首发精神分裂症早期干预的康复效果

目的　探讨早期干预措施对首发精神分裂症患者的康复效果。方法　将 6 2例首发男性精神分裂症住院患者随机分为干预组 (30例 )和对照组 (32例 ) ,在利培酮治疗的同时 ,对干预组予以心理社会干预措施 ,观察时间为 8周 ,出院后随访 6个月。用阴性、阳性症状评定量表 (PANSS)、住院病人护士观察量表 (NOSIE 30 )和复发率进行评估。结果　入组时与随访最后时点评分差值的比较 ,干预组患者的PANSS总分 (4 6 37± 13 6 5 )、阳性症状分 (18 2 4± 5 83)、阴性症状分 (14 5 5± 5 4 0 )均优于对照组 (分别为 4 1 5 9± 14 6 3、15 30± 6 2 2、19 84± 7 36 ,P <0 0 5～P <0 0 1) ;干预组患者的积极因素分 (- 38 6 5± 9 79)、消极因素分 (31 0 2± 12 5 3)、总评估分 (- 6 6 30± 14 4 5 )皆显著优于对照组 (分别为 - 9 6 7± 11 2 3、3 18± 14 4 7、- 11 6 2± 2 3 75 ,P均 =0 0 0 0 ) ;干预组的复发率 (6 6 7% )低于对照组 (18 75 % ) ,但差异无显著性。结论　对首发精神分裂症患者早期干预措施 ,能较好改善患者的精神症状、提高社会功能、降低复发率 ,故有利于患者重返社会     

精神分裂症患者出院后心理康复指导的意义

目的　探讨心理康复指导对精神分裂症患者出院后康复的意义。方法　对 12 0例出院的精神分裂症患者随机分成干预组 6 0例和对照组 6 0例 ,两组均接受抗精神药物的维持治疗 ,在此基础上干预组进行心理康复指导 ,而对照组仅限于一般情况的介绍 ,于干预前和干预后 6个月、一年对二组进行简明精神病量表(BPRS)、日常生活能力量表 (ADL)、功能大体评定量表 (GAF)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表 (SDSS)评定。结果　干预后 6个月BPRS、GAF、ADL评分分别为 2 1.4± 4 .5 ,79.0± 18.4和 19.6± 4 .8,对照组分别为 2 3.5±5 .1,6 8.0± 16 .8和 2 1.7± 5 .5 ,两组各项评分差异有显著性 ,干预组 12个月后BPRS、GAF、ADL、SDSS评分分别为 16 .3± 3.4 ,82 .0± 113.4 ,4 .1± 2 .2和 14 .5± 5 .5 ,对照组分别为 19.7± 8.2 ,5 8.0± 14 .7,6 .7±2 .8和 18.7± 5 .5 ,两组各项评分差异均有显著性 ,1年内干预组 8例 (13.3% )复发 ,对照组 2 1例 (3.5 % )复发 ,有差异显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　心理康复指导能降低精神分裂症患者的复发率 ,有利于社会功能的康复     

精神分裂症社区康复疗效的对照研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者社区康复的办法及可行性.方法 将60例精神分裂症患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组30例.干预组开办家庭病床,每周进行一次家访,对患者进行检查并对其及家属进行心理治疗、康复训练、用药指导.对照组只进行家访,不做任何指导.持续随访一年.用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS),社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS),康复状态量表(MRSS)和复发率,再住院率,再就业率进行评估.结果 1、干预组患者PANSS总分及各分量表分自第2月起减分率明显优于对照组(P<0.01);2、干预组MRSS、SDSS均显著优于对照组;3、干预组复发率(10.0%),再住院率(3.3%),再就业率(43.3%),显著低于对照组复发率(63.3%),再住院率(43.3%),再就业率(10.0%),(X2=40.6,13.7,6.7,P<0.01).结论 慢性精神分裂症患者通过社区干预,可有效改善精神分裂症患者的症状,提高其社会适应能力,是行之有效的.     

