caused by compression of the offending artery, and can confirm the proper position of the prosthesis after attachment to the dura by fibrin glue. In HFS the most common offending vessels in 75% of cases were the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and in 25% of cases the vertebral artery (VA). In trigeminal neuralgia the offending vessel in 60% of cases was the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), and in 40% of cases the AICA. The overall success rate was 97% with minimal morbidity 3% (facial palsy) and no mortality. The aim of this work is to study advantages and disadvantages of using endoscopy during microvascular decompression for TN and HFS.     

显微手术治疗面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛（附7例分析）

目的探讨显微手术治疗面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛的疗效。方法回顾性分析7例面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛病人的手术经验。均在磁共振检查后行微血管减压治疗,观察术后疗效。结果MRI及术中均见面神经责任血管为小脑前下动脉6例,椎动脉1例;三叉神经责任血管为椎动脉4例,小脑上动脉3例。行微血管减压后,三叉神经痛症状均立即消失;面肌痉挛术后立即消失5例,术后3个月内完全消失2例。结论术前MRI检查可明确诊断并指导手术;微血管减压可有效治疗原发性面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛。     

利用责任血管测量为"显微血管减压术"正名

目的 通过责任血管的测量探讨微血管减压术(microvascular decompression,MVD)的实质,从而提出正确的中文名称.方法 对2007年7月至2010年6月进行的150例MVD的责任血管进行总结,并连续对其中的53例58条责任血管直径进行测量.复习文献,了解各种中文名称的应用情况,提出了对MVD中文...     

Neuroendoscopy in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: Technical note

Abstract

Miocrovascular decompression is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). A complete cure cannot be obtained, and additional adjuncts for extended use of endoscopy are needed. The use of an endoscope combined with the operating microscope can enhance the surgeon’s ability to view deep structures during operation. We study the application of combined microsurgical and endoscopic techniques in 21 cases of HFS and 12 cases of TN. With these techniques the surgeon can explore the ventral aspect of the brainstem and cranial nerves without further retraction, can see the groove caused by compression of the offending artery, and can confirm the proper position of the prosthesis after attachment to the dura by fibrin glue. In HFS the most common offending vessels in 75% of cases were the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and in 25% of cases the vertebral artery (VA). In trigeminal neuralgia the offending vessel in 60% of cases was the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), and in 40% of cases the AICA. The overall success rate was 97% with minimal morbidity 3% (facial palsy) and no mortality. The aim of this work is to study advantages and disadvantages of using endoscopy during microvascular decompression for TN and HFS. [Neural Res 2000; 22: 522-526]     

Trigeminal neuralgia in an elderly patient associated with a variant of persistent primitive trigeminal artery

An 86-year-old woman presented with a 10-year history of right paroxysmal facial pain. The trigger zone was the right maxilla. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and MR cisternography sourse images showed an aberrant artery originating from the right internal carotid artery anastomosed to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory (AICA) of the cerebellum, and it was closed at the root entry zone of trigeminal nerve. The patient underwent microvascular decompression (MVD), and her pain resolved after the operation. Most of the offending vessels that cause trigeminal neuralgia are the superior cerebellar artery (75-80%) and AICA. Although persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common type of persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis, trigeminal neuralgia associated with PTA or a PTA variant is very rare, and particularly, a PTA variant is an uncommon, anomalous, intracranial vessel. It is necessary to inspect MR imaging scans carefully prior to MVD surgery because they are frequently associated with intracranial aneurysms. During surgery, we must be careful not to injure the perforating arteries from the PTA variant. MVD for trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients is effective if the patients can have a tolerate general anesthesia. However, when we plan surgery for elderly patients, we must take care that it does not to lead to unexpected complications.     

原发性三叉神经痛微血管减压术中岩静脉的处理

目的 探讨原发性三叉神经痛微血管减压术中岩静脉及其分支的处理方法。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年5月微血管减压术治疗的92例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。根据术中表现,将岩静脉和其属支分为四种情况:①岩静脉主干妨碍手术操作;②岩静脉属支妨碍手术操作;③岩静脉为责任血管;④岩静脉未妨碍手术操作。结果 岩静脉主干妨碍手术操作32例,电凝切断10例;岩静脉属支妨碍手术操作40例,电凝切断28例;岩静脉及其属支为责任血管3例,电凝切断1例;岩静脉未妨碍手术操作17例,均未切断。术后疼痛消失82例,好转8例,无效2例;手术有效率为97.8%。术后随访3个月~3年,平均18个月;复发3例。术后死亡1例,为小脑梗死,术中切断岩静主干。结论 原发性三叉神经痛微血管减压术中,岩静脉的处理是术中重要的操作环节,同时也是减少术后严重并发症的重要环节。     

左侧延髓血管减压术治疗原发性高血压病的疗效研究

目的 探索左侧延髓微血管减压术(MVD)对颅神经疾病、脑出血病人的原发性高血压病的手术疗效.方法 26例左侧幕上脑内血肿、2例小脑血肿病人在血肿清除后,再行同侧枕下乙状窦后开颅,并对延髓进行MVD,其中15例病人是急诊手术;4例三叉神经痛、2例听神经瘤、1例三叉神经鞘瘤、1例舌咽神经痛的高血压病人,在完成肿瘤切除、颅神经MVD手术后再行MVD.观察病人的血压以及降血压药物用量和种类的变化.结果 术中发现压迫延髓和迷走神经根入脑区(REZ)的责任血管为小脑后下动脉20例,椎动脉主干11例,小脑前下动脉5例;其中接触型14例、压迫型10例、粘连型9例、贯穿型3例.24例高血压病得到治愈、好转10例、2例无效.结论 左侧延髓MVD可以有效治疗原发性高血压病.术中仔细探查远离REZ区的血管袢,并解除它们对迷走神经及延髓腹外侧的"琴弦式"牵拉刺激可以提高延髓MVD治疗原发性高血压病的疗效.