微管蛋白抑制剂SUD-35固体分散体的制备、鉴定及初步体外药效学研究

目的将难溶性微管蛋白抑制剂SUD-35制备成固体分散体,以增加其溶解度及溶出速率。方法以聚乙二醇6000为载体,溶剂-熔融法制备SUD-35固体分散体。采用差示扫描量热分析与X-射线衍射观察药物在载体中的存在状态,并进行溶解度和体外溶出度研究。采用MTT法对SUD-35固体分散体对小鼠白血病L1210细胞药效进行测定。结果 SUD-35固体分散体中SUD-35的溶解度和溶出速率相对原料药和物理混合物均有明显提高,差示扫描量热分析与X-射线衍射结果显示SUD-35以无定型状态存在于固体分散体中,细胞药效结果显示SUD-35固体分散体对小鼠白血病L1210细胞增殖抑制率强于SUD-35纯药。结论聚乙二醇6000为载体制备SUD-35固体分散体,可显著提高SUD-35的溶解度及溶出速率。     

姜黄素-聚维酮固体分散体的制备及溶出度的测定

目的:制备姜黄素－聚维酮固体分散体,改善姜黄素的溶出度.方法:应用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PvPk30)为载体,以溶剂法制备固体分散体,差示扫描量热法、X-射线粉末衍射进行物相鉴定,并测定溶出度.结果:姜黄素在固体分散体中可能以无定型态或分子状态存在,药物的累积溶出百分率随栽体比例增加而增加,以1:6的比例效果最好.制成固体分散体后,药物在水中的溶解度达66.28 g·L-1.结论:采用PVPk30制备的固体分散体能显著提高姜黄素的溶出度.     

热熔挤出法增加布洛芬的溶出度并掩盖其苦味

目的:制备布洛芬固体分散体,以增加布洛芬的溶出度并掩盖其苦味。方法:取布洛芬原料药与丙烯酸树脂Eudragit EPO,以1∶1.5(w/w)混合,采用热熔挤出法制备布洛芬固体分散体。用差示扫描量热法和粉末X射线衍射法分析布洛芬在Eudragit EPO中的分散状态。测定固体分散体、物理混合物和市售布洛芬片剂的溶出度,并评价布洛芬固体分散体的掩味效果。结果:布洛芬晶体结构的特征峰在差示扫描量热和粉末X射线衍射图中消失。在磷酸盐缓冲液中,固体分散体的溶出速度大于物理混合物和布洛芬片。志愿者对布洛芬固体分散体的味觉评价优于物理混合物和布洛芬原料。结论:热熔挤出法制备的Eudragit EPO固体分散体能增加布洛芬的溶出度,并有明显的掩味效果。     

联苯双酯固体分散体处方及体外性质评价

目的应用不同亲水性载体材料制备联苯双酯固体分散体,提高联苯双酯体外溶出。方法应用溶解度参数法初步筛选载体材料,采用热熔挤出法制备联苯双酯固体分散体,采用差示扫描量热法、X射线粉末衍射法和傅立叶变换红外光谱法对所制备的固体分散体进行表征。对固体分散体进行溶出度测定,以体外累积溶出度为主要指标,分别考察不同载体、不同载药量对固体分散体中联苯双酯溶出度的影响。结果应用不同亲水性载体材料制备的固体分散体均可提高联苯双酯溶出度,其中以Soluplus对联苯双酯溶出度的提高最为显著,累积溶出度可达到90%左右。优选Soluplus为固体分散体载体材料,并且当载药量为20%时,溶出度最高。结论应用载体材料Soluplus制备固体分散体可以显著提高联苯双酯溶出度。载体材料的性质及载药量的高低都会影响固体分散体中药物的溶出度。     

他达那非固体分散体的制备和性质研究

目的制备他达那非(tadalafil,TD)固体分散体并进行性质研究。方法利用喷雾干燥法制备固体分散体,以表观溶解度和溶出度为指标筛选处方,采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)和接触角测定等技术研究药物的存在状态和润湿性等理化性质。结果固体分散体将他达那非的表观溶解度提高22.6倍;20min内药物的累积溶出超过90%;固体分散体药物以分子或无定形状态存在;接触角减小,润湿性增大。结论采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和介孔硅为载体制备的他达那非固体分散体,能明显提高药物的表观溶解度和溶出度。     