精神分裂症患者与其健康同胞的注意和执行功能障碍的对照研究

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞的注意、工作记忆 /执行功能的特点。方法对 5 0例精神分裂症患者 (患者组 )及其健康同胞 5 0名 (同胞组 ) ,以及 4 5名正常对照者 (正常对照组 )采用威斯康星卡片分类测验 (WCST)和持续操作测验 (CPT) ,评估注意、工作记忆 /执行功能。结果　(1)在WCST中 ,患者组及其同胞组的总测验次数 (分别为 83 4± 2 3 2和 74 1± 2 4 6 )、持续错误数 (分别为 2 5 8± 11 7和 2 2 8± 10 7)、随机错误数 (33 4± 19 2和 2 5 9± 17 1)均高于正常对照组 (分别为6 0 0± 2 1 6、14 8± 8 3和 18 1± 16 0 ;P <0 0 1)。 (2 )在CPT中 ,患者组的评分 [(2 8 4± 4 0 )分 ]低于同胞组 [(30 4± 2 3)分 ]和正常对照组 [(30 9± 2 8)分 ],而同胞组与正常对照组的差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 )。(3)患者组及其同胞组发生执行功能障碍 (分别为 2 9例和 2 5例 )和注意缺陷 (分别为 2 2例和 7例 )的例数均多于正常对照组 (分别为 9例和 4例 ;P <0 0 1) ,其中有工作记忆 /执行功能缺陷的精神分裂症患者 ,其同胞出现这一缺陷的比率 (6 6 % )高于无缺陷的精神分裂症患者的同胞 (2 8% )。(4)WCST中的持续错误数与文化程度呈负相关 (r =- 0 32 ,P <0 0 1) ,CPT与性别 (r=- 0 2     

社区精神分裂症患者应用重返社会程式训练的一年随访研究

目的探讨重返社会技能训练程式对于社区精神分裂症患者康复的作用.方法将100例非急性期的社区精神分裂症患者随机分为技能训练组(以下简称训练组;50例,其中脱落5例)和对照组(50例,其中脱落2例).在药物治疗的同时,对训练组进行重返社会技能训练,对照组接受传统精神康复干预,对两组患者随访1年.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)和Morning Side康复状态量表(MRSS),在干预前、随访第1,3,6,9,12个月时对患者进行评估;同时监测病情复发率、(再)住院率、(再)就业率.结果 (1)入组时与随访末次评分减分值的比较,训练组PANSS总分[(6.80±11.30)分]、阳性量表[(0.51±3.36)分]、阴性量表[(3.14±5.27)分]、一般精神病理量表[(3.14±5.11)分]和MRSS总分[(13.92±21.08)分]均优于对照组[分别为(-4.33±18.35)分、(-2.93±7.16)分、(-1.23±7.27)分、(-0.16±7.97)分和(-10.09±30.93)分],P＜0.05～0.01;(2)训练组的病情复发率(20%)和(再)住院率(2%)低于对照组(分别为40%和19%;P＜0.05);(3)训练组的(再)就业率(51%)高于对照组(23%;P＜0.01).结论在药物治疗的基础上,重返社会程式可以有效地帮助精神分裂症患者尽早地重返社会.     

家庭干预对精神分裂症患者临床疗效的对照研究

目的观察家庭干预对精神分裂症患者治疗效果的影响。方法将160例精神分裂症患者随机分为药物治疗并家庭干预组(家庭组)80例和单纯药物治疗组(对照组)80例。家庭组接受药物、家庭心理干预治疗,对照组仅接受药物治疗。出院时和随访2年末,采用简明精神病量表(BPRS)、自制调查表评定精神症状、疗效、住院天数、治疗依从性和复发率。结果出院时:家庭组平均住院天数明显短于对照组,分别为(56±7)天和(78±18)天,显效率和有效率明显高于对照组(72．2％vs 43．5％;91．7％vs 75．4％);BPRS量表分明显低于对照组[(24．3±4．1)vs(29．6±5．2)];治疗依从性分别是完全依从为75．0％、部分依从为19．4％、不依从为5．6％,对照组分别为52．2％、34．8％和13．0％,差异有显著性(P<0．01)。随访2年末:家庭组显效率和有效率明显高于对照组(63．9％vs30．4％;77．8％vs44．9％);BPRS量表分明显低于对照组[(27．2±5．1)vs(34．7±7．8)];治疗依从性分别是完全依从为62．5%、部分依从为26．4％、不依从为11．1％,对照组分别为36．2％、26．1％和37．7％,差异有显著性(P<0．01);复发率明显低于对照组(13．9％vs 30．4％),差异有显著性(P<0．01);两组脱落率则无显著性差异(P>0．05)。结论家庭干预有利于精神分裂症患者精神症状的改善,能缩短住院时间、提高治疗依从性和减少复发率。     

晚发精神分裂症患者局部脑血流及认知功能的研究

目的　探讨晚发精神分裂症患者局部脑血流 (rCBF)及认知功能损害的特点。方法　对2 1例首次发病年龄≥ 5 0岁的精神分裂症患者进行脑单光子发射计算机体层摄影术 (SPECT)检查 ,并采用阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)、简易精神状态量表 (MMSE)、中国修订韦克斯勒成人智力量表、韦克斯勒记忆量表 (WMS)及威斯康星卡片分类测验等进行评定 ,经利培酮 [(2 7± 0 8)mg/d ,2次 /d]治疗 8周后 ,其中 11例患者 (PANSS减分率大于 2 5 % )再次完成上述测定。 2 0名正常人完成SPECT、MMSE及WMS测定。结果　 (1)治疗前患者组左额叶、左顶叶、双侧颞下、双侧基底节及右丘脑 (P <0 0 1)的放射性计数比值 (RAR)低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且左额叶RAR (0 85± 0 11)低于右额叶(0 86± 0 10 ;P =0 0 13) ;其MMSE评分 (2 3 33± 4 10 )低于对照组 [(2 8 35± 1 6 3)分 ,P <0 0 1];WMS总分及其大部分测验项目分亦均低于对照组 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 )。 (2 )治疗后患者组仅MMSE分[(2 4 73± 4 4 5 )分 ]、WMS的定向因子分 [(3 82± 1 0 8)分 ]和背数因子分 [(5 0 0± 3 4 9)分 ]高于治疗前[分别为 (2 2 4 5± 3 98)分、(3 18± 1 0 8)分和 (2 6 4± 3 88)分 ;P <0 0 5 ],而各脑区rCBF及其余认知功能的变化均无显     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者血浆高香草酸的影响

目的　探讨利培酮对精神分裂症患者中枢多巴胺代谢产物血浆高香草酸 (pHVA)的影响。方法　 30例精神分裂症住院患者 (患者组 )纳入研究 ,利培酮治疗平均剂量为 (3 2± 1 1)mg/d ,共观察 6周。以阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)评定疗效 ,以高效液相库仑阵列电化学检测法测定患者治疗前后的 pHVA含量。 30例健康志愿者作为对照组 ,检测pHVA水平。 结果　 (1)患者组治疗前 pHVA含量 [(7 9± 4 0 ) μg /L]与对照组含量 [(8 8± 4 1) μg /L]的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而患者组治疗后 pHVA含量 [(5 3± 2 7) μg/L]明显低于治疗前 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )治疗前患者组 pHVA与PANSS阳性症状评分 [(2 0 7± 4 1)分 ]存在正相关 (r =0 39,P <0 0 0 1) ,与基线PANSS阴性症状评分 [(19 7± 5 1)分 ]存在负相关 (r =- 0 35 ,P <0 0 1) ;(3)基础pHVA含量及其治疗前后差值[(2 6± 1 3) μg/L]与PANSS阳性症状评分减分值 [(10 8± 4 1)分 ]均分别呈正相关 (r =0 4 8,P <0 0 1;r=0 6 0 ,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　患者组治疗前pHVA可部分反映精神分裂症症状 (尤其是阳性症状 )的严重程度 ,基础 pHVA含量及治疗前后pHVA水平的变化与利培酮治疗阳性症状的疗效相关。     