熔融法制备布洛芬固体分散体

目的提高布洛芬的体外溶出速率。方法以亲水性Sylysia 730为载体,采用熔融法制备布洛芬-Sylysia 730固体分散体;利用体外溶出度实验确定熔融法制备固体分散体的制备条件;采用粉末X射线衍射法、差示扫描量热法、扫描电子显微镜分析法对制备的固体分散体进行物相鉴别。结果熔融法制备的布洛芬-Sylysia 730固体分散体中布洛芬均以非晶态存在于载体中。结论用Sylysia 730制备布洛芬固体分散体后显著提高了布洛芬的溶出速率,可进一步进行体内释药行为考察。     

异烟肼缓释固体分散体的制备及其体外评价

目的制备异烟肼缓释固体分散体,考察其分散状态和体外溶出速率。方法以水不溶性聚合物乙基纤维素为载体,用溶剂法制备异烟肼缓释固体分散体。采用X射线衍射法、差示扫描量热法和红外光谱法鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态,并对其体外释放情况进行研究。结果 X射线衍射法表明异烟肼在固体分散体中有一部分是以分子状态分散,而另一部分可能以微晶体状态分散;差示扫描量热法表明所制备的缓释固体分散体中不存在药物结晶;红外光谱法结果表明异烟肼与乙基纤维素未发生化学反应;溶出度试验结果表明其具有良好的缓释效果。结论采用溶剂法制备的异烟肼缓释固体分散体可以使药物达到高度分散状态,制备的异烟肼缓释固体分散体具有较好的缓释效果。     

托伐普坦固体分散体的制备及体外溶出特性考察

目的 采用固体分散技术提高难溶性药物托伐普坦的体外溶出度。方法 选用聚维酮K_29/32为载体材料,以溶剂蒸发法制备托伐普坦固体分散体。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X-射线粉末衍射法(XRPD)对所得固体分散体进行鉴定, 并进行溶解度、体外溶出实验。结果 固体分散体的DSC 图谱及X-射线粉末衍射确定了托伐普坦以无定形态分散在载体中, 体外溶解实验表明其溶出较原料药、物理混合物均有明显提高。结论 将托伐普坦与PVP K_29/32制成固体分散体,其分散状态发生了改变,溶出性能明显提高。     

硝酸异山梨酯固体分散体的制备及其体外溶出特性研究

目的采用固体分散技术,提高硝酸异山梨酯在水中的溶解度和体外溶出速率.方法以聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)为载体,熔融法制备硝酸异山梨酯的固体分散体.考察其体外特性,并采用X-射线粉末衍射、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外光谱法鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态.结果固体分散体能加快药物的溶出速率,最佳比例为1∶7.硝酸异山梨酯在PEG6000的固体分散体中以微细结晶存在.结论硝酸异山梨酯-PEG6000(1∶7)固体分散体增加硝酸异山梨酯溶出度的效果显著.     

马来酸氟吡汀固体分散体的制备及体外溶出

目的:制备马来酸氟吡汀-PEG 6000固体分散体以加快药物的体外溶出速度。方法:以PEG 6000为药物载体,采用熔融法制备马来酸氟吡汀固体分散体,采用X-射线衍射法和差示扫描量热法(DSC)观察药物在载体中的存在状态。结果:马来酸氟吡汀以分子状态存在于固体分散体中;药物与载体的比例为1:4时,所制备的固体分散体具有最高的溶出度。结论:固体分散体能显著提高药物溶出度和溶出速率。     

槲皮素PVP固体分散体的制备及物相鉴定

目的用溶剂法制备槲皮素-PVP固体分散体并考察其溶出特性并对物相进行鉴定。方法采用溶剂法制备槲皮素-PVP固体分散体,通过溶出实验对槲皮素溶出率的测定研究固体分散体的溶出性质,利用差热分析（Differentialscanning calorimetry,DSC）、红外光谱分析（Infrared spectroscopy,IR）、粉末X衍射（X-ray powder diffractometry,PXRD）、扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscopy,SEM）等方法对其进行物相鉴定。结果槲皮素-PVP固体分散体的溶出速率相对其物理混合物有了明显的改善; 溶解实验显示固体分散体中槲皮素的溶解度有了显著的提高;热差分析及粉末X衍射结果表明固体分散体中槲皮素呈非结晶形式;扫描电镜下固体分散体中无槲皮素晶体。结论采用溶剂法制备槲皮素-PVP固体分散体可显著提高槲皮素的溶解度及溶出速度。     

紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体的制备、物相鉴定及细胞药效

用溶剂法制备紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体，对其溶解度及体外溶出特性进行考察并对物相进行鉴定。采用溶剂法制备紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体，对固体分散体中紫杉醇的溶解度和溶出率进行测定，研究固体分散体的溶出性质。同时，利用差热分析（Differential scanning calorimetry，DSC）、粉末X衍射（X-ray powder diffractometry,PXRD）、扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscopy，SEM）等方法对其进行物相鉴定。采用SRB法对紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体对SKOV-3细胞药效进行测定。紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体中紫杉醇的溶解度和溶出速率相对其原料药和物理混合物均有了明显的提高；热差分析及粉末X衍射结果表明固体分散体中紫杉醇呈非结晶形式；扫描电镜下固体分散体中无紫杉醇晶体。细胞药效结果表明紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体的细胞药效强于紫杉醇纯药。采用溶剂法制备的紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体可显著提高紫杉醇的溶解度和溶出速度。     

Stable solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride with augmented physicochemical properties for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Crystalline solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) was made with various polar and non-polar small molecules to overcome the poor aqueous solubility issue. LH-Glutathione (GSH) solid dispersion in 1:1 ratio was prepared by co-grinding method and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. GSH acts as antioxidant and reported for anti-schizophrenic activity may provide synergistic action with LH or reduce the side effects. LH in LH-GSH solid dispersion (SD) has shown improvement in solubility by 7.9 folds than plain drug which translated in terms of improved dissolution rate by two-folds. The in vitro dissolution results showed maximum dissolution rate with LH-GSH SD (97.85 ± 2.40%) compared to plain drug (50.5 ± 3.02%) at 15 min (t₁₅ min, %) and thus, satisfying criteria of immediate release dosage form. DSC and FTIR data confirmed the stability of LH-GSH SD for 3 months at accelerated stability condition (40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% RH). The prepared LH-GSH SD can be used as a tool to target dual problems that is, enhanced physicochemical properties along with possible management of disorder which could be due to synergism with co-administered GSH. This approach is thought to be efficiently providing the relief to the psychological patients.     

环孢素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的体外评价

目的以泊洛沙姆188（F68）为载体制备环孢素（CsA）固体分散体并考察其体外溶出。方法以溶剂一熔融法制备固体分散体，以差示扫描量热法（DSC）和X．射线衍射法鉴定CsA在体系中的存在状态，以FTIR表征药物与载体的相互作用，以摇瓶法测定CsA的溶解度，按《中国药典》溶出度第三法测定CsA从物理混合物和固体分散体中的溶出。结果X-射线衍射图谱显示CsA结晶衍射峰消失，提示药物以无定形或分子状态存在于固体分散体中。FTIR结果表明药物与载体间无相互作用。药物溶解度和溶出度均随着F68比例的增加而增大，固体分散体和物理混合物60min的累积溶出百分率分别为99．32％和75．41％，两者具显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论F68能提高CsA的溶解度和溶出度，可用来制备CsA的固体剂型。     

Solid dispersion of spironolactone with porous silica prepared by the solvent method

Solid dispersions of spironolactone (SPI) with porous silica (Sylysia 730 and Sylysia 350) were prepared by the solvent method. The physicochemical properties of the prepared solid dispersions were evaluated by powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the SEM study, no differences in the surface condition between Sylysia 350 and the solid dispersion of a Sylysia 350:SPI system in a weight ratio of 1:1 were observed. However, AFM phase images showed that the surface of the solid dispersion of the Sylysia 350:SPI system (weight ratio of 1:1) was rather smooth due to the adsorption of SPI as compared with that of a Sylysia 350 intact. The results of PXRD and DSC data in the solid dispersion of the Sylysia 350:SPI system (weight ratio of 1:1) indicated that the molecular state of the adsorbed SPI changed from crystalline to amorphous. Although the decrease in the SPI concentration increased with the amorphous fraction in the solid dispersion, the diffraction peaks due to SPI crystals still remained in the solid dispersion of a Sylysia 730:SPI system (weight ratio of 1:1), indicating that the mean pore diameter and specific surface area of an additive are some of the important factors for the amorphization of SPI crystals. The dissolution property of the SPI from the solid dispersions was remarkably improved in comparison with that of SPI crystals. The dissolution rate of the SPI from the solid dispersions with Sylysia 350 was faster than that of the SPI from the solid dispersions with Sylysia 730. The difference in the dissolution properties of SPI from both the solid dispersions was attributed to the difference in the molecular state of the SPI in both the solid dispersions. In the stability test, the amorphous state of the SPI in the solid dispersion of the Sylysia 350:SPI system (weight ratio of 1:1) was maintained for 2 weeks at 25 degrees C and 0% RH, while the amorphous SPI without Sylysia 350 crystallized under the same conditions.     