强迫症与社交恐怖症的防御机制及其相关因素的比较研究

目的　对强迫症和社交恐怖症患者的防御方式、父母教养方式和个性特征进行比较研究。方法　对强迫症组、社交恐怖症组和正常对照组 (各 6 0例 )进行父母教养方式评价量表评定 ,并分别填写防御方式问卷 (DSQ)和艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)。结果　 (1)单因素方差分析 ,两组患者的中间型防御机制因子分 [分别为 (4 6 4± 0 72 )分 ,(4 90± 0 5 9)分 ]和不成熟型防御机制因子分 [(4 6 9±1 0 7)分 ,(4 71± 0 92 )分 ]高于正常对照组 [(4 34± 0 5 8)分和 (3 86± 0 98)分 ;P =0 0 0 ],成熟防御机制因子分 [分别为 (5 32± 1 4 4 )分和 (5 36± 1 0 9)分 ]低于正常组 [(5 80± 0 81)分 ;P =0 0 4 ];(2 )多元方差分析 ,强迫症组与社交恐怖症组间及其与正常对照组的防御方式明显不同 ,强迫症组和社交恐怖症组与正常对照组的父母教养方式和个性特征亦不同 (Pillai检验 ,均P =0 0 0 ) ,但两患者组间的差异无显著性 ;(3)两患者组的父母过度保护、拒绝和惩罚等变量、EPQ神经质和精神质变量 ,与中间型和 /或不成熟防御机制变量显著相关。结论　强迫症、社交恐怖症与正常对照三组间的防御方式明显不同 ;防御机制的使用与患者父母不良的教养方式和个性特征显著相关。     

精神分裂症与抑郁症患者视觉P300电位的随访比较

目的　探讨精神分裂症和抑郁症患者事件相关电位 (ERPs)P3 0 0 的P3 波异常的意义。方法　对 2 1例精神分裂症、15例抑郁症患者在未服药和停药半年后的发病期及 2年缓解期后采用视觉图像辨认作业引出中央点P3 0 0 ,并与 2 4名正常对照者进行比较。结果　两病例组在发病期P3 潜伏期 [精神分裂症组 (431± 42 )ms,抑郁症组 (40 5± 32 )ms]延长、波幅 [精神分裂症组 (4 7± 2 0 ) μV ,抑郁症组 (5 3± 2 7) μV]下降 ,与对照组 [(36 7± 13)ms、(9 3± 3 1) μV]间的差异有显著性 ;缓解期复查仅精神分裂症组P3 潜伏期 [(410± 30 )ms]及波幅 [(7 1± 3 3) μV]异常较明显 ,抑郁症组潜伏期[(374± 9)ms,波幅为 (8 1± 4 1) μV]与对照组间的差异无显著性。结论　精神分裂症P3 波异常具一定跨状态稳定性 ,其中潜伏期的延长更为稳定 ;而在抑郁症则与临床状态有关。     

Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications

Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.     

Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy

Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.     

Carbamazepine Efficacy in Adults With Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.     

Etiologic and Preventive Aspects of Epilepsy in the Child–Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory and Clinic

Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.     

Predisposing and Causative Factors in Childhood Epilepsy

Summary: We review information from large studies of defined populations, examining the role of known factors and especially of prenatal and perinatal factors in contributing to nonfebrile seizure disorders of early childhood. We depend especially, but not exclusively, on the recently completed analyses from the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, the NCPP. About 4% of children in the NCPP who had at least one non-febrile nonsymptomatic seizure by the age of 7 years had a previous seizure during acute neurologic illness, such as meningitis or during the acute illness after trauma. Many such seizures should potentially be preventable. Of children with seizures, 10% had had a neonatal seizure and 13% had had a febrile seizure. Among the hundreds of prenatal and perinatal factors explored as predictors of childhood seizure disorders, the principal predictors identified were congenital malformations of the fetus, cerebral and noncerebral; family history of certain neurologic disorders; and neonatal seizures. In agreement with the British National Child Development Study, labor and delivery factors in the NCPP appeared to contribute very little to childhood seizure disorders. Maldevelopment, rather than damage at birth to an initially intact nervous system, appeared to be the more common mechanism. Most seizure disorders of early childhood remained unexplained by the large set of prenatal and perinatal characteristics examined.     

Anticonvulsant Drugs and Cognitive Function: A Review of the Literature

Summary: Alterations of cognitive function are separate from disturbances of behavior seen in association with epilepsy. The nature of the cognitive disability may to a certain extent depend on the seizure type. Partial seizures, mainly derived from a temporal lobe focus, impair memory tasks, while generalized seizures seem to have more effect on attentional abilities. A number of studies, reviewed in this paper, suggest that anticonvulsant drugs further impair cognitive function. Maximal impairments are seen in patients receiving polytherapy: rationalization of polytherapy improves cognitive abilities. Studies in children and adults have allowed differentiation of the effects of various commonly used antiepileptic agents. Maximal cognitive deficits are seen with. phenytoin, while phenobarbital and sodium valproate induce moderate disturbances, and carbamazepine seems relatively free from such toxicity. Further research is needed on the interrelationship between types of seizure disorders, types of anticonvulsant medications, and cognitive function.     

Effects of NMD A- and AMPA-Receptor Antagonists on Different Forms of Epileptiform Activity in Rat Temporal Cortex Slices

Summary: Lowering extracellular magnesium induces different patterns of epileptiform activity in rat hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Short recurrent epileptiform discharges in the hippocampus are stable over time, whereas seizurelike events (SLEs) in the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, and the neighboring neocortex develop into late recurrent discharges which are not blocked by clinically employed antiepileptic drugs. We tested the sensitivity of the different epileptiform discharge patterns to. /V-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and non-NMDA-receptor antagonists. As NMDA-receptor antagonist we used dextrorphan, ket-amine, and 2-aminophosphonovalerate (2APV); as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)-receptor antagonist we employed the quinoxaline derivative glutamate 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). The findings show that the different patterns of epileptiform activity, including the late recurrent discharges, are sensitive to all NMDA-receptor antagonists. However, when dextrorphan was employed to suppress seizure-like events, later recurrent discharges did not develop during the remaining time course of the experiment. CNQX reversibly suppressed recurrent discharges in the hippocampus and SLEs in the entorhinal cortex. However, late recurrent discharges become insensitive to CNQX, even at a high concentration of 60 μM m. This finding suggests a prominent role for NMDA receptors in the generation of late recurrent discharges.     

The influence of comorbid depression on seizure severity

PURPOSE: To determine the relation between depressive symptoms and seizure severity among people with epilepsy. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was used to survey a nationwide community sample about seizures and depression. The Seizure Severity Questionnaire (SSQ) assessed the severity and bothersomeness of seizure components. The Centers for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale categorized levels of depression. RESULTS: Respondents categorized as having current severe (SEV, n = 166), mild-moderate (MOD, n = 74), or no depression (NO, n = 443) differed significantly in SSQ scores (all p < 0.0001). People with SEV or MOD reported significantly worse problems than did those with NO depression for overall seizure recovery (mean, 5.3, 4.9, 4.5, respectively); overall severity (5.0, 4.5, 4.2); and overall seizure bother (5.3, 4.8, 4.4) (all p < 0.005). Cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of seizure recovery also were rated worse among people with SEV than with NO depression (all p < 0.05). Symptoms of depression were significantly correlated with higher levels of all components of generalized tonic-clonic seizure severity (r = 0.33-0.48; all p < 0.0001), and partial seizures (r = 0.31-0.38; all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Clinically depressed people with epilepsy reported higher levels of perceived severity and bother from seizures, as well as greater problems with overall seizure recovery than did nondepressed people experiencing similar types of seizures. The pervasive influence of depressive symptoms on reports of seizure activity suggests that people with epilepsy should be screened for depression. These data highlight the importance of detecting and treating depression among people with epilepsy.     

Une phénoménologie de la dépendance à l'alcool. Une expérience primordiale de la « nostrité »

The phenomenological approach to alcoholism interestingly focuses on specific dynamics of interpersonal relationships displaying the founding of the Self from a primary “us” and its original basis in the human feast. Priorities for treatment intervention recommend to involve social setting and relationships of the patients, reaching their active participation to a motivational and long term group treatment, underlying the specific therapeutic effect of world exchanges. Biopsychosocial determination of alcoholism could be primarily based on components of interpersonal relationships. Regarding social background, drinking is one of the most famous supports for the achievement of the feast, a founding marker of present time. Taking an existential point of view, the feast appears as the heart of mankind because it presents a primary “us”, a plural state which indicates the beginning and founding of the Self from the others. During the feast, we regularly have to reach our Self from the “us” while avoiding two main dangers, drunkenness, an increase in the dizziness of upright verticality, and addiction, an opposite vertical surrender to alcohol and falling into in the alcoholic relapse, both situations imply a spatial domination and the disappearance of others. Treatment programs of alcohol addicts need to integrate the necessity of reaching the existential basic trust from the support of a group to the appropriation of the community which can be defined as an original “usness”.