The preparation and characteristics of febuxostat SiO2 solid dispersions

In the present research, we selected Sylysia as a porous material and febuxostat (FBT) as model drug to prepare the FBT SiO₂ solid dispersions using a solvent evaporation method. We firstly established an HPLC method for determining FBT in our prepared FBT SiO₂ solid dispersions. And then, the characteristics of FBT SiO₂ solid dispersions were investigated, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size and distribution. The solubility and dissolution of FBT SiO₂ solid dispersion were also evaluated. The results of DSC and PXRD showed that the FBT existed in an amorphous state in FBT SiO₂ solid dispersions. The SEM and particle size results indicated that the shape and average particle size of FBT SiO₂ solid dispersions was similar to the Sylysia. The solubility and dissolution of FBT in FBT SiO₂ solid dispersions were significantly enhanced compared with the pure FBT. In conclusion, we successfully prepared FBT SiO₂ solid dispersions to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of the poorly water-soluble FBT.     

复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体的制备及评价

目的：制备复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体,提高齐墩果酸的溶出度。方法：采用溶剂法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP VA64）和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物（Soluplus）为复合载体,制备齐墩果酸固体分散体,以累积溶出度为评价指标,考察不同载体比例,药物与载体比例,筛选最佳工艺。通过差式扫描量热法（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、粉末X 射线衍射（XRPD）等技术手段对其表征,并考察其溶出度。结果：Soluplus和PVP VA64复合载体比例为3∶2,药物与载体比例为1∶7,制备固体分散体,在45 min时累积溶出度为92.43%,DSC、SEM、XRPD、FTIR等表征结果显示药物以无定形状态存在于固体分散体中,且药物与载体之间存在氢键相互作用。结论：Soluplus和PVP VA64作为复合载体材料,联合应用可显著提高齐墩果酸的体外溶出度。     

Chitosan and chitosan chlorhydrate based various approaches for enhancement of dissolution rate of carvedilol

Background and the purpose of the study

Carvedilol nonselective β-adrenoreceptor blocker, chemically (±)-1-(Carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[[2-(o-methoxypHenoxy) ethyl] amino]-2-propanol, slightly soluble in ethyl ether; and practically insoluble in water, gastric fluid (simulated, TS, pH 1.1), and intestinal fluid (simulated, TS without pancreatin, pH 7.5) Compounds with aqueous solubility less than 1% W/V often represents dissolution rate limited absorption. There is need to enhance the dissolution rate of carvedilol. The objective of our present investigation was to compare chitosan and chitosan chlorhydrate based various approaches for enhancement of dissolution rate of carvedilol.

Methods

The different formulations were prepared by different methods like solvent change approach to prepare hydrosols, solvent evaporation technique to form solid dispersions and cogrind mixtures. The prepared formulations were characterized in terms of saturation solubility, drug content, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), electron microscopy, in vitro dissolution studies and stability studies.

Results

The practical yield in case of hydrosols was ranged from 59.76 to 92.32%. The drug content was found to uniform among the different batches of hydrosols, cogrind mixture and solid dispersions ranged from 98.24 to 99.89%. There was significant improvement in dissolution rate of carvedilol with chitosan chlorhdyrate as compare to chitosan and explanation to this behavior was found in the differences in the wetting, solubilities and swelling capacity of the chitosan and chitosan salts, chitosan chlorhydrate rapidly wet and dissolve upon its incorporation into the dissolution medium, whereas the chitosan base, less water soluble, would take more time to dissolve.

Conclusion

This technique is scalable and valuable in manufacturing process in future for enhancement of dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs.     

Cefuroxime axetil solid dispersions prepared using solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids

Cefuroxime axetil (CA) solid dispersions with HPMC 2910/PVP K-30 were prepared using solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) in an effort to increase the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. Their physicochemical properties in solid state were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy. No endothermic and characteristic diffraction peaks corresponding to CA were observed for the solid dispersions in DSC and PXRD. FTIR analysis demonstrated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between CA and HPMC 2910/PVP K-30 in solid dispersions, resulting in the formation of amorphous or non-crystalline CA. Dissolution studies indicated that the dissolution rates were remarkably increased in solid dispersions compared with those in the physical mixture and drug alone. In conclusion, an amorphous or non-crystalline CA solid dispersion prepared using SEDS could be very useful for the formulation of solid dosage forms